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1. Theory and Design
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2. What is an Embedded System
An Embedded System is a microprocessor based
system that is embedded as a subsystem, in a
larger system (which may or may not be a
computer system).
I O
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3. Application areas
 Automotive electronics
 Aircraft electronics
 Trains
 Telecommunication
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4. Application areas
• Medical systems
• Military applications
• Authentication
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5. Essential Components
 Microprocessor
 Sensors
 Converters (A-D and D-A)
 Actuators
 Memory (On-chip and Off chip)
 Communication path with the interacting
environment
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6. A- D- Actuator
Sensor Processor
D A
Memory
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7. Essential Considerations
 Response Time -- Real Time Systems
 Area
 Cost
 Portability
 Low Power (Battery Life)
 Fault Tolerance
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8. Design Issues
(Hardware-Software Co-design)
 System Specification
 Functions, Real Time Constraints, Cost and Power
Constraints
 Hardware Software Partitioning
 Hardware Synthesis
 Simulation
 Implementation
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9. General Characteristics of Embedded
Systems
 Perform a single task
 Usually not general purpose
 Increasingly high performance and real time
constrained
 Power, cost and reliability are important
considerations
 HW-SW systems
 Software is used for more features and flexibility
 Hardware (processors, ASICs, memory etc. are used
for performance and security
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10. Classification of Embedded
Systems
 Distributed and Non distributed
 Reactive and Transformational
 Control dominated and Data dominated
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11. “ The New York Times has
estimated that the average Most of the
American comes into contact functionality
with about 60 micro- of embedded
processors every day....” systems
will be
implemented
in software!
Latest top-level BMWs
contain over 100 micro-
processors
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12. MICROCONTROLLER
( 89C2051)
The AT 89C2051 is a low voltage, high
performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 2K
bytes of flash programmable memory.
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13. Pin diagram
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14. Qualities of 89C2051 microcontroller
 Cost effectiveness.
 89C2051 has only 15 I/O lines so, port1 and port3 are only
available on it.
 The architecture of 89C2051 does not support any external
address/data bus and therefore RD,WR signals are absent .
 The 89C2051 also supports full-duplex serial
communication and six interrupt sources.
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15. THANK YOU
By Tecnocrats Infotech
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