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BIODIVERSITY
 
HABITAT FRAGMENTATION
 
SYSTEM REGULATORS 75% water recycled by ET 25% water lost in runoff Ground cover removal (%) Effective runoff (mm) 0  100 1000
RATES OF DEFORESTATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
 
http://www.rainforestweb.org/
[object Object],>  60% of deforestation >  Rapid decline in soil productivity (nutrient storage?) >  Can be sustainable  --  (15 - 20 year rotation) >  Inequitable land ownership (e.g., Brazil where only 5% of farmers own land) CAUSES
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],CAUSES
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],CAUSES
WHY DEFORESTATION?
WHY DEFORESTATION? ,[object Object],[object Object],>  over-consumption in industrialized countries >  foreign debt >  poverty >  unequal ownership of land >  overpopulation  Deforestation
WHAT CAN BE DONE? 1.  The need to preserve intact sections of tropical forest >  The question of “edge communities”
WHAT CAN BE DONE? 2.  The need to address the economic needs of the lesser developed nations in which all of the tropical forests reside >  Are the ideas of commercial development and maintaining the health of the environment mutually exclusive?
WHAT CAN BE DONE? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Total area: 39 ha; core: 2  Total area: 42 ha; core: 25 Core Buffer Multiple-use Research and training Tourist facility Human settlement
CREDITOR US$ 11 m WWF may initiate  discussion between parties, acts as an intermediary, and  facilitates negotiations WWF may design conservation criteria by which grants made from the fund will be evaluated and/or oversee the fund’s management Commercial Debt for Nature Swaps STEP 1 STEP 2 US$ 28 m of debt NGO (WWF) US$ 28 m of debt is cancelled DEBTOR GOVERNMENT US$ 25 m local currency equivalent STEP 3 CONSERVATION PROJECT FUND Assumes: 40% debt purchase price   90% payment in local currency

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Unit 3 pp #1

  • 1.  
  • 3.  
  • 5.  
  • 6. SYSTEM REGULATORS 75% water recycled by ET 25% water lost in runoff Ground cover removal (%) Effective runoff (mm) 0 100 1000
  • 7.
  • 8.  
  • 9.  
  • 10.  
  • 11.  
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 17.
  • 18. WHAT CAN BE DONE? 1. The need to preserve intact sections of tropical forest > The question of “edge communities”
  • 19. WHAT CAN BE DONE? 2. The need to address the economic needs of the lesser developed nations in which all of the tropical forests reside > Are the ideas of commercial development and maintaining the health of the environment mutually exclusive?
  • 20.
  • 21. Total area: 39 ha; core: 2 Total area: 42 ha; core: 25 Core Buffer Multiple-use Research and training Tourist facility Human settlement
  • 22. CREDITOR US$ 11 m WWF may initiate discussion between parties, acts as an intermediary, and facilitates negotiations WWF may design conservation criteria by which grants made from the fund will be evaluated and/or oversee the fund’s management Commercial Debt for Nature Swaps STEP 1 STEP 2 US$ 28 m of debt NGO (WWF) US$ 28 m of debt is cancelled DEBTOR GOVERNMENT US$ 25 m local currency equivalent STEP 3 CONSERVATION PROJECT FUND Assumes: 40% debt purchase price 90% payment in local currency