Workshop delivered at Aurora Badge Summit

1. Trust & Open Badges
workshop
How could Open Badges contribute to creating a more trustworthy world?
EUROPORTFOLIO
Serge Ravet
ADPIOS, EUROPORTFOLIO, Badge Europe, Open Badge Passport, BadgeChain
@Szerge, learningfutures.eu,
iosf.org, europortfolio.org , openbadgepassport.com, www.salava.org

2. Objectives of the
workshop
What is trust about?
What relationship between Open Badges & trust?
Can Open Badges contribute to improving trust?
Explore

3. Context
Where does this workshop come from?

4. 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
10ePortfolioChallenges
Trust
OpenTrustBox
ePortfolio Identity
ePIC 2016
Pathways to educational and
social innovation
BOLOGNA 27-29 OCTOBER
Open Badge
ePortfolio
Identity
Trust
Blockchain
http://openepic.eu
0101011
01100

5. ePortfolio
Identity
Trust
Open Badges
Open Badge Passport
Personal Ledger
Portfolio
Competency Based Education
Quality
Blockchains
1985 1995 2000 2010 2015
Simulation
Self-study
eLearningComputer Based Training
BadgeChain

6. About trust
Trust is based on symmetrical power relations

7. The Trust Paradox

8. Social changes and increased
social complexity expand the need
for trust, but erode its familiar basis
The Trust Paradox — An Inquiry into the Core of Social Life, May-Britt Ellingsen

9. Percentage of citizens who trust
the government in Washington
always or most of the time
Source: Pew Research Centre
%

10. Percentage of citizens who trust the government in Washington always or most of the time — Pew Research Centre

11. Percentage of adults
trusting others
source: Education at a Glance 2014 OECD Indicators
%

12. Percentage of adults trusting others
70 7050 5030 3010 100 060 6040 4020 20% %
By literacy proficiency level By educational attainment
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Italy
Czech Republic
France
Korea
Germany
Japan
Ireland
Poland
England/N. Ireland (UK)
Average
Flanders (Belgium)
Canada
Spain
Austria
United States
Australia
Finland
Netherlands
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Below upper secondary education
Upper secondary or post-secondary
non-tertiary education
Tertiary educationLevel 4 or 5
Level 3
Level 2
Level 1 or below

13. What do these statistics
tell you about trust?
Percentage of citizens who trust the government in Washington always or most of the time — Pew Research Centre
Percentage of adults reporting trusting others
70 7050 5030 3010 100 060 6040 4020 20% %
By literacy proficiency level By educational attainment
Slovak Republic
Estonia
Italy
Czech Republic
France
Korea
Germany
Japan
Ireland
Poland
England/N. Ireland (UK)
Average
Flanders (Belgium)
Canada
Spain
Austria
United States
Australia
Finland
Netherlands
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Below upper secondary education
Upper secondary or post-secondary
non-tertiary education
Tertiary educationLevel 4 or 5
Level 3
Level 2
Level 1 or below

14. Trust and social capital

15. Trust and Social Capital
Social capital is defined by the OECD as: “networks together with
shared norms, values and understandings that facilitate co-operation
within or among groups”.
Source: OECD Insights: Human Capital
Put together, these networks and understandings engender trust
and so enable people to work together.
Trust, the necessary condition for empowerment

16. If we could measure trust, we could measure social capital
Can we measure trust?
Could Open Badges contribute to measuring trust?

17. About Open Badges
Why Open Badges are more than credentials and not a
currency — and the dangers of believing they are?

18. Open Badges are more than credentials
Open Badges are about
Recognition

19. Formal
Non-Formal
Traditional Non-Traditional
Competency
Badges
Micro-Credentials Smart
Badges
Conversational
Badges
Self-Issued Badges
Peer Endorsement
Scout
Badges
(Institution-centred)
Recognition
(Community-centred)
Nano-Diplomas
(Dynamic/Future)(Static/Past)
Badges as launchpads
Dream Badges
Collective Achievement
Badges
Empowerment
Conformance
Inclusion
Enabling
Affiliation
Badges
Achievement
Badges

20. Open Badges are not
a currency

21. currency |ˈkʌr(ə)nsi|
noun (pl.currencies)
1. a system of money in general use in a particular country: the
dollar was a strong currency | [ mass noun ] : travellers
cheques in foreign currency.
2. [ mass noun ] the fact or quality of being generally accepted
or in use: the term gained wider currency after the turn of
the century.

22. Open Badges are not fungible. You
cannot give a badge you own to someone
else in exchange for goods or services
You can create and give a badge to someone as a token of recognition or in
exchange for goods, money or services, but that badge stays with that person
Badges are currencies
Badges have currency≠

23. Open Badges are based on relational trust
Currencies are based on structural trust
do not depend on individuals’ relationships

24. Open Badges are about
Trust

25. Issuer Earner
Trust

26. Trust
Issuer Earner

27. Issuer Earner

31. The dangers of mistaking
Open Badges for
credentials and currencies
Formal
Non-Formal
Traditional Non-Traditional
Competency
Badges
Micro-Credentials Smart
Badges
Conversational
Badges
Self-Issued Badges
Peer Endorsement
Scout
Badges
(Institution-centred)
Recognition
(Community-centred)
Nano-Diplomas
(Dynamic/Future)(Static/Past)
Badges as launchpads
Dream Badges
Collective Achievement
Badges
Empowerment
Conformance
Inclusion
Enabling
Affiliation
Badges
Achievement
Badges
=cryptocurrency

32. Open Badges are about
recognition and trust

33. More about trust

34. Sharing ideas
What is trust?
Why do we need trust?
What does trust allows us to do?
What can’t we do without trust?
What are the conditions for trust?

35. trust |trʌst|
noun [ mass noun ]
1. firm belief in the reliability, truth, or ability of someone
or something: relations have to be built on trust | they
have been able to win the trust of the others.
• acceptance of the truth of a statement without
evidence or investigation: I used only primary
sources, taking nothing on trust.

36. “Trust, in short, is a form of “faith,” in which the
confidence vested in probable outcomes
expresses a commitment to something rather
than just a cognitive understanding.’
—A. Giddens (1993)

37. Business
Trust
Badge
Person
Institution
Issuer
Earner
Group
Technology

38. Predictability Leap of faith
Trust
Suspending doubt
Security

39. Security is intrinsic to trust
Trust Security
Predictability
Leap of faith
Suspending doubt Doubt
Suspicion
Contingency
Trust is future oriented
(extrinsic)

40. The more trust, the less extrinsic security
measures are required, the more extrinsic
security measures are taken, the less
trustworthy the system becomes.
Trust Extrinsic
Security
Trust and extrinsic security work in reverse proportions

41. Increasing security measures is about
addressing the symptoms, not the
causes of failing trust. There is no
alternative to increasing trust than taking
the necessary steps to… increasing trust!
Trust Extrinsic
Security
Trust and extrinsic security work in reverse proportions

42. Nature Relation Stability Exit Rules Enforcement Trust space Who?
Micro Individual
Inter-
personal
Short,
mid and
long term
Termination Tacit Informal
Familiarity,
proximity
Family, relatives,
friends,
neighbours,…
Meso Communal
Inter-
personal,
Belonging
Mid and
long term
Exclusion
Tacit &
explicit
Informal and
formal
(membership)
Proximity
Peers, members,
…
Macro Structural
Belonging,
Impersonal
Long
term
Sanction Explicit
Laws,
contracts,
obligations
standards,
accreditations
Strangers,
time and
distance
Citizens,
employees,
partners,…

43. In a society without trust, social
interaction will be troublesome and
have enormous transactional costs

44. Sharing ideas
Do you think Open Badges could contribute to
nurturing —and repairing— trust ?
How?

45. Future developments

46. Personal Ledgers
Bits of Trust
What can we learn from blockchains?
How can we improve Open Badges?

47. BadgeChain Trust
BlockChain Trust
trust / consensus
?
Transaction
Transaction
Open Badges and
blockchains are
based on antipodal
views on trust
@badgechain

48. Trust can heal!

49. A teenager had spent many months in a young peoples psychiatric hospital.
When he was about to leave a therapist asked him what was the most
significant thing which helped him in his recovery. He responded that it was the
moment when in and art group the therapist asked him to fetch some art
paper from a cupboard in another part of the building.The therapist handed
him the keys to the cupboard which were on a key ring with many other keys
to the rooms in the building.
They young man said he felt so good, not just because he had been chosen to
do the small job when his esteem was very low but because the therapist had
not hesitated but just handed him the keys. He knew he could have used those
keys to get up to all sorts of mischief but he felt trust to act responsibly.
Julie Lunt <julie at newpaths.eu>

50. Trust, the Revolution!
ePIC 2016
Pathways to educational and
social innovation
BOLOGNA 27-29 OCTOBER
Open Badge
ePortfolio
Identity
Trust
Blockchain
http://openepic.eu
0101011
01100
Serge Ravet
ADPIOS, EUROPORTFOLIO, Badge Europe,
Open Badge Passport, Badgechain
@Szerge, learningfutures.eu, iosf.org
openbadgepassport.com, europortfolio.org
Merci!
SR
EUROPORTFOLIO