The Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) was adopted in 2012 and is one of the EU’s four key Directives addressing energy efficiency in stationary (i.e. non transport) end-uses (the others being the Energy Performance in Buildings Directive, The Ecodesign Directive and the Energy Labelling Directive). Given that the other Directives cover the energy performance of buildings and equipment the EED is designed to address energy savings opportunities that are not readily addressed by the other Directives. It has its origin in the preceding Energy Services Directive, which was repealed when the EED was adopted. The Energy Efficiency Directive establishes a set of binding measures intended to help the EU reach its 20% energy efficiency target by 2020. Under the Directive, all EU countries are required to use energy more efficiently at all stages of the energy chain from its production to its final consumption. EU countries were required to transpose the Directive's provisions into their national laws by 5 June 2014.

1. INTRODUCTION TO THE EU’s
ENERGY EFFICIENCY DIRECTIVE
INTRODUCTION TO THE EU’s
ENERGY EFFICIENCY DIRECTIVE
Paul Waide – Waide Strategic Efficiency Ltd
EUROPEAN SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & CLIMATE POLICY
April 17th 2015

2. Summary of talkSummary of talk
- Context - EU energy profile and macro policy
- Context - energy flows and barriers to EE
- EU energy efficiency policy instruments
- Background to the EED
- The principal articles
- Progress in implementation and savings
- Gaps and Next steps
2

3. Context – energy in the EUContext – energy in the EU
- EU imports 53% of its energy, which makes it the largest energy
importer in the world, at a cost of 400 billion euro a year
- Collectively, EU MS spend almost €110 bn per year – directly or
indirectly – on energy subsidies
- Buildings (households and services) consumed almost 40% of final
energy consumption (of which 26% for households), transport 32% (+6
points compared to 1990) followed by industry with 26% (-8 points
compared to 1990) and agriculture with 2%
- 66% of EU gas and 90% of oil consumption is imported
- Many MS – especially those dependent on a single supplier or a single
supply route - remain vulnerable to supply shocks
- 90% of EU housing stock is deemed to be energy inefficient
Yet the EU is one of the world’s most energy-efficient regions
3

4. Overarching policy goals – EU energy/GHG
targets
Overarching policy goals – EU energy/GHG
targets
- The three E’s - Energy security, Economic Efficiency and the
Environment
- Energy Union paper talks of “A more integrated, secure, competitive
and sustainable European energy system”
- The EU has set itself a 20% energy savings target by 2020 when
compared to the projected use of energy in 2020 – roughly equivalent
to turning off 400 power stations
- Targets of a 20% reduction in GHG emissions and 20% of energy supply
to come from RE are legally binding – the EE target is not!
- At an EU summit in October 2014, EU countries agreed on a new, non
–binding, energy efficiency target of 27% or greater by 2030
4

5. Energy efficiency is the “Biggest Fuel”:
historical impact for IEA-11
Energy efficiency is the “Biggest Fuel”:
historical impact for IEA-11
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1973 1980 1990 2000 2004
EJ
Actual energy use
Hypothetical energy use
without efficiency improvements
Savings
Actual energy use
Energy savings due to energy efficiency improvements
~5.5 Gt CO2

6. Generic barriers to energy savingsGeneric barriers to energy savings
Barrier Effect Remedial policy tools
VISIBILITY
EE is not measured EE is invisible and ignored Test procedures/measurement protocols/efficiency
metrics
EE is not visible to end users &
service procurers
EE is invisible and ignored Ratings/labels/disclosure/benchmarking/audits/real-
time measurement and reporting
PRIORITY
Low awareness of the value
proposition among service
procurers
EE is undervalued Awareness-raising and communication efforts
Energy expenditure is a low
priority
EE is bundled-in with more
important capital decision factors
Regulation, mechanisms to decouple EE actions from
other concerns
ECONOMY
Split incentives EE is undervalued Regulation, mechanisms to create EE financing
incentives for those not paying all or any of the
energy bill
Scarce investment capital or
competing capital needs
Underinvestment in EE Stimulation of capital supply for EE investments,
incubation and support of new EE business and
financing models, incentives
Energy consumption and supply
subsidies
Unfavourable market conditions
for EE
Removal of subsidies
Unfavourable perception and
treatment of risk
EE project financing cost is
inflated, energy price risk under-
estimated
Mechanisms to underwrite EE project risk, raise
awareness of energy volatility risk, inform/train
financial profession
CAPACITY
Limited know-how on
implementing energy-saving
measures
EE implementation is constrained Capacity-building programmes
Limited government resources to
support implementation
Barriers addressed more slowly
FRAGMENTATION
EE is more difficult to implement
collectively
Energy consumption is split among
many diverse end uses and users
Targeted regulations and other EE enhancement
policies and measures
Separation of energy supply and
demand business models
Energy supply favoured over
energy service
Favourable regulatory frameworks that reward
energy service provision over supply
Fragmented and under-developed
supply chains
Availability of EE is limited and it is
more difficult to implement
Market transformation programmes
Abbreviation: EE = energy efficiency.
6

7. Context - The four principal EE DirectivesContext - The four principal EE Directives
7
Ecodesign
Directive
Energy Labelling
Directive
Energy
Performance in
Buildings
Directive
Energy Efficiency
Directive
EU directives
on energy
efficiency

8. Transport, Industry, Power Sector DirectivesTransport, Industry, Power Sector Directives
Industrial sector:
- EUETS, Industrial Emissions Directive + EED
Power sector:
- EUETS
Transport sector:
- White Paper on Transport (2011) -Aims a.o. at cutting carbon
emissions in transport by 60% by 2050
- CO2 emissions from cars and vans - Regulation (EC) 443/2009 +
Regulation (EC) 510/2011; implementation completed
- CO2 emissions from heavy duty vehicles fuel consumption - On-going
discussion on basis of strategy adopted in May 2014
- CO2 emissions from maritime transport - Communication (2013) 479;
political agreement in December 2014 - 1st step: report emissions
- Tyre labelling directive
8

9. 9
ED, EPBD, ELD
ETS
IED
Regs
443/
2009,
510/
2011
TLD
EED
2012/27/EU

10. Energy flows in the EUEnergy flows in the EU
10

11. EED Background – ECCPEED Background – ECCP
- In June 2000 the Commission launched the first European Climate
Change Programme (ECCP) with a goal of identifying and developing
all the necessary elements of an EU strategy to implement the Kyoto
Protocol
- The development of the first ECCP (2000-2004) involved all the
relevant groups of stakeholders working together, including
representatives from the Commission’s different departments (DGs),
the Member States, industry and environmental groups
- The second European Climate Change Programme (ECCP II) was
launched in October 2005
- It included a proposal to develop an Energy Services Directive that
would promote demand side efficiency by removing barriers that
prevent the satisfactory functioning of the market for goods and
services related to the efficient end-use of energy
11

12. Energy Services DirectiveEnergy Services Directive
Energy Services Directive 2006/32/EC of April 2006 specified:
- Establishment of non-binding MS savings targets in terms of annual
reductions in energy intensity of final demand (9% savings over 9
years) – derivation of a methodology
- MS to draw up programmes and measures to improve energy
efficiency and appoint an agency to oversee delivery
- MS to ensure that energy efficiency improvement measures are taken
by the public sector
- MS to ensure energy distributers/DSOs/retailers offer energy
services/audits or EE funding mechanisms and either abide by
voluntary agreements or schemes such as white certificates are set
up
12

13. Energy Services DirectiveEnergy Services Directive
Energy Services Directive 2006/32/EC of April 2006 specified:
- Article 7 - Availability of information
- Article 8 - Availability of qualification, accreditation and certification
schemes
- Article 9 - Financial instruments for energy savings
- Article 10 - Energy efficient tariffs and other regulations for net-
bound energy
- Article 11 - Funds and funding mechanisms
- Article 12 - Energy audits
- Article 13 - Metering and informative billing of energy consumption
- Article 14 – MS to submit Energy efficiency action plans every 3 years
(Jan 2008, Jan 2012, Jan 2015)
13

14. Energy Efficiency Directive - 2012/27/EUEnergy Efficiency Directive - 2012/27/EU
- merges and replaces the ESD and CHP Directives (Directive
2004/8/EC)
Addresses:
- NEEAPS
- Energy efficiency obligations
- Building renovations and public sector buildings
- SMEs and energy audits
- Public procurement
- Metering/Billing and information
- Heating and cooling (DHC, CHP/cogeneration, microgeneration)
- Energy services
- Transformation, transmission and distribution
- Training, accreditation, certification
- Funding and financing
14

15. Article 4 - Building renovation strategyArticle 4 - Building renovation strategy
Provisions:
- MS shall establish a long-term strategy for mobilising investment
in the renovation of the national building stock
- This strategy shall encompass:
- (a) an overview of the national building stock based, as appropriate,
on statistical sampling;
- (b) identification of cost-effective approaches to renovations relevant
to the building type and climatic zone;
- (c) policies and measures to stimulate cost-effective deep
renovations of buildings, including staged deep renovations;
- (d) a forward-looking perspective to guide investment decisions of
individuals, the construction industry and financial institutions;
- (e) an evidence-based estimate of expected energy savings and wider
benefits
- To be published by end April 2014
15

16. Article 5 - Exemplary role of public bodies’
buildings
Article 5 - Exemplary role of public bodies’
buildings
Provisions:
- MS shall ensure from 1 January 2014, 3 % of the total floor area of
heated and/or cooled buildings owned and occupied by its central
government is renovated each year to meet at least EPBD minimum
code levels
- The 3 % rate shall be calculated on the total floor area of occupied
buildings with a total useful floor area over 500 m2 (250 m2 from
2015) and not meeting the EPBD levels
- MS may opt for an alternative approach whereby they take other
measures, including deep renovations and measures for behavioural
change of occupants, to achieve equivalent savings in central
government buildings by 2020
- MS shall encourage public bodies, inc. at regional and local level, and
social housing bodies governed by public law to: adopt energy
efficiency plans; implement energy management; use ESCOs/EPCs to
finance renovations and implement EE plans
16

17. Article 6 - Purchasing by public bodiesArticle 6 - Purchasing by public bodies
MS shall:
- ensure that central governments purchase only products, services
and buildings with high energy-efficiency performance, insofar as
that is consistent with cost-effectiveness, economical feasibility,
wider sustainability, technical suitability, as well as sufficient
competition, as referred to in Annex III
- encourage public bodies, including at regional and local levels, to
follow the exemplary role of their central governments to purchase
only products, services and buildings with high energy-efficiency
performance
- encourage public bodies, when tendering service contracts with
significant energy content, to assess the possibility of concluding
long- term energy performance contracts that provide long-term
energy savings
17

18. Article 7 – Energy efficiency obligation schemesArticle 7 – Energy efficiency obligation schemes
Member states:
- shall set up an energy efficiency obligation scheme to ensure that
energy distributors and/or retail energy sales companies achieve a
cumulative end-use energy savings target by 31 December 2020, at
least equivalent to achieving new savings each year from 1
January 2014 to 31 December 2020 of 1.5 % of the annual energy
sales to final customers of all energy distributors or all retail energy
sales companies by volume, averaged over the most recent three-year
period prior to 1 January 2013
- may exclude from the calculation all or part of the sales, by volume,
of energy used in industrial activities listed in Annex I to Directive
2003/87/EC; and transport fuels
- may allow savings achieved in the energy transformation, distribution
and transmission sectors, including efficient DH/C infrastructure, or
due to individual actions implemented since 31 December 2008 to
count towards the target’s attainment
- shall publish the energy savings achieved by each obligated party
annually
18

19. Article 7 – EEOs continuedArticle 7 – EEOs continued
- The amount of energy savings to fulfil the obligation shall be
achieved by the obligated parties among final customers, either
designated by the MS or through certified savings stemming from
other parties
- MS shall put in place measurement, control and verification
systems under which at least a statistically significant proportion and
representative sample of the energy efficiency improvement
measures put in place by the obligated parties is verified. To be
conducted independently of the obligated parties.
- As an alternative to EEOs MS may opt to take other policy measures
to achieve energy savings among final customers providing the
overall savings target is met or use a hybrid EEO/alternative savings
route
- These could include: energy or CO2 taxes; financing schemes, fiscal
incentives, regulations or voluntary agreements that lead to the
application of energy-efficient technology or techniques; standards
and norms that aim at improving the energy efficiency of products
and services; labelling; training and education – providing these are
additional to obligations under EU law – double counting is prohibited
19

20. Growing no. of utility energy efficiency
obligation (EEO) schemes in the EU
Growing no. of utility energy efficiency
obligation (EEO) schemes in the EU
20
Driven through Article 7 of EED
Member States must report a 1.5%
annual energy savings target to be
achieved by their EEO and/or
alternative measures to 2020

21. Article 8 – Energy audits and energy management
systems
Article 8 – Energy audits and energy management
systems
MS shall:
- promote the availability to all final customers of high quality
energy audits which are cost-effective and either carried out in an
independent manner by qualified and/or accredited experts
according to qualification criteria; or implemented and supervised by
independent authorities under national legislation
- establish transparent and non-discriminatory minimum criteria for
energy audits (to guarantee their quality)
- develop programmes to encourage SMEs to undergo energy audits
and the subsequent implementation of the recommendations from
these audits
- may set up support schemes for SMEs, including if they have
concluded voluntary agreements, to cover costs of an energy audit
and of the implementation of highly cost-effective recommendations
from the energy audits, if the proposed measures are implemented
- develop programmes to raise awareness among households about the
benefits of such audits through appropriate advice services
21

22. Article 8 – Energy audits and energy management
systems continued
Article 8 – Energy audits and energy management
systems continued
- MS shall ensure that enterprises that are not SMEs are subject to
an energy audit by 5 December 2015 and at least every four
years from the date of the previous energy audit
- This can be part of a general environmental audit
- Enterprises that are not SMEs and that are implementing an energy or
environmental management system - certified by an independent
body according to the relevant European or International Standards -
shall be exempted
22

23. Article 9 – MeteringArticle 9 – Metering
- MS shall ensure that, in so far as it is technically possible, financially
reasonable and proportionate in relation to the potential energy
savings, final customers for electricity, natural gas, district heating,
district cooling and domestic hot water are provided with
competitively priced individual meters that accurately reflect the
final customer’s actual energy consumption and that provide
information on actual time of use
- This is to be done whenever: a meter is replaced or newly installed,
new connections are made, major renovations are done
- MS implement intelligent metering systems and roll out smart meters
for natural gas and/or electricity in accordance with Directives
2009/72/EC and 2009/73/EC: shall ensure that the metering systems
provide to final customers information on actual time of use and that
the objectives of energy efficiency and benefits for final
customers are fully taken into account when establishing the
minimum functionalities of the meters and the obligations imposed
on market participants
- ensure that the meter or meters can account for electricity put into
the grid from the final customer’s premises
23

24. Article 10+11 – Billing informationArticle 10+11 – Billing information
MS shall ensure that,
- by 31 December 2014, that billing information is accurate and
based on actual consumption. This is to be done whenever: a meter
is replaced or newly installed, new connections are made, major
renovations are done
- final customers have the possibility of easy access to complementary
information on historical consumption
- information and estimates for energy costs are provided to consumers
on demand in a timely manner and in an easily understandable
format enabling consumers to compare deals on a like-for-like
basis
- customers have free access to this billing information
24

25. Article 12 Consumer information and empowering
programme
Article 12 Consumer information and empowering
programme
MS shall:
- take appropriate measures to promote and facilitate an efficient
use of energy by small energy customers, including domestic
customers. These measures may be part of a national strategy. These
may include:
 (a) a range of instruments and policies to promote behavioural
change which may include: (i) fiscal incentives; (ii) access to finance,
grants or subsidies; (iii) information provision; (iv) exemplary
projects; (v) workplace activities
 (b) ways and means to engage consumers and consumer organisations
during the possible roll-out of smart meters through communication
of: (i) cost-effective and easy-to-achieve changes in energy use; (ii)
information on energy efficiency measures
25

26. Article 14 Promotion of efficiency in heating and
cooling
Article 14 Promotion of efficiency in heating and
cooling
MS shall:
- By 31 December 2015, Member States shall carry out and notify to the
Commission a comprehensive assessment of the potential for the
application of high-efficiency cogeneration and efficient district
heating and cooling. This shall take full account of the analysis of
the national potentials for high-efficiency cogeneration carried out
under Directive 2004/8/EC
- adopt policies which encourage the due taking into account at local
and regional levels of the potential of using efficient heating and
cooling systems, in particular those using high-efficiency
cogeneration. Account shall be taken of the potential for developing
local and regional heat markets.
- carry out a cost-benefit analysis covering their territory based on
climate conditions, economic feasibility and technical suitability
- take adequate measures for efficient district heating and cooling
infrastructure to be developed and/or to accommodate the
development of high-efficiency cogeneration and the use of heating
and cooling from waste heat and renewable energy sources – when
cost effective/viable
26

27. Article 20 - Energy Efficiency National Fund,
Financing and Technical Support
Article 20 - Energy Efficiency National Fund,
Financing and Technical Support
- MS shall facilitate the establishment of financing facilities, or use
of existing ones, for energy efficiency improvement measures to
maximise the benefits of multiple streams of financing.
- The Commission shall, where appropriate, directly or via the
European financial institutions, assist Member States in setting up
financing facilities and technical support schemes with the aim of
increasing energy efficiency in different sectors
- The Commission shall facilitate the exchange of best practice
between the competent national or regional authorities or bodies
- MSs may set up an Energy Efficiency National Fund. The purpose of
this fund shall be to support national energy efficiency initiatives
- Obligated parties under EEOs may donate to these funds by way of
meeting their obligations
- MS may use their revenues from annual emission allocations under
Decision No 406/2009/EC for the development of innovative financing
mechanisms to give practical effect to the objective in Article 5 of
improving the energy performance of buildings
27

28. Article 24 – Reporting (NEEAPS)Article 24 – Reporting (NEEAPS)
- By 30 April 2014, and every three years thereafter, Member States
shall submit National Energy Efficiency Action Plans
- These shall cover significant energy efficiency improvement measures
and expected and/ or achieved energy savings, including those in the
supply, transmission and distribution of energy as well as energy end-
use, in view of achieving the national energy efficiency targets
referred to in Article 3
- NEEAPs shall be complemented with updated estimates of expected
overall primary energy consumption in 2020, as well as estimated
levels of primary energy consumption in the sectors indicated
- Commission shall evaluate the annual reports and the National Energy
Efficiency Action Plans; assess the extent to which Member States
have made progress towards the achievement of the national energy
efficiency targets and towards implementation of the Directive; shall
send its assessment to the European Parliament and the Council. It
may issue recommendations to Member States
28

29. Progress – implementation of measuresProgress – implementation of measures
- A report on the implementation of the ESD was issued in January 2014
– it was late due to the late issuance of EEAPS
- 2nd EEAPs included:
 extensive building renovation programmes reported by 17 MS
 use of EU funds as well as revenues from the sale of Assigned Amount
Units (AAUs) under the Kyoto Protocol have been reported by a
number of MS
 Some MS included (and hence double-counted) impacts from ELD/ED
 EEOs now form a key part of efforts to encourage accelerated rates of
energy savings. Established white certificate schemes were reported
as being already operational in five Member States and 2 were
pending (currently 16 MS with EEOs, 10 with alternative routes)
 several MSs indicate the provision of model contracts for energy
services and introduction of legislation to open energy services in the
public sector to ESCOs
29

30. Progress – implementation of measuresProgress – implementation of measures
 Intermediate savings figures for various Member States show that
economic growth has a significant influence on energy efficiency
progress in the industry sector. A prolonged period of recession
experienced by several Member States since submitting their first
EEAPs has resulted in lower than expected rates of energy savings in
the sector
 In terms of the CHP Directive, the overall evolution of electricity
production from high-efficiency cogeneration shows a moderate
increase primarily due to the increase in district heating in the
residential, commercial and services sectors
 there has been steady growth in heat production from cogeneration
been since 2004
30

31. EED Progress – implementation of measuresEED Progress – implementation of measures
- 27 NEEAPS have now been submitted
- 19 annual energy reports submitted pursuant to NEEAPS
- 28 responses to Article 7 (EEOs) submitted
31

32. How much energy is being saved due to
ESD/EED?
How much energy is being saved due to
ESD/EED?
- The 2014 ESD evaluation showed total final energy savings for 2010 as
declared by the MS were approximately 59 Mtoe i.e. 35% higher than
the sum of the intermediate energy savings targets that had been
set by the 27 MS in their first EEAPs of 2008
- Declared intermediate savings levels ranged from 1.8% of reference
consumption in Lithuania to nearly 9% in Germany and Sweden where
the ESD indicative target for 2016 had effectively been reached at
the end of the intermediate period
- Total final energy savings of around 132 Mtoe were forecast for
2016, well in excess of the 9% indicative target of approximately
89 Mtoe
- However, some of these savings may be due to other policy measures
32

33. Overall EE trends in the EUOverall EE trends in the EU
- From 1990-2012, final energy efficiency increased by 25% in EU28
countries at an annual average rate of 1.3%/year
- This was driven by improvements in the industrial sector (1.7%/year)
and households (1.5%/year)
- Half of the energy gains achieved through high efficiency in the
household sector have been offset by an increasing number of
electrical appliances and larger homes
- One third of total savings in space heating in the residential sector is
due to new building codes, since a building built in 2012 consumed
approximately 40% less energy than one built in 1990
33

34. Energy efficiency trends by sectorEnergy efficiency trends by sector

35. EE trends in the EU from 2000 - 2012EE trends in the EU from 2000 - 2012
35Source: http://www.indicators.odyssee-mure.eu/online-indicators.html

36. Progress – how much energy is being saved?Progress – how much energy is being saved?
- According to the Energy Efficiency Communication of July 2014, the
EU is expected to achieve energy savings of 18%-19% by 2020 –
missing the 20% target by 1%-2%. However, if EU countries implement
all of the existing legislation on energy efficiency, the 20% target can
be reached without additional measures.
- The EU's drive towards a more energy efficient future has already
produced substantial benefits for Europeans. For instance:
 new buildings consume half the energy they did in the 1980s
 energy intensity in EU industry decreased by almost 19% between
2001 and 2011
 more efficient appliances are expected to save consumers €100
billion annually – about €465 per household – on their energy bills by
2020
 EU countries have committed themselves to rolling out close to 200
million smart meters for electricity and 45 million for gas by 2020,
facilitating greater savings for consumers
36

37. Progress – co-benefitsProgress – co-benefits
Additional co-benefits are expected in the future. They include:
 for every 1% improvement in energy efficiency, EU gas imports fall by
2.6%
 lower energy costs for people who live and work in energy efficient
buildings, as well as additional benefits such as improved air quality
and protection from external noise provided by energy efficient
windows
 business opportunities for European companies such as construction
firms and manufacturers of energy-using equipment
 new jobs in construction, manufacturing, research, and other
industries investing in energy efficiency
37

38. Gaps – what is still not covered in the EED?Gaps – what is still not covered in the EED?
- EE improvements are still voluntary not mandatory
- Many EED measures are rather qualitative and open
- Doubts remain about the integrity/validity of the MV&E process and
EE indicators tracking progress
- Building refurbishment may be too slow and too shallow to keep pace
with post 2020 EE objectives
- Energy using equipment systems e.g. lighting, HVAC, motors, cables
and controls are not sufficiently addressed under existing Directives
- The measures that stimulate energy audits fall short of full energy
management and information alone is likely to be insufficient
- Smart meters are insufficient to empower savings – improvements in
building automation and control have greater promise
38

39. Next stepsNext steps
- The new Commission’s Energy Union paper asserts that improving
energy efficiency is the highest priority
- The EED will be reviewed in 2016 (Ecodesign/ELD in 2015, EPBD in
2016) – an opportunity to strengthen its provisions
- In February the European Commission held a major conference on
heating and cooling and the Commission is preparing a heating and
cooling strategy to be issued later this year
39

40. Links and Contacts
Paul Waide – Director
Waide Strategic Efficiency Ltd
4 Winster Avenue
Manchester M202YG
UK
Tel: +44 161 883 0508
Mb: +44 7794 141 848
Em: paul@waide.co.uk

41. Article 15 Energy transformation, transmission
and distribution
Article 15 Energy transformation, transmission
and distribution
MS shall ensure:
- that national energy regulatory authorities, through the development
of network tariffs and regulations, within the framework of Directive
2009/72/EC and taking into account the costs and benefits of each
measure, provide incentives for grid operators to make available
system services to network users permitting them to implement
energy efficiency improvement measures in the context of the
continuing deployment of smart grids
- the removal of those incentives in transmission and distribution
tariffs that are detrimental to the overall efficiency (including energy
efficiency) of the generation, transmission, distribution and supply of
electricity or those that might hamper participation of demand
response, in balancing markets and ancillary services procurement
- network operators are incentivised to improve efficiency in
infrastructure design and operation, and that tariffs allow suppliers
to improve consumer participation in system efficiency, including
demand response, depending on national circumstances
41

42. Article 15 Energy transformation, transmission
and distribution continued
Article 15 Energy transformation, transmission
and distribution continued
MS shall:
- (a) guarantee the transmission and distribution of electricity from
high-efficiency cogeneration;
- (b) provide priority or guaranteed access to the grid of electricity
from high-efficiency cogeneration;
- (c) when dispatching electricity generating installations, provide
priority dispatch of electricity from high-efficiency cogeneration in so
far as the secure operation of the national electricity system permits.
42

43. Article 16 Availability of qualification,
accreditation and certification schemes
Article 16 Availability of qualification,
accreditation and certification schemes
Where a Member State considers that the national level of technical
competence, objectivity and reliability is insufficient, it shall ensure
that:
- by 31 December 2014, certification and/or accreditation schemes
and/or equivalent qualification schemes, including, where necessary,
suitable training programmes, become or are available for providers
of energy services, energy audits, energy managers and installers of
energy-related building elements
- it shall make publicly available the certification and/or accreditation
schemes or equivalent qualification schemes and shall cooperate
among themselves and with the Commission on comparisons between,
and recognition of, the schemes
- it takes appropriate measures to make consumers aware of the
availability of qualification and/or certification schemes
43

44. Article 17 - Information and trainingArticle 17 - Information and training
Member States shall:
- ensure that information on available energy efficiency mechanisms
and financial and legal frameworks is transparent and widely
disseminated to all relevant market actors, such as consumers,
builders, architects, engineers, environmental and energy auditors,
and installers of building elements
- encourage the provision of information to banks and other financial
institutions on possibilities of participating, including through the
creation of public/private partnerships, in the financing of energy
efficiency improvement measures
- establish appropriate conditions for market operators to provide
adequate and targeted information and advice to energy consumers
on energy efficiency
44

45. Article 18 - Energy servicesArticle 18 - Energy services
Member States shall promote the energy services market and access for
SMEs to this market by:
- (a) disseminating clear and easily accessible information on: (i)
available energy service contracts; (ii) financial instruments,
incentives, grants and loans to support energy efficiency service
projects;
- (b) encouraging the development of quality labels;
- (c) making publicly available and regularly updating a list of available
energy service providers who are qualified and/or certified, or
providing an interface where energy service providers can provide
information;
- (d) supporting the public sector in taking up energy service offers, in
particular for building refurbishment, by: (i) providing model
contracts for energy performance contracting; (ii) providing
information on best practices for energy performance contracting,
including, if available, cost- benefit analysis using a life-cycle
approach
45

46. Article 19 - Other measures to promote energy
efficiency
Article 19 - Other measures to promote energy
efficiency
Member States shall evaluate and if necessary take appropriate
measures to remove regulatory and non-regulatory barriers to energy
efficiency; in particular for:
- (a) the split of incentives between the owner and the tenant of a
building or among owners, with a view to ensuring that these parties
are not deterred from making efficiency- improving investments
- (b) legal and regulatory provisions, and administrative practices,
regarding public purchasing and annual budgeting and accounting,
with a view to ensuring that individual public bodies are not deterred
from making investments in improving energy efficiency and
minimising expected life-cycle costs and from using energy
performance contracting and other third-party financing mechanisms
on a long-term contractual basis
Notify the findings to the Commission in the NEEAPs
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47. Energy flows in the EUEnergy flows in the EU
47