This 5 page handout and worksheet explores the cognate "abandonar-to abandon". Includes practice exercises.

1. Today’s Spanish-English Cognate - abandonar<br />Spanish and English have many similar words known as cognates. These words come from Latin, Greek, or another language. You can expand your Spanish vocabulary quickly by using cognates. By studying cognates, you can use your knowledge of English to help you learn Spanish. Today we will focus on this Spanish-English cognate:<br />abandonar – to abandon<br />These words share a common history. They come from the French language. <br />5598795252412500Take a look at the sample sentences below. Abandonar can be used to say several different things in English. Please don’t be overwhelmed by the complexity of the Spanish sentences. The English translation is provided. Focus on the different ways to use abandonar. <br />Ella tuvo que abandonar la idea de convertirse en actriz. (She had to abandon the idea of becoming an actress.)<br />51663608890Ella tuvo que abandonar la idea de convertirse en actriz.00Ella tuvo que abandonar la idea de convertirse en actriz.<br />Los residentes de la ciudad abandonan sus casas cuando se acerca un huracán. (The residents of the city abandon their houses when a hurricane approaches.) <br />Mi padre me hizo un gesto que abandonara el cuarto. (My father gestured to me to leave the room.)<br />Lo convencí para que abandonara la idea. (I convinced him to give up the idea.)<br />No me abandones. (Don’t forsake me.)<br />Es difícil abandonar el hábito de fumar. (It’s difficult to shake the smoking habit.)<br />Abandonó el coche en un callejón y se fue corriendo. (He ditched the car in an alley and took off running.<br />Nos abandonó cuando lo necesitábamos. (He bailed on us when we needed him.) <br />Abandonó a su familia y se fue al extranjero. (He deserted his family and went abroad.)<br />Tarde o temprano la suerte lo abandonará. (Sooner or later he will run out of luck.)<br />Habían abandonado el proyecto pero lo empezaron de nuevo. (They had quit the project, but they restarted it.)<br />As you can see, abandonar can be used in many ways. You can practice using the above sentences on page 2.<br />Practice<br />Write the sentences that contain the different English meanings for abandonar. <br />Example:<br />Write the sentence that uses a form of abandonar to mean leave. <br />Mi padre me hizo un gesto que abandonara el cuarto. <br />1. Write the sentence that uses a form of abandonar to mean bailed.<br />_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />2. Write the sentence that uses a form of abandonar to mean had quit.<br />_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />3. Write the sentence that uses a form of abandonar to mean will run out of. <br />_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />4. Write the sentence that uses a form of abandonar to mean to give up.<br />_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />5. Write the sentence that uses abandonar to mean to shake.<br />_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />6. Write the sentence that uses a form of abandonar to mean ditched.<br />_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />7. Write the sentence that uses a form of abandonar to mean deserted.<br />_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />8. Write the sentence that uses a form of abandonar to mean forsake.<br />_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />Abandonar is a verb, and verbs must be conjugated into tenses and moods. Go to page 3 to examine the ways in which the verbs in the example sentences are conjugated.<br />2745740743140500<br />203200067310Tarde o temprano la suerte lo abandonará. 00Tarde o temprano la suerte lo abandonará. <br />Conjugation of the Verbs<br />Here is some information about the conjugation of the verbs in the example sentences. If you are new to Spanish, you might want to review just the points about the infinitive and the present indicative tense. Please don’t stress yourself out by reading more. Perhaps you will come back to this handout later in your study of Spanish to review the other tenses. For those of you who want to review all of the tenses explained here, you will find a practice exercise on page 5. <br />1. Ella tuvo que abandonar la idea de convertirse en actriz. (She had to abandon the idea of becoming an actress.)<br />Es difícil abandonar el hábito de fumar. (It’s difficult to shake the smoking habit.)<br />These sentences use the infinitive form of the verb which is abandonar. The infinitive is the simple or basic form of the verb. In Spanish, infinitives have three different types of endings which are -ar, <br />-er, -ir. Abandonar is an -ar verb.<br />4912360274383500<br />2. Los residentes de la ciudad abandonan sus casas cuando se acerca un huracán. (The residents of the city abandon their houses when a hurricane approaches.) <br />4800600224155Los residentes de la ciudad abandonan sus casas cuando se acerca un huracán.0Los residentes de la ciudad abandonan sus casas cuando se acerca un huracán.This sentence is in the present indicative tense (el presente de indicativo). In this case, it indicates habitual action.<br />yo abandononosotros abandonamostú abandonasvosotros abandonáisusted/él/ella abandonaustedes/ellos/ellas abandonan<br />3. Abandonó a su familia y se fue al extranjero. (He deserted his family and went abroad.)<br />Abandonó el coche en un callejón y se fue corriendo. (He ditched the car in an alley and took off running.<br />Nos abandonó cuando lo necesitábamos. (He bailed on us when we needed him.) <br />These sentences are in the preterit or past tense (el preterito). They express an action that was completed at some time in the past.<br />yo abandonénosotros abandonamostú abandonabastevosotros abandonasteisusted/él/ella abandonóustedes/ellos/ellas abandonaron<br />4. Tarde o temprano la suerte lo abandonará. (Sooner or later he will run out of luck.)<br />This sentence is in the future tense (el futuro). It expresses an action that will take place sometime in the future.<br />yo abandonarénosotros abandonaremostú abandonarásvosotros abandonaréisusted/él/ella abandonaráustedes/ellos/ellas abandonarán<br />5. Habían abandonado el proyecto pero lo empezaron de nuevo. (They had quit the project, but they restarted it.)<br />This sentence is in the past perfect indicative or pluperfect (el pluscuamperfecto de indicativo). This tense is used to express an action in the past that happened before another action.<br />yo había abandonadonosotros habíamos abandonadotú habías abandonadovosotros habíais abandonadousted/él/ella había abandonadoustedes/ellos/ellas habían abandonado<br />6. No me abandones. (Don’t forsake me.)<br />51409602400935This sentence is in the present subjunctive mood (el presente de subjuntivo). It expresses a plea. <br />yo abandonenosotros abandonemostú abandonesvosotros abandonéisusted/él/ella abandoneustedes/ellos/ellas abandonen<br />50736504445No me abandones.0No me abandones.<br />7. Mi padre me hizo un gesto que abandonara el cuarto. (My father gestured to me to leave the room.)<br />Lo convencí para que abandonara la idea. (I convinced him to give up the idea.)<br />These sentences are in the imperfect subjunctive mood (el imperfecto de subjuntivo). They express the idea that, in the past, one person wanted another person to do something. The imperfect subjunctive is used because the verb in the main clause is in the preterit tense.<br />yo abandonaranosotros abandonáramostú abandonarasvosotros abandonaraisusted/él/ella abandonaraustedes/ellos/ellas abandonaran<br /> or<br />yo abandonasenosotros abandonásemostú abandonasesvosotros abandonaseisusted/él/ella abandonaseustedes/ellos/ellas abandonasen<br />Practice<br />Write the sentence in Spanish. Answer the questions.<br />Example: Don’t forsake me. __No me abandones.__ Which tense or mood is used in this sentence? _el presente de subjuntivo_ Why? __This sentence expresses a plea._<br />1. The residents of the city abandon their houses when a hurricane approaches.<br />_______________________________________________________________________________________<br />Which tense or mood is used in this sentence? ____________________ Why? _____________________________<br />2. Sooner or later he will run out of luck.<br />_______________________________________________________________________________________<br />Which tense or mood is used in this sentence? ____________________ Why? _____________________________<br />3. My father gestured to me to leave the room.<br />_______________________________________________________________________________________<br />Which tense or mood is used in this sentence? ____________________ Why? _____________________________<br />4. They had quit the project, but they restarted it.<br />_______________________________________________________________________________________<br />Which tense or mood is used in this sentence? ____________________ Why? _____________________________<br />5. He ditched the car in an alley and took off running.<br />_______________________________________________________________________________________<br />Which tense or mood is used in this sentence? ____________________ Why? _____________________________<br />6. He abandoned his family and went abroad.<br />_______________________________________________________________________________________<br />Which tense or mood is used in this sentence? ____________________ Why? _____________________________<br />7. He bailed on us when we needed him.<br />_______________________________________________________________________________________<br />Which tense or mood is used in this sentence? ____________________ Why? _____________________________<br />8. I convinced him to give up the idea.<br />_______________________________________________________________________________________<br />Which tense or mood is used in this sentence? ____________________ Why? _____________________________<br />9. She had to give up the idea of becoming an actress.<br />_______________________________________________________________________________________<br />2621280795528000Which tense or mood is used in this sentence? ____________________ Why? _____________________________<br />1939925889635Es difícil abandonar el hábito de fumar.00Es difícil abandonar el hábito de fumar.<br />