1. Processing of Cotton
YARN & FABRIC FORMATION
By:-Sukhvir Sabharwal
B-Tech 2007 Batch
TITS Bhiwani (INDIA)

2. Ginning
Opening and cleaning of raw cotton
Bale formation and supplied to spinning units
Mixing
Blowroom
For combing process
Carding Breaker draw frame Lap former
For carded process
Comber
Finisher drawframe

3. Speed frame
Ring frame
Autoconer & TFO
Cone winding
Yarn conditioning
Warping
Yarn packaging Pirn/ direct
Sizing cone as weft
for weaving
Godown yarn
Beaming
Market
Weaving

4. Ginning
• Ginning is the separation of seed from seed
cotton
• Recovery of clean lint. The process requires
a dryer, a gin saw or some other type of
separation devices.
• The clean lint is then compacted and tied
with a bale wrap.
• It is finally weighed and stored.

5. Opening and Cleaning of Raw Cotton
• The object of this process is to blend cotton
so as to obtain uniform raw material,
remove leaf dirt and fresh, open up the
fibres after they have been compressed in
the bale
• To deliver a clean uniform product in a
suitable form to the nextstage.

6. Blow room
• The blow room machinery performs
function of opening hard pressed
bales of cotton and cleaning the
cotton of impurities

7. Carding
• In carding, the lap is attenuated into a
sliver (about 100 draft)
• The fibres made parallel for the next
stage.

8. Drawing
• Drawing evens the sliver.
• It attenuate the sliver to desired count
• Doubling reduces mass CV

9. Roving
• Roving further attenuates the sliver to
above 7 draft.
• It makes the sliver useful to make yarn

10. Spinning
• There are two main types of spinning: ring
spinning and open-end or break spinning.
• In ring spinning the roving is further
attenuated by roller drafting to the fineness of
the yarn required, usually a draft of about 20
• and at the sametime twist is applied to give
the yarn the necessary strength.
• Full bobbins may be manually or automatically
doffed.

11. Cone winding
• Cone winding facilitates subsequent
processing by rewinding yarn onto a
large package
• and removing faults.

12. RE-WINDING MACHINE

13. Weaving technology covers:
• 􀁺 Preparatory Weaving process
• 􀁺 Types of Yarn Packages
• 􀁺 Yarn Winding
• 􀁺 Winding Machines
• 􀁺 Warp Preparation
• 􀁺 Weaving as a Fabric Formation Process
• 􀁺 Weaving Operations
• 􀁺 Picking Mechanisms

14. Preparatory Weaving Processes
􀁺 Yarn Preparation
􀁺 Warp preparation
􀁺 Warp Installation
􀁺 Weft Preparation

15. TYPE OF CONE

16. Warping
• To make bigger package to supply
warp yarn
• Yarn with uniform tension

17. Sizing
• The purpose of sizing to increase
weaving resistance
• Resistance against abrasion

18. Drawing in
• The drawing-in of the sized warp
threads through the heddles, reeds
and drop-wires of the loom
• May be done either manually by a pair
of workers

19. Weaving
• Interlace between two sets of yarn
• Weaving is the crossing of yarns at
right angles or strips of other
materials to produce a flat, more or
less compact surface.

20. Woven fabrics

21. WEAVING EQUIPMENT

22. Woven structures Plain weave

23. Woven structures
Twill weave
Twill weave, the secondbasic
weave, is characterized by
diagonal lines running at angles
varying between 15° and 75°. A
twill weave is denoted by using
numbers above and bellow a line
(such as 2/1 twill which may be
interpreted as two up and one
down in the shedding sequence).

24. Woven structure
Satin and Sateen weave
Sateen weave is the third basic
weave, in which the interlacing
points are arranged in a similar
way to twill weaves but without
showing the twill line. The satin
weave is warp face weave and
the sateen is a filling face weave.
Fig. Shows 5 ends (Harness)
satin. In this case, the repeat is on
5 ends x 5 picks.

25. Selvages