The document provides information about Kakadu National Park in Australia. It is a UNESCO World Heritage listed site that has been home to Aboriginal people for over 50,000 years, making it the oldest living culture. The park protects extraordinary biodiversity with diverse landscapes and habitats for many endemic plants and animals. Conservation efforts focus on preventing wildfires, managing crocodiles, and protecting natural habitats and Aboriginal culture.

2.  Capital: Canberra
 Australia officially the Commonwealth of Australia,is a country
comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island
of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.
 Largest city: Sydney
 It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area.
 Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea;
the Solomon Islands, and New Zealand.
 In 2012 Australia had the world's fifth-highest per capita income
 Currency: Australian dollar
 Sports: The number one watched sport in Australia isAustralian Rules
Football (AFL). National Rugby League (NRL) is also very popular.
Australia is a nation of swimmers and Olympic medals attest to our
performance in the pool. Cricket and Australia Open tennis also famous
sports.
 The Dreamtime is the sacred „time before time‟ of the world‟s creation.
According to Aboriginal belief, ancestors descended from the sky
andcreated the sun, moon and stars, mountains, rivers, trees and
waterholes and changed into human and animal forms. Spirit ancestors
connect this ancient past with the present and future through every
aspect of Aboriginal culture. Rock art, craft and bark painting reveal
Dreamtime stories, mark territory and record history, while songs tell of
Dreamtime journeys. Similarly, traditional dances reveal creation
myths, enact the deeds of Dreamtime heroes and even recent historical
events.
 sun and surf or to sail, parasail, fish, snorkel, scuba dive and beach
comb are adventure activites for Australians
 Australia has no official language, English is the most common
language.
 Australian National Airways (ANA) was Australia‟ s predominant carrier.
 Australia is a constitutional monarchy, Queen of England is the Monarch
under the common wealth realms

3.  Australia‟s Aboriginal people were thought to have arrived here by boat from South East
Asia during the last Ice Age, at least 50,000 years ago. At the time of European discovery
and settlement, up to one million Aboriginal people lived across the continent as hunters
and gatherers.
 A number of European explorers sailed the coast of Australia, then known as New
Holland, in the 17th century. In 1770, Captain James Cook came to Australia and claimed
it for Britain. The new outpost was put to use as a penal colony and on 26 January
1788, the First Fleet of 11 ships carrying 1,500 people – half of them convicts – arrived in
Sydney Harbour. Until penal transportation ended in 1868, 160,000 men and women came
to Australia as convicts.
 While free settlers began to flow in from the early 1790s, life for prisoners was harsh.
 By the 1820s, many soldiers, officers freed prisoners and they received land from the
government which they turned into flourishing farms. News of Australia‟s cheap land was
bringing more and more boatloads of adventurous m igrants from Britain.
 Gold was discovered in New South Wales and central Victoria in 1851, luring thousands of
young men and some adventurous young women from the colonies.
 Australia‟s six states became a nation under a single constitution on 1 January 1901.

4.  New Zealand passport holders can apply for a visa upon arrival in the country. All other
passport holders must apply for a visa before leaving home.
 A temporary visa allowing a stay in Australia of up to three or six or 12 months.
 In the financial year 2010/11, the tourism industry represented 2.5% of Australia‟ s GDP at a
value of approximately $35 billion to the national economy. Tourism contributing $94.8 million
a day to the Australian economy. Domestic tourism was responsible for 73% of the total
direct tourism GDP.
 Popular Australian destinations include the coastal cities of Sydney and Melbourne, as well
as other high profile destinations including regional Queensland, the Gold Coast and
the Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest reef. Uluru and the Australian outback are other
popular locations, as is Tasmanian wilderness
 The cool temperate rainforest of the World Heritage-listed Tasmanian wilderness contains
some of the oldest trees on the planet
 The Daintree Rainforest in north Queensland is the oldest tropical rainforest on earth
 Australia‟s best-known animals are the kangaroo, koala, platypus and spiny anteater. Of
more than 700 bird species listed in Australia, 400 – including the large, flightless emu – are
found nowhere else.

5.  The capital city of Australia has national museums, tourist
attractions, historical sites and many natural wonders
 Floriade is Australia's "Celebration of Spring", and is a world-class
floral exhibition. More than a million blooms go into the show, which
stretches from mid September to Mid October. There are also
horticultural workshops, music, local artistry and events that include
the specacular Floriade NightFest.
 The Australian War Memorial is a must-see museum. It has gallery
exhibits, memorabilia, personal stories, combat displays, research
facilities and a sculpture garden.
 The National Museum details Australian history and culture via
interactive displays, high-tech exhibits and many art galleries. The
museum also features several restaurants, theaters and a resource
center.
 Parliament House is a constant crowd-pleaser with free guided tours
that begin every thirty minutes. The building is an architectural
wonder. There's an incredible collection of 4,000 works of art in these
hallowed halls.
 The Australian National Botanic Gardens is home to rock
gardens, native plants, eucalyptus lawns and its own rainforest.

6.  It stretches more than 2,000 kilometres along the Queensland coast, from the mainland towns of
Port Douglas to Bundaberg. It is a UNESCO heritage site.
 The Great Barrier Reef contains the world‟s largest collection of coral reefs, with 400 types of
coral, 1,500 species of fish and 4,000 types of mollusc. It also holds great scientific interest as the
habitat of species such as the dugong („sea cow‟) and the large green turtle, which are
threatened with extinction
 It consists of 900 islands
 There are a diverse range of tourism operations in the Great Barrier Reef including day
tours, overnight and extended tours, snorkelling, scuba diving and fishing charters, long range
roving tours, aircraft or helicopter tours, bare boats (self-sail), glass-bottomed boat viewing, semi-
submersibles and educational trips, cruise ships, beach hire and water sports, passenger
ferries, whale watching and swimming with dolphins.
 The Great Barrier Reef has long been known to and used by the Aboriginal Australian and Torres
Strait Islander peoples, and is an important part of local groups' cultures and spirituality.
 The reef is a very popular destination for tourists, especially in the Whitsunday Islands and Cairns
regions. Tourism is an important economic activity for the region, generating over $3 billion per
year.
 Coral reefs are diverse ecosystems made of tiny living animals, called corals.Corals are
soft, stationary animals. When the corals die, they leave behind hard structures that are the basis
of the reef

7.  By 2100 the world will have only 30% of it‟s coral reefs.
Lots of the species that are native to the Great Barrier
Reef, and only found there, are in danger.
 Great barrier reef is in danger because of Toxic
Spills, Over-fishing, hunting, Natural Disasters, such as
hurricanes, and tropical storms, due to pesticides and
fertilizers as well as climate change.
 Tourists rip pieces of the coral, and polyps from the reef.
Suntan lotions and oils wash off and cause damage to
the reef. Boats drop anchors in the reef and cause
physical damage. Increases pollution, also Littering:
leaving foreign things in the reef.n Fishes may ingest
harmful matter Chemicals in the litter can be harmful.
Propellers hit marine animals, such as endangered
dugongs and turtles. Snorkel fins damage corals when
stricken

8.  Capital city of Queensland in Australia.
 Brisbane is a great gateway to eastern Australia‟s
splendid coastline.
 Brisbane is named after the Brisbane River on which it is
located
 Tourism plays a major role in Brisbane's economy, being
the third-most popular destination for international
tourists after Sydney and Melbourne
 Popular tourist and recreation areas in Brisbane include
the South Bank Parklands, Roma Street
Parkland, the City Botanic Gardens, Brisbane Forest
Park and Portside Wharf.
 The Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary opened in 1927 and
was the world's first koala sanctuary.
 The suburb of Mount Coot-tha is home to a popular
state forest, and the Brisbane Botanic Gardens. The
"Tsuki-yama-chisen" Japanese Garden.
 Brisbane has over 27 km (16.8 mi) of bicycle
pathways, mostly surrounding the Brisbane river and
city centre, exte
 nding to the west of the city. Boating excursions to
Moreton Bay are more common. Other popular
recreation activities include the Story Bridge adventure
climb and rock climbing at the Kangaroo Point cliffs.

9.  Gold Coast is a modern city of glittering high-rise buildings, built
around superb beaches, including the world renowned „Surfers
Paradise‟.
 Sixth largest city
 Along with endless stretches of golden beaches, there are
international theme parks, designer boutiques, luxurious spa
retreats, world-class golf courses, award-winning
restaurants, upmarket bars and lively nightclubs.
 Whale-watch, island-hop are popular tourist activities. Australia's
most biologically diverse regions, the lush rainforest-cloaked
hinterland with World Heritage-listed national parks such as
Lamington, Border Ranges, Main Range and Nightcap.

10. Day 1: Take on sun and fun
 Kickstart your day with a swim or surf off Main Beach, followed by breakfast in one of
the stylish cafes. Walk near the luxury yachts and waterfront mansions, take a surfing
lesson and ride the waves of The Spit or snorkel or dive the wreck of the Scottish
Prince. From Main Beach, it‟s a short walk to the beachfront sky-rises of Surfers
Paradise. Heading south, you‟ll get another view of the Surfers skyline from the
headland of Burleigh Heads. Relax on the beachfront grass, beneath rows of pines
and palms, or follow one of the walking trails through Burleigh Heads National Park.
When retail cravings hit, trawl the designer stores or evening markets in Surfers
Paradise. Dine in Broadbeach or next door Mermaid Beach before heading back to
Surfers Paradise where you can experience the energetic, neon-lit nightlife.
Day 2: Get some theme park thrills
 Buy a theme park pass – your ticket for a day of wildlife interaction and hair-raising
excitement. Visit Dreamworld, where you can watch the Wiggles perform and meet
koalas, wombats and kangaroos in the huge native wildlife park. Ride through the
rapids on a hollowed log, take a scenic helicopter flight or try the first Australian
motorbike rollercoaster. Alternatively, head to Sea World, where you can swim with
dolphins and get up close to seals. Get your thrills on huge, movie-themed rides at
Movie World or hit the giant wave pool in Wet „n‟ Wild camels, horses, sheep, dogs
and cattle. Depending on your energy levels in the eveniWater Park. Shear a
sheep, pat a koala and taste bush tucker at an Aussie farm theme park. You can
even see the dust fly in an action-packed outback extravaganza, featuring ng, jump
on a cabaret cruise from Main Beach Marina or have a quiet meal in Coolangatta.
Day 3: Head to the hinterland
 Join a four-wheel-drive eco tour to the World Heritage-listed rainforests of the Gold
Coast hinterland. Walk through the rainforest canopy or along part of the Border Track
in the ecological haven of Lamington National Park. You‟ll pass ancient Antarctic
beech trees, thundering waterfalls and a wild array of native animals and birds. Listen
for the popping call of the masked mountain frog and see the rufous scrub-bird, a
species that was alive with the dinosaurs. Spot
echidnas, bandicoots, platypus, possums and flying-foxes in Border Ranges National
Park, home to Australia‟s highest concentration of marsupial species. Take in the
expansive wilderness from Goomburra in Main Range National Park or hike past
sparkling creeks to Minyon Falls in Nightcap National Park. In the evening, return to
the Gold Coast or head north for a night in the rural idyll of Mount Tamborine. Jump
out to see the famous cascades of Mount Tamborine National Park along the way.

11.  Fraser Island is a heritage-listed island located along the
southern coast of Queensland, Australia
 The island is considered to be the largest sand island in the
world
 Fraser Island is home to a huge rainforests which have
mammal species, birds, reptiles and amphibians, saltwater
crocodile. The island is part of the Fraser Coast Region and
protected in the Great Sandy National Park.
 The island can be reached by a ferry.
 Fraser island is very popular for the tourists for it‟s
fishing, camping and trekking tours.
 It is very popular because of dingo sightings.
Environmental Problems
 The use of boardwalks and marked tracks by visitors is
encouraged to reduce erosion.
 Urinating tourists have created environmental problems in
Fraser Island lakes and on coastal dunes. The foredunes are
used as a toilet by bush campers.
 Water quality in some lakes is being affected by storm water
run-off from dune roads, and by swimmers' use of
sunscreen.
 "Central Station", which was formerly the hub of the forestry
industry when there was logging on Fraser Island, is now a
popular tourist destination. Some of the rarest ferns grow in
the rainforest near the location.

12.  Tropical rainforest region on the north east coast
of Queensland
 Daintree region there are many natural and often unique
features to be explored.
 The landscape is one of striking diversity including
magnificent scenery, mountain ranges, fast flowing
streams and waterfalls, deep gorges and dense rainforest.
 There is outstanding coastal scenery that combines
tropical rainforest, white sandy beaches and fringing reefs
just offshore. This is an extremely rare combination.
 Also a UNESCO heritage site.

13.  It is a World Heritage listed for both its environment and our living Aboriginal culture.
 It has been home to Aboriginal people for more than 50,000 years. It is the oldest living culture on
earth.
 More than half the park is Aboriginal land, and all of Kakadu is special to its traditional owners.
Kakadu‟s traditional owners manage the park
 Some of aboriginals live in the towns and
 Kakadu National Park is a timeless place – a land of extraordinary ecological and biological diversity.
Mangrove fringed coastal areas blend into expansive flood plains, lowland hills flanked to the east by
sandstone escarpments, all interwoven between various open woodland and forest habitats. The land
takes on different forms and different colours with the passing of each season. This diversity also
supports an astonishing array of plants and animals endemic to Kakadu.
Conservation
 Prevent wildfire
There are provisions for smoking zones and also proper facilities to see that all the cigarettes are thrown in
bins and are not left burnt. Also it is made sure that there is no flammable material near a camp site to
avoid fires.
 Prevent the spread of weeds
There are proper tracks and roads made for the use of vehicles to get around the park. There are certain
quarantine areas where tourists are not allowed. So they don‟t disturb the naturl habitat.
 Let's keep Kakadu wild
Animals are not fed unnaturally to protect their digestion. Propers bins are provided to avoid littering.
 Estuarine crocodile management
Kakadu is aimed at minimising the danger of crocodile attack while at the same time ensuring the
protection of crocodile populations. Throughout the year park staff carry out crocodile surveys in all
the major waterways to obtain data on distribution, numbers and size.

14. Respecting culture
 Aboriginal culture has a set of social behaviours and customs which are
considered good manners.
 Traditionally, Aboriginal people (Bininj/Mungguy) do not greet each other every
time they meet.
 Many Bininj/Mungguy do not use personal names as freely as non-Aboriginal
people do and we often address each other by kinship terms
 Bininj/Mungguy appreciate privacy. It is good manners not to take photographs
of us without permission
 Some Bininj/Mungguy find constant eye contact uncomfortable
 In Bininj/Mungguy culture it is important to listen carefully and consider the
response carefully before giving an answer
 It is polite to say goodbye when leaving.
 Show respect by not entering restricted areas. They may be sacred
sites, ceremonial sites, burial grounds or even someone's home.

15.  It is a popular travel destination for
foreign tourists because of its tropical
climate. It serves as a starting point for
people wanting to visit the Great Barrier
Reef and Far North Queensland.
 Cairns tours includes a swimming lagoon
with adjoining barbecue areas.
 Several shopping centres of various sizes
are located throughout Cairns.

16.  Tourism in forms an important part of the city's economy.
 The most well known attractions include the Sydney Opera
House, and the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Other attractions include
the Sydney Mardi Gras, Royal Botanical Gardens, Luna
Park, the beaches and Sydney Tower.
 Sydney also has several popular museums, such as the Australian
Museum (natural history and anthropology), the Powerhouse
Museum (science, technology and design), the Art Gallery of
New South Wales, the Museum of Contemporary Art and
the Australian National Maritime Museum.

17.  The is a mountainous region in New South Wales
 It is a UNESCO heritage listings
 The Blue Mountains are a popular destination for Rock
Climbers, Mountain Bikers and Hikers as well as canyoning and
other adventure sports. These sports are well catered for by
guiding companies and equipment stores located mainly
in Katoomba.
 Mountain biking takes place mainly on the many fire trails that
branch away from the main spine of the Great Western
Highway, such as Narrow Neck, Anderson's Fire Trail and others.
 Canyoning in the Blue Mountains is a popular sport and caters
for various skill levels

18.  Melbourne is capital of a state called Victoria
 Melbourne has a wide variety of
attractions, facilities, activities, such as sporting
events and cultural and fashion events which
are popular with tourists.
 Federation Square is a major meeting place in
Melbourne. as well as exhibition
spaces, auditoriums, restaurants, bars and
shops. Large crowds frequently watch
concerts, cultural and various sporting events
on the square's large electronic screen
located in one of two public areas.
 The Melbourne Cricket Ground, known as "the
MCG" or simply the "G“
 Eureka Skydeck, is the highest viewing platform
in the southern hemisphere and is located in
Eureka Tower. Eureka Tower is the tallest
residential building in the world. The
observation deck includes a glass cube ride
that projects three meters from the side of the
building.

19.  The Twelve Apostles is a collection
of limestone stacks off the shore of the Port
Campbell National park. Their proximity to one
another has made the site a popular tourist
attraction.
 The apostles were formed by erosion: the harsh
and extreme weather conditions from
the Southern Ocean gradually eroded the soft
limestone to form caves in the cliffs, which then
became arches, which in turn collapsed;
leaving rock stacks up to 45 metres high.

20.  Adelaide is the capital city of South Australia. In Adelaide, you
can enjoy stylish architecture, boutique shopping, sandy
swimming beaches, fabulous arts events, nightlife, fine
dining, and some of Australia‟s best cafe strips.
 Its population is slightly over 1 million, which makes it by far the
largest city in the otherwise sparsely populated state. It is also
known for having the conveniences of a large city, while at the
same time being far less cosmopolitan than the “Big Four”.
 Adelaide is centrally located among the wine regions of
McLaren Vale, Barossa Valley and Clare Valley, all of which are
within day-trip distance.

21.  Kangaroo Island is Australia's third-
largest island,after Tasmania and Melville Island.
Some of the most popular tourist spots are:
 Seal Bay with ranger guided walks among basking
Australian sea lions.
 Flinders Chase National Park which
includes Remarkable Rocks, Admiral's
Arch, lighthouses at Cape Borda and Cape du
Couedic and multiple walking trails and camping
areas.
 Cape Willoughby
 Kelly Hill Caves
 Little Sahara, huge sand dunes on the south coast.
 Murray Lagoon with its abundant aquatic bird life.
 Kangaroo Island Penguin Centre (formerly Kangaroo
Island Marine Centre) at Kingscote.
 Raptor Domain (In-flight bird of prey presentation and
reptile show)
 The Hanson Bay Wildlife Sanctuary koala walk and
Nocturnal tour offer visitors a chance to see the local
wildlife.

22.  The Yarra Valley is home to more than 80 wineries, ranging from small, family-owned operations to
large estates. The region is renowned for producing Australia‟s finest pinot noir and sparkling
wine, along with a range of other cool-climate wines. It was Victoria's first planted wine region
back in 1838. The region is known for its fresh produce including freshwater salmon, trout and
caviar, organically grown fruit and vegetables and handmade cheeses and preserves. Follow one
of the many self-drive wine trails and fill your picnic hamper on the Yarra Valley Food Trail or at the
many huge, fresh food markets.
 The region is known for its fresh produce including freshwater salmon, trout and caviar, organically
grown fruit and vegetables and handmade cheeses and preserves.
 The Yarra Valley also has a long history of making beer, and local craft brewers welcome visitors to
their micro-breweries to sample their beers and ciders.
 The beauty of the Yarra Valley‟s changing seasons inspired many of Australia‟s early landscape
painters.
 At Healesville Sanctuary you can see the largest collection of Australian native wildlife, including
spectacular birds of prey, dingoes, koalas, kangaroos and wombats. Take a drive through the
Black Spur to the charming village of Marysville.
 In February, top chefs from many of the wineries host feasts accompanied by live music at the
Yarra Valley Grape Grazing Festival.