Presentation at Dalby Drone Show 26 Sep- Dr Terry Martin

1. FUTURE DISRUPTION & DRONES BVLOS, LTE & UTM DR TERRY MARTIN NOVA SYSTEMS

2. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Introduction Who Am I:Where I am from • Former military engineering Officer/consultant • Heron/Shadow engineering work • Applied Research Lead Nova Systems • Industry Co-Chair Australian UAV Standards Committee • Associate ProfessorTerry Martin (Adjunct) at Queensland University ofTechnology Queensland

3. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Introduction • Flying Sensor: • Surveillance, News Media, Real Estate • Inspection: critical infrastructure, eg cell towers, powerlines, bridges, oil and gas etc • Agricultural: Crop Inspections, Livestock and pest tracking • Delivery: • PackageTransport, medicines andVaccines, emergency equipment • Agriculture: automated planting • People: OPV/MUM-T • Entertainment: Drone Racing • Public Safety: • SAR, Police, Fire, *Support Services • Regulation, Risk and Safety, Insurance Consumer Applications

4. Copyright: Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Emerging Technologies & Game Changers

5. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Introduction MUMT & OPV BVLOS or VLOS Placing Cheaper RPAS in Harms Way Or Deliver Function more cheaply EW: Standoff Jamming Unmanned CASEVAC Expanded ISR Footprint

6. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Introduction Laser Guided Rockets on UAVs • DAGR is 2.75 inch diameter module that incorporates Hellfire Technology • Weighs 4 kg • DAGR has been fitted to US Shadow • When designated by Apache, DAGR is capable of hitting truck travelling 40 km/hr from 5 km away • Scope for stand off designation: • Significant Increase in FirePower & Reconnaissance

7. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers Black Saturday Bushfires Apache like Platform Water Delivery RPAS Water Delivery RPAS Long Loiter Surveillance Short Loiter Surveillance

8. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Introduction Swarms 1. J. Arquilla, D. Ronfeldt, RAND: “Swarming & the future Conflict”. Robotics and the Battlefield Centre for New America Military Swarming Design Elements • Many Small, dispersed maneuver units • Integrated Surveillaance, sensors • Sustainable pulsing of force and fire • Stealthy ubiquity: no front • Amorphous strike from all directions

9. NOVA SYSTEMS Processing Centers/ Eagle Vision Shared Situational Awareness Distributive, Collaborative Planning • Full Motion Video (FMV) • Imagery/Still Photography • Image/Video Exploitation •Location Information •Weather Processing, Exploitation, Dissemination

10. NOVA SYSTEMS Processing Centers/ Eagle Vision Shared Situational Awareness Distributive, Collaborative Planning • Full Motion Video (FMV) • Imagery/Still Photography • Image/Video Exploitation •Location Information •Weather Processing, Exploitation, Dissemination Will Australia be building these products or just be consumers ?

11. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Introduction •Innovation, Automation, Disruption & Jobs •Key Safety Enablers: DAA and CNPC •UAV Game Changers • UTM •Network Connectivity • CNPC, •LTE • Google/Facebook • MANET, FANET Presentation Overview

12. NOVA SYSTEMS Innovation,Automation& Jobs

13. NOVA SYSTEMS Source: http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/the-robots-are-coming-to-take-your-job/ NYT Best Seller: • Increased impact of automation

14. NOVA SYSTEMS Source: http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/the-robots-are-coming-to-take-your-job/ NYT Best Seller: • Increased impact of automation ”Smokestack & Manufacturing Economies” Being overtaken by those focused on ”Consumption, Services and HighValue Technologies”

15. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Osborne & Frey, Citigroup Studies by : Carl Frey & Michael Osborne, then Citigroup • Advances in AI, Robotics, Data Mining, Machine Learning, Computational Statistics are placing more jobs at Risk of being Automated. High risk for • United States - 47% of workers • China - 77% of workers • India - 69% of workers • Automation may change the trend of offshoring to low cost regions • Emerging Markets need to diversify to move up the value chain • Less low end manufacturing, more innovative technology development High Risk of Jobs being Replaced by Automation

16. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Computerisation & Jobs Market Next Decades Source: Frey, Carl Benedikt and Michael Osborne. September 17, 2013. The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to Computerisation? University of Oxford

17. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Computerisation & Jobs Market Next Decades Management Engineering/ Science Education, Law, Arts, Media Healthcare Source: Frey, Carl Benedikt and Michael Osborne. September 17, 2013. The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to Computerisation? University of Oxford

18. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Computerisation & Jobs Market Next Decades Management Engineering/ Science Education, Law, Arts, Media Healthcare Installation, Maintenance Source: Frey, Carl Benedikt and Michael Osborne. September 17, 2013. The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to Computerisation? University of Oxford

19. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Computerisation & Jobs Market Next Decades Management Engineering/ Science Education, Law, Arts, Media Healthcare Service Sales Office and admin. support Installation, Maintenance Source: Frey, Carl Benedikt and Michael Osborne. September 17, 2013. The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to Computerisation? University of Oxford

20. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Computerisation & Jobs Market Next Decades Management Engineering/ Science Education, Law, Arts, Media Healthcare Service Sales Office and admin. support Transportation Installation, Maintenance Source: Frey, Carl Benedikt and Michael Osborne. September 17, 2013. The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to Computerisation? University of Oxford

21. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Disruption, Automation and Innovation Percentage of Jobs at High Risk of Automation 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

22. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Disruption, Automation and Innovation Percentage of Jobs at High Risk of Automation 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Least at Risk • Technically Dynamic, Knowledge Centres • Diversified & skill intensive Workforces • Professional Services • Creative Industries

23. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Disruption, Automation and Innovation Percentage of Jobs at High Risk of Automation 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Least at Risk • Technically Dynamic, Knowledge Centres • Diversified & skill intensive Workforces • Professional Services • Creative Industries Most at Risk • Manufacturing • Banking • Gaming, Low Level white & Blue collar

24. NOVA SYSTEMS ”It’s not competition which counts, but competition from the new commodity, new technology, new source of supply, new type of organisation - competition which commands a decisive cost or quality advantage and which strikes not at the profit margins and outputs of the existing firms but at their very foundations”: Joseph Schumpeter Disruption

32. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Which Businesses Creates Jobs? Kauffman foundation • “Existing firms actually lose a million more jobs, per year, then they create.” • Over last 25 years, almost all private sector jobs are created by businesses less than 5 years old • Between 1988 & 2011, companies more than 5 years old, DESTROYED more jobs than they create

33. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Which Businesses Creates Jobs? Kauffman foundation • “Existing firms actually lose a million more jobs, per year, then they create.” • Over last 25 years, almost all private sector jobs are created by businesses less than 5 years old • Between 1988 & 2011, companies more than 5 years old, DESTROYED more jobs than they create US Bureau of Economic Research • “The younger companies are, the more jobs they create, regardless of size”

34. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Which Businesses Creates Jobs? Kauffman foundation • “Existing firms actually lose a million more jobs, per year, then they create.” • Over last 25 years, almost all private sector jobs are created by businesses less than 5 years old • Between 1988 & 2011, companies more than 5 years old, DESTROYED more jobs than they create US Bureau of Economic Research • “The younger companies are, the more jobs they create, regardless of size” Washington Post • “Once large enough, firms start hunting overseas for cheaper labour options”, • “Small companies produce 16 time more patents per worker than large firms”, and this is typically associated with an infusion of jobs creation, • Level of jobs creation linked to level of R&D, and collaboration

35. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Ageing Corporations United States 89% 11% US Market Capitilisation by Company Age 2005 Over 85 Years Old Microsoft

36. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Ageing Corporations United States 89% 11% US Market Capitilisation by Company Age 2005 Over 85 Years Old Microsoft 18% 14% 11% 8%8% 41% US Market Capitalisation by Company Age 2015 Apple Google Microsoft Amazon Facebook Over 50 Years Old

37. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS 11% 7% 6% 76% AUS Market Capitalisation by Company Age 2005 Westpac Westfield Over 80 Years Old Aging Corporations Australia

38. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS 11% 7% 6% 76% AUS Market Capitalisation by Company Age 2005 Westpac Westfield Over 80 Years Old Aging Corporations Australia 8% 92% AUS Market Capitalisation by Company Age 2015 Telstra Over 85 Years Old

39. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS 11% 7% 6% 76% AUS Market Capitalisation by Company Age 2005 Westpac Westfield Over 80 Years Old Aging Corporations Australia 8% 92% AUS Market Capitalisation by Company Age 2015 Telstra Over 85 Years Old Dominated by Banks, Commodities & Chain Supermarkets

40. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Our Banking & Real Estate Sector Australia's banking sector has a high reliance on overseas funding. • Underpins the funding for our real estate market Our 1 trillion foreign debt • twice the size of our income from exports, dividends and royalties • This ratio more than any other country except Greece & US • Oz is spending 5.6% of its foreign income meeting interest payments, more than any other advanced country aside from Spain and at similar levels to Mexico • Credit ratings agency considering lowering Australia's rating fromAAA • Concern that if global financial market lose confidence in Australia, it will be difficult for government and banks to refinance Debt • Politicians seem to be ignoring the deficit (Ken Henry. 24 Sep 2016) The Australian Newspaper 12 May 2016

41. NOVA SYSTEMS City State % Jobs at Risk Kurri Kurri NSW 58.6 Murray Bridge SA 57.3 Cessnock NSW 57.1 Melton VIC 56.8 Muswellbrook NSW 56.4 Warwick QLD 56.4 Port Pirie SA 55.3% Griffith QLD 55.3 Colac VIC 54.9 Moe-Newborough VIC 54.7 SOURCE: Bernard Salt, KPMG Disruption, Automation and Innovation Jobs at High Risk: Australia

42. NOVA SYSTEMS The GOOD

43. NOVA SYSTEMS The BADThe GOOD

44. NOVA SYSTEMS The BADThe GOOD There will be WINNERS & LOSERS

45. NOVA SYSTEMS The BADThe GOOD Companies & Cities & Nations There will be WINNERS & LOSERS

46. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Supporting Innovation Ingredients of supportive business ecosystem for innovation & job creation[1]: • A pro-entrepreneurship culture • Guidance from experienced entrepreneurs • A supportive Regulatory Environment • A collaborative Business Culture • Visible Successes & Role Models • RiskTolerance • Available Capital • Technical Skills Key Ingredients for Innovation & Startups [1] Startup AUS Crossroads 2015: http://startupaus.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Crossroads-2015.pdf

47. NOVA SYSTEMS WHYTHEDELAY? Safety & Trade-offs

48. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Where are we as a Nation? For most part, UAV Operations in Australia are constrained to: • DayVMC,VLOS, • Below 400 ft, • Not within 3NM of an aerodrome Currently Permissible Operations

49. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Where are we as a Nation? For most part, UAV Operations in Australia are constrained to: • DayVMC,VLOS, • Below 400 ft, • Not within 3NM of an aerodrome Currently Permissible Operations Essentially, the platform isVISUALLY TETHERED.

50. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Where are we as a Nation? For most part, UAV Operations in Australia are constrained to: • DayVMC,VLOS, • Below 400 ft, • Not within 3NM of an aerodrome Currently Permissible Operations Essentially, the platform isVISUALLY TETHERED.Considerable portion of identified UAV potential lies in Remote Sensing i.e BVLOS and BRLOS

51. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Where are we as a Nation? For most part, UAV Operations in Australia are constrained to: • DayVMC,VLOS, • Below 400 ft, • Not within 3NM of an aerodrome Currently Permissible Operations Essentially, the platform isVISUALLY TETHERED.Considerable portion of identified UAV potential lies in Remote Sensing i.e BVLOS and BRLOS No nation has yet produced a complete framework to support safe unsegregated BVLOS Significant economic benefit for “first moving” nation!

52. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS So what is the Problem? RPAS regulation focused on minimising the following key risks: 1. Risk of airborne collision, and the coinciding risk to people & property 2. Risk to people and infrastructure on the ground, Challenge is to isolate the risk difference betweenCPA & RPAS The Key Risks

53. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS AcceptablySafe is defined by the SafetyTargets- See Argument 1. Airworthiness High Level Safety Argument Assumptions stated Applicable for intended Operational Environment So What’s the Problem? Safety & Trade-Offs : Airworthiness

54. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS AcceptablySafe is defined by the SafetyTargets- See Argument 1. Airworthiness High Level Safety Argument Argument 2 System designed to be acceptably safe Argument 1 System has been specified to acceptably safe. Assumptions stated Applicable for intended Operational Environment So What’s the Problem? Safety & Trade-Offs : Airworthiness

55. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS AcceptablySafe is defined by the SafetyTargets- See Argument 1. Airworthiness High Level Safety Argument Argument 2 System designed to be acceptably safe Argument 3 System constructed and implemented completely and correctly Argument 1 System has been specified to acceptably safe. Assumptions stated Applicable for intended Operational Environment So What’s the Problem? Safety & Trade-Offs : Airworthiness

56. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS AcceptablySafe is defined by the SafetyTargets- See Argument 1. Argument 4 System transitioned into services in acceptably safe manner Airworthiness High Level Safety Argument Argument 2 System designed to be acceptably safe Argument 3 System constructed and implemented completely and correctly Argument 1 System has been specified to acceptably safe. Assumptions stated Applicable for intended Operational Environment So What’s the Problem? Safety & Trade-Offs : Airworthiness

57. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS AcceptablySafe is defined by the SafetyTargets- See Argument 1. Argument 4 System transitioned into services in acceptably safe manner Argument 5 System shown to be operated acceptably safely Airworthiness High Level Safety Argument Argument 2 System designed to be acceptably safe Argument 3 System constructed and implemented completely and correctly Argument 1 System has been specified to acceptably safe. Assumptions stated Applicable for intended Operational Environment So What’s the Problem? Safety & Trade-Offs : Airworthiness

58. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS AcceptablySafe is defined by the SafetyTargets- See Argument 1. Argument 4 System transitioned into services in acceptably safe manner Argument 5 System shown to be operated acceptably safely Argument 6 System maintained and sustained acceptably safely Airworthiness High Level Safety Argument Argument 2 System designed to be acceptably safe Argument 3 System constructed and implemented completely and correctly Argument 1 System has been specified to acceptably safe. Assumptions stated Applicable for intended Operational Environment So What’s the Problem? Safety & Trade-Offs : Airworthiness

59. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS AcceptablySafe is defined by the SafetyTargets- See Argument 1. Argument 4 System transitioned into services in acceptably safe manner Argument 5 System shown to be operated acceptably safely Argument 6 System maintained and sustained acceptably safely Airworthiness High Level Safety Argument Argument 2 System designed to be acceptably safe Personnel are appropriately trained to conduct and verify activities which underpin the safety argument Argument 3 System constructed and implemented completely and correctly Argument 1 System has been specified to acceptably safe. Assumptions stated Applicable for intended Operational Environment So What’s the Problem? Safety & Trade-Offs : Airworthiness

60. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS AcceptablySafe is defined by the SafetyTargets- See Argument 1. Argument 4 System transitioned into services in acceptably safe manner Argument 5 System shown to be operated acceptably safely Argument 6 System maintained and sustained acceptably safely Airworthiness High Level Safety Argument Argument 2 System designed to be acceptably safe Personnel are appropriately trained to conduct and verify activities which underpin the safety argument Argument 3 System constructed and implemented completely and correctly Argument 1 System has been specified to acceptably safe. Assumptions stated Applicable for intended Operational Environment Verification of Evidence that SafetyTargets are met, with plans for ongoing monitoring ACCEPTABLE EVIDENCE So What’s the Problem? Safety & Trade-Offs : Airworthiness

61. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS AcceptablySafe is defined by the SafetyTargets- See Argument 1. Argument 4 System transitioned into services in acceptably safe manner Argument 5 System shown to be operated acceptably safely Argument 6 System maintained and sustained acceptably safely Airworthiness High Level Safety Argument Argument 2 System designed to be acceptably safe Personnel are appropriately trained to conduct and verify activities which underpin the safety argument Argument 3 System constructed and implemented completely and correctly Argument 1 System has been specified to acceptably safe. Assumptions stated Applicable for intended Operational Environment Verification of Evidence that SafetyTargets are met, with plans for ongoing monitoring ACCEPTABLE EVIDENCE So What’s the Problem? Airworthiness & The Safety Argument?

62. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS AcceptablySafe is defined by the SafetyTargets- See Argument 1. Argument 4 System transitioned into services in acceptably safe manner Argument 5 System shown to be operated acceptably safely Argument 6 System maintained and sustained acceptably safely Airworthiness High Level Safety Argument Argument 2 System designed to be acceptably safe Personnel are appropriately trained to conduct and verify activities which underpin the safety argument Argument 3 System constructed and implemented completely and correctly Argument 1 System has been specified to acceptably safe. Assumptions stated Applicable for intended Operational Environment Verification of Evidence that SafetyTargets are met, with plans for ongoing monitoring ACCEPTABLE EVIDENCE So What’s the Problem? TIME & $$$$$$$$$ Airworthiness & The Safety Argument?

63. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS AcceptablySafe is defined by the SafetyTargets- See Argument 1. Argument 4 System transitioned into services in acceptably safe manner Argument 5 System shown to be operated acceptably safely Argument 6 System maintained and sustained acceptably safely Airworthiness High Level Safety Argument Argument 2 System designed to be acceptably safe Personnel are appropriately trained to conduct and verify activities which underpin the safety argument Argument 3 System constructed and implemented completely and correctly Argument 1 System has been specified to acceptably safe. Assumptions stated Applicable for intended Operational Environment Verification of Evidence that SafetyTargets are met, with plans for ongoing monitoring ACCEPTABLE EVIDENCE So What’s the Problem? Airworthiness and the Safety Argument

67. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Operational Flexibility Platform Technical Integrity Equipage So What’s the Problem? Safe But Proportionate Operator Competence

68. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS The Need for a Strategic Roadmap Goals Milestones Gaps & Barriers Task List Priorities,Timelines, People Europe: Copying their Homework Operational & Technology gaps: 1. Integration into ATM & Airspace environments 2. Surface operations incl. take-off & landing 3. Operational contingency procedures & systems 4. Detect & Avoid systems 5. Data communication links incl. spectrum issues 6. Security issues 7. Verification and Validation Methods

69. NOVA SYSTEMS Mid Air Collision Populated Area A300 Passenger Aircraft Surveillance RPA: Luna

70. NOVA SYSTEMS Mid Air Collision Populated Area A300 Passenger Aircraft Surveillance RPA: Luna NMAC

71. NOVA SYSTEMS Mid Air Collision Populated Area A300 Passenger Aircraft Surveillance RPA: Luna Time Taken Less than 1 second Luna Imagery Before Crash Landing near Kabul NMAC

72. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Detect & Avoid RTCA White Papers & MOPS

73. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Detect & Avoid Well Clear HMD* = 4000 ft h* =450 ft Miss Distance Filter Boundary 𝜏 𝑚𝑜𝑑 ∗ = 35s Time to CPA

74. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Detect & Avoid SC-228 MOPS Development Radar Declaration Range Point in Encounter timeline where pilot must make decision to maneuver to remain well clear

75. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Detect & Avoid SC-228 MOPS Development Alert Pilot Detect Intruder Determine Resolution 15 s Negotiate ATC Clearance 10 s 30.0 s maneuver to remain well clear (Aircraft Performance 35.0 s DAAWell Clear Radar Declaration Range 90-110 seconds….Can be more than 8nm

76. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Practicalities of DAA Minimum Maneuvering Time Example DJI Phantom 3 Max Descent: 180 m/min: 590.551 ft/min Max Speed 16 m/s (no wind) = 31 kts 60 kts Scan Eagle: • Max ROC: 150m/min (491 feet per minute) • Lets assume can descend at same rate ( not a given) • Cruise Speed 300 kts closing speed Cessna 120 kts 12 m 12 m • Time to climb/descend 12 m is 4.8 seconds ( 12 150 ) mins • 180 kts closing speed = 3 nm per minute • Scan Eagle must begin to MOVE at ( 4.8 60 ) x 3kts : 440 m range • DJI Must must begin to MOVE at ( 4 60 ) x 2.5 kts : 310 m range

77. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Detect and Avoid Capable Maritime Surveillance Radar • AN/APS-137 • Operating Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz (assume 9) • Transmitted Power: 50 kW • Antenna: 1.04 x 0.92 • Antenna Efficiency: 85% • Smin = -92 dbm • Atmospherics: clear air (no rain) • Target: Submarine Periscope 1 m2 Claimed Range is 45km. Radar

78. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Detect and Avoid Capable Maritime Surveillance Radar • AN/APS-137 • Operating Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz (assume 9) • Transmitted Power: 50 kW • Antenna: 1.04 x 0.92 • Antenna Efficiency: 85% • Smin = -92 dbm • Atmospherics: clear air (no rain) • Target: Submarine Periscope 1 m2 Claimed Range is 45km. Radar University of Denver: Miniature Denver • Phased Array Radar • Weight: 12 Ounces • Range: UAV sized platform at 100 m

79. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Detect and Avoid Specifications for Golden Eye • Manufacturer:Advanced Scientific Concepts • Sensor: 128 x 128 FPA, Indium Gallium Arsenide + CMOS • Laser: 1.57 um • Framerate:10 Hz • Range up to 3 km, subject to laser/diffuser/lens choice • Dimensions(without lens): 14cm x 21 cm x 14 cm • Weight 6.5 kg • Power, 24VDC, < 50 Watts • Lens Options: • FOV: 60°, 45°, 30°, 15°…. 3° • Weight: 6.5 kg Sensors: Flash LIDAR

80. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Detect and Avoid Velodyne VLP-16 LIDAR Puck Velodyne : VLP-16 –R Puck: • 16-channel real-time • $7,999 • 103 x 72 mm • 830 grams. • 8 Watts, 9-32 VDC • Range: 100m • FOV: 360 ° HFOV, ± 15° VFOV • Accuracy: ± 3 cm • 905 nm Eye Safe Laser

81. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Detect and Avoid Quanergy Solid State LIDAR Presentation: By Louay Eldada Quanergy at Stanford, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPqzo29Q9Wc Quanergy: $250 Solid State LIDAR Field ofView: 120 degrees Max Range: 150 m ± 5cm at 8% Reflectivity Cost $100 -200 IF Volume > 100K

82. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Detect and Avoid FLIR Neutrino MWIR • Pixels: 640 x 512 • Pixel pitch: 15 um • Weight: 450 grams • Power: 5 watts • Angular Resolution (with 5mm lens = 44 HFOV ): • Only 0.17 degrees, MOPS Radar only requires 0.5 degrees, • However AIRCRAFT would become sub-pixel at 1300 m…. • Could move to 10mm (2600m) lens and scan like Kestrel… • Would that deliver sufficient contrast • Could you team it with miniature LRF??

83. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Ground Based DAA Provided by Airservices Australia ADS-B/SSR @5000 ftADS-B/SSR @30, 000 ft SSR @4000 ft Detect and Avoid

84. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Detect and Avoid Ground Based Detect and Avoid

85. NOVA SYSTEMS UAVGameChangers

86. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS “When the Pony Express came along, it really reshaped society to be able to move things around fairly reliably at that speed, which was measured in many days.The U.S. PostalService—growing partly out of the Pony Express and having it be even more reliable and starting to shorten the time—really did change society again. In mid August 2014, Google ProjectWing delivered packages including chocolate bars, dog treats and Cattle vaccines to farmer in Darling Downs, QLD DHL also trialling drone deliveries in remote areas where existing infrastructure makes shipping difficult (Nth Sea island: Juist). The Race to “Lift and Shift” UAv Game Changers

87. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS “When the Pony Express came along, it really reshaped society to be able to move things around fairly reliably at that speed, which was measured in many days.The U.S. PostalService—growing partly out of the Pony Express and having it be even more reliable and starting to shorten the time—really did change society again. In mid August 2014, Google ProjectWing delivered packages including chocolate bars, dog treats and Cattle vaccines to farmer in Darling Downs, QLD DHL also trialling drone deliveries in remote areas where existing infrastructure makes shipping difficult (Nth Sea island: Juist). The Race to “Lift and Shift” UAv Game Changers The push for low cost LIFT and Shift

88. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAv Game Changers NASA UAV Traffic Management (UTM) ”a cloud-based system that will help manage traffic at low altitudes and avoid collisions of UASs being operated beyond visual line of sight” Principal Investigator: Parimal Kopardekar

89. NOVA SYSTEMS Investors 12 Months Ago AerospaceTechnologies, Inc. Lone Star UAS, Center of Excellence & Innovation @ Texas A&M University- Corpus Christi* Airware* ne3rd, LLC* Amazon Neurala, Inc. Analytical Graphics, Inc. Precision Hawk* Avision, Inc. Simulyze Board of Regents of the Nevada System of Higher Education- Desert Research Institute SkySpecs, Inc.* DroneDeploy SkyWard IO, Inc. Exelis SmartC2, Inc. Google, Inc.* US Dept of Interior, Office of Aviation Services Gryphon Sensors UAV Collaborative* Higher Ground, LLC University of Cincinnati Lockheed Martin Corporation University of Nevada, Reno* Investors include • Multinationals • Google, Amazon, • Large Aerospace • Lockheed • Sensor & Payloads • Exelis, Gryphon • University • Texas A&M, Nevada, Cincinatti • UTM Interface: Precision Hawk, AGI, Airware • Government • US Dept. of Interior, Nevada Education NASA UAV Traffic Management (UTM)

90. NOVA SYSTEMS Original Last 12 Months AerospaceTechnologies, Inc. TexasA&M University- CorpusChristi* American Aerospace Technologies (instead of AerospaceTechnologies) Emerging Technology Ventures, Inc. Near Earth Autonomy, Inc. Aerotas Flirtey Nevada Institute for Autonomous Systems Airware* ne3rd, LLC* Aerovironment, Inc. Fovea Aero Systems, LLC NextNav, LLC Amazon Neurala, Inc. Air Route Optimizer, Inc. GE Global Research Nokia Analytical Graphics, Inc. Precision Hawk* AirMap, Inc GreenSight Agronomics PEMDAS Technologies and Innovations Avision, Inc. Simulyze ANRATechnologies, LLC Harris Corp. PROXY Technologies Board of Regents of the Nevada System of Higher -Desert Research Institute SkySpecs, Inc.* ATAC Corporation Icarus Aerospace Qualcomm Technologies DroneDeploy SkyWard IO, Inc. Aurora Flight Sciences Intel Corporation R Cubed Engineering LLC Exelis SmartC2, Inc. Aviation Management, LLC KDCTechSolutions International LLC Scientific Systems Company, Inc. Google, Inc.* US Dept of Interior, Office of Aviation Services Ax Enterprize Luftronix, Inc. Silent Falcon UAS Technologies Gryphon Sensors UAVCollaborative* Cpilot Matternet, Inc. U.S. Dept of Homeland Security Higher Ground, LLC University of Cincinnati Drone Co-Habitation Services, LLC Modern Technology Solutions, Inc. Uavionix, Inc. Lockheed Martin Corporation University of Nevada, Reno* University of Alaska

91. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS NASA UAV Traffic Management (UTM) Overview VIDEO Played LINK : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=83Y14qglTCY

92. NOVA SYSTEMS Build 1: Completed • LOW RISK • Establishment of Airspace Reservation • Focus on drone traffic management over unpopulated land/water • Minimal GA traffic, Aimed at agriculture, firefighting & infrastructure Build 2: Oct 2016 • Medium RISK • Drones flying BLOS, • Drone tracking, low density ops • Sparsely populated areas “If you can’t fly then run, if you can’t run then walk, if you can’t walk then crawl, but whatever you do you have to keep moving forward.” – Martin Luther King, Jr.

93. NOVA SYSTEMS Build 3: Jan 2018 • Drone Control Via INTERNET • Communication • Drone to Drone • Drone to ATC • Safe Separation • BLOS • Flight over Moderate Population • Package Delivery Build 4: March 2019 • Flight over Urban Areas • High Density Drone Traffic • Autonomous D to D communication • Large Scale Contingency MGT

94. NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers 1. On-board & Off-board Intelligence • Track Management, Precise Localization, HI-FI Sensors & Processing,Video Stabilisation • Interoperability and fusion of UTM and ATM System • Dynamic weather information • Up to date 3D Mapping-Obstacles • Contingency Management & Safety • Flight Planning Ongoing UTM Research AGI Precision Hawk

95. NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers 1. On-board & Off-board Intelligence 2. Separation and Contingency Management Ongoing UTM Research Source: Provided by Dr Aaron McFadyen

96. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Surveillance •Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR) •Terminal Area Radar (TAR) • PSR and SSR •Route Surveillance Radars (RSR) • SSR Only •Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) •ADSB ANSP Coverage

97. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Surveillance Coverage: Australia Provided by Airservices Australia ADS-B/SSR @5000 ftADS-B/SSR @30, 000 ft SSR @4000 ft ATM & Airport Operations

98. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Surveillance The Telstra Network

99. NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers 1. On-board & Off-board Intelligence 2. Separation and Contingency Management 3. Reliable & Redundant CNPC Links Ongoing UTM Research

100. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers Source: RTCA WP-2: Command & Control Data Link ( 18 Mar 2014) UAS Data Link UAS Control & NON Payload Comms (CNPC) Link UAS Payload Link Ongoing UTM Research- Reliable CNPC

101. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers Source: RTCA WP-2: Command & Control Data Link ( 18 Mar 2014) UAS Data Link UAS Control & NON Payload Comms (CNPC) Link UAS Payload Link Ongoing UTM Research- Reliable CNPC • CNPC considered a Safety of Flight Element • Requires Dedicated spectrum • Low Bandwidth

102. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers Source: RTCA WP-2: Command & Control Data Link ( 18 Mar 2014) UAS Data Link UAS Control & NON Payload Comms (CNPC) Link UAS Payload Link Ongoing UTM Research- Reliable CNPC • CNPC considered a Safety of Flight Element • Requires Dedicated spectrum • Low Bandwidth • logical flows associated with mission payload package. • Not required to be in aviation safety protected spectrum. • High bandwidth

103. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers Source: RTCA WP-2: Command & Control Data Link ( 18 Mar 2014) UAS Data Link UAS Control & NON Payload Comms (CNPC) Link UAS Payload Link Ongoing UTM Research- Reliable CNPC

104. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers Source: RTCA WP-2: Command & Control Data Link ( 18 Mar 2014) UAS Data Link UAS Control & NON Payload Comms (CNPC) Link Pilot ATC Link UAS Payload Link Voice Data eg CPDLC Ongoing UTM Research- Reliable CNPC

105. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers Source: RTCA WP-2: Command & Control Data Link ( 18 Mar 2014) UAS Data Link UAS Control & NON Payload Comms (CNPC) Link UAS Control LinkPilot ATC Link Telecommand Link UAS Payload Link Command: Uplink pilot to Aircraft • Information needed to control flight trajectory • Information needed to control all aircraft systems required for safe flight Ongoing UTM Research- Reliable CNPC

106. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers Source: RTCA WP-2: Command & Control Data Link ( 18 Mar 2014) UAS Data Link UAS Control & NON Payload Comms (CNPC) Link UAS Control LinkPilot ATC Link Telemetry Link UAS Payload Link Telemetry: DOWNLINK from AC to Pilot • Aircraft location, attitude & speed system status • Onboard NAVAID data • Track data Ongoing UTM Research- Reliable CNPC

107. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS CNPC Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service Aeronautical Mobile Route Service RadioNavigation-Satellite Service 960 MHz 1215 MHz1164 Hz Allocations Spectrum: ARNS Safety of Life Service

108. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS CNPC Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service TACAN and DME Aeronautical Mobile Route Service RadioNavigation-Satellite Service 960 MHz 1215 MHz1164 Hz Existing Systems Allocations Spectrum: ARNS Safety of Life Service • DME • TACAN

109. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS CNPC Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service TACAN and DME Aeronautical Mobile Route Service RadioNavigation-Satellite Service UAT SSR Rx SSR Tx 960 MHz 1215 MHz1164 Hz Existing Systems Allocations SSR/TCAS/ADS-B Spectrum: ARNS Safety of Life Service • DME • TACAN • ATC Radar Beacons & Mode S • IFF • TCAS/ACAS • ADS-B & UAT • Advanced Surface Movement Guidance & Control

110. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS CNPC Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service TACAN and DME Aeronautical Mobile Route Service GPS Gallileo E5A RadioNavigation-Satellite Service Gallileo E5B UAT SSR Rx SSR Tx 960 MHz 1215 MHz1164 Hz Existing Systems Allocations SSR/TCAS/ADS-B Spectrum: ARNS Safety of Life Service • DME • TACAN • ATC Radar Beacons & Mode S • IFF • TCAS/ACAS • ADS-B & UAT • Advanced Surface Movement Guidance & Control • GPS

111. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS CNPC Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service TACAN and DME Aeronautical Mobile Route Service GPS Gallileo E5A RadioNavigation-Satellite Service Link 16 Gallileo E5B Link 16 Link 16 UAT SSR Rx SSR Tx 960 MHz 1215 MHz1164 Hz Existing Systems Allocations SSR/TCAS/ADS-B Spectrum: ARNS Safety of Life Service • DME • TACAN • ATC Radar Beacons & Mode S • IFF • TCAS/ACAS • ADS-B & UAT • Advanced Surface Movement Guidance & Control • GPS • Link 16 (JTIDS/MTIDS)

112. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS CNPC Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service TACAN and DME Aeronautical Mobile Route Service Potential Spectrum for CNPC GPS Gallileo E5A RadioNavigation-Satellite Service Link 16 Gallileo E5B Link 16 Link 16 UAT SSR Rx SSR Tx 960 MHz 1215 MHz1164 Hz Existing Systems Allocations Future Systems SSR/TCAS/ADS-B Spectrum: ARNS Safety of Life Service • DME • TACAN • ATC Radar Beacons & Mode S • IFF • TCAS/ACAS • ADS-B & UAT • Advanced Surface Movement Guidance & Control • GPS • Link 16 (JTIDS/MTIDS) WRC-12 Allocation

113. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS CNPC Frequency Band Used by UAVs L Band (800 to 2 Gz) C Band (4-8 GHz) • Terrestrial Microwave • TV SATCOM feeds • Weather Radars • Line of Sight • Very Congested • Baby monitors • .. Ku Band (12-18 GHz) • Exclusively for Satellites • Less Interference to C Band • Atmospheric Interference • Better SNR Small Drones • Control &Video • Short Range: 10km • Lower freq, lower cost Predator Reaper • When LOS Control • Video Downlink Global hawk • BLOS Control • Video Global hawk/ScanEagle • LOS Control Predator Reaper • BLOS Control • Video Downlink • Relay Shadow/ScanEagle • Video S Band (2-4 Gz) • Weather Radar • SATCOM Shadow • LOS Control

114. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers CNPC Source: RTCA WP-2: Command & Control Data Link ( 18 Mar 2014) UAS Data Link UAS Payload Link

115. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers Basically, a faster network technology offering with improved quality for subscribers : • Improved download and uplink speeds • Lower latency • High Reliability & Availability • Low Cost, Energy Efficient, Simplification of infrastructure • Improved Coverage • Cell Density Download Speeds: 2 to 50 Mpbs Upload Speeds: 1 to 10 Mpbs LTE, LTE-A & 5G

116. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers Basically, a faster network technology offering with improved quality for subscribers : • Improved download and uplink speeds • Lower latency • High Reliability & Availability • Low Cost, Energy Efficient, Simplification of infrastructure • Improved Coverage • Cell Density Download Speeds: 2 to 50 Mpbs Upload Speeds: 1 to 10 Mpbs LTE, LTE-A & 5G Critical role in future networking, automated cars, robotics, health, wearables, smart cities, smart homes

117. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers • Payload Information Distribution • First Person view • Precise Position information, Support toTracking: ATC and UTM • Geo-fencing update to RPA LTE for UAV Use

118. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers Australian Mobile Broadband 700 MHz 2600 MHz LTE and LTE-Ä: Spectrum Allocations

119. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers Australian Mobile Broadband 700 MHz 2600 MHz LTE and LTE-Ä: Spectrum Allocations low frequencies, Longer Range better signal penetration better coverage in buildings, carparks, elevators i.e Urban Environment

120. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers Australian Mobile Broadband 700 MHz 2600 MHz LTE and LTE-Ä: Spectrum Allocations low frequencies, Longer Range better signal penetration better coverage in buildings, carparks, elevators i.e Urban Environment • higher data capacity • Shorter Range

121. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers Australian Mobile Broadband 700 MHz 2600 MHz LTE and LTE-Ä: Spectrum Allocations low frequencies, Longer Range better signal penetration better coverage in buildings, carparks, elevators i.e Urban Environment • higher data capacity • Shorter Range B7 2600 MHz Telstra Telstra B28 700 MHz B3 1800 MHz Telstra B1 2100 MHz Telstra B40 2300 MHz Optus VodofoneVodofone Optus B5 850 MHz Vodofone Optus Optus Optus Telstra B8 900 MHz Optus Optus

122. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers Australian Mobile Broadband 700 MHz 2600 MHz LTE and LTE-Ä: Spectrum Allocations low frequencies, Longer Range better signal penetration better coverage in buildings, carparks, elevators i.e Urban Environment • higher data capacity • Shorter Range B7 2600 MHz LTE-Advanced: Uses Carrier Aggregation Multiple bands are used to speed up data transfers. 2 methods: FDD and TDD. Telstra Telstra B28 700 MHz B3 1800 MHz Telstra B1 2100 MHz Telstra B40 2300 MHz Optus VodofoneVodofone Optus B5 850 MHz Vodofone Optus Optus Optus Telstra B8 900 MHz Optus Optus

123. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers Australian Mobile Broadband 700 MHz 2600 MHz LTE and LTE-Ä: Spectrum Allocations low frequencies, Longer Range better signal penetration better coverage in buildings, carparks, elevators i.e Urban Environment • higher data capacity • Shorter Range B7 2600 MHz LTE-Advanced: Uses Carrier Aggregation Multiple bands are used to speed up data transfers. 2 methods: FDD and TDD. • Telstra combines 700MHz & 1,800MHz using FDD • Makes up 95% of Telstra 4G network • Optus uses TDD on 2300 MHz Telstra Telstra B28 700 MHz B3 1800 MHz Telstra B1 2100 MHz Telstra B40 2300 MHz Optus VodofoneVodofone Optus B5 850 MHz Vodofone Optus Optus Optus Telstra B8 900 MHz Optus Optus

124. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS CNPC Spectrum Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service Australian Mobile Broadband 960 MHz 1215 MHz 2600 MHz700 MHz Potential Spectrum for CNPC WRC-12 Allocation 960 1164 980 1020 Viable LTE Bands for use in CNPC

125. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS CNPC Spectrum Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service Australian Mobile Broadband 960 MHz 1215 MHz 2600 MHz700 MHz Potential Spectrum for CNPC WRC-12 Allocation 960 1164 980 1020 Viable LTE Bands for use in CNPC Aside from supporting payload dissemination, could the LTE Network be used to: • Support UAV/manned surveillance & separation • Conduct UAV Command • Relay UAVTelemetry • UAV to UAV and UAV to ATC Communication

126. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS CNPC Spectrum Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service Australian Mobile Broadband 960 MHz 1215 MHz 2600 MHz700 MHz Telstra B28 Telstra B3 700 1800 Telstra B7 2100 Telstra B1 Telstra B8 900 2600 Potential Spectrum for CNPC WRC-12 Allocation 960 1164 980 1020 Viable LTE Bands for use in CNPC

127. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS CNPC ICAO Identified Critical Failure Modes Overall Availability & Continuity OR C2 Link Interruption-No Component Fail RPAS C2 Link Component Fail Propagation Event Interference Event Airframe Obstruction Capacity OR RPA C2 Equipment Failure GSC Failure Satellite Failure Network Failure OR

128. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS CNPC • RPA Design • Airframe • C2 Equipment EMI/EMC • Software Assurance on critical functions (RTB, FT, Lost Link..) • Network • Path Loss, Range • QoS, • NetworkTraffic and Capacity Development Considerations

129. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS CNPC LTE Advanced Network for Enterprise Services

130. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS CNPC LTE Advanced Network for Enterprise Services FLIP it Could the UAV be used to act as an airborne mobile tower

131. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers • Balloons at the mercy of weather, harder to control, and durability concerns • Are safer if they fall to earth • Cost significantly less. • Google & Facebook investigating using high altitude, long endurance solar UAVs. • Google trumped Facebook in purchasingTitan Aerospace ($60M). • Developing 2 dragon-fly shaped UAVs. • Smaller variant has wingspan larger than Boeing 767 Google Titan Facebook Aquila http://www.theguardian.com/ • Facebook purchased Ascenta ($20M) Google & Facebook: Next-Gen Content Distribution

132. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS UAV Game Changers Multi-hop wireless network: each network node acts as a wireless terminal as well as a router Cost effective positioning of assets according to requirements: • nodes have the flexibility to manouver to meet dynamic demand. Key R&D focus areas include: • Mobility Models: plays a significant role in network performance • Trajectory planning & prediction • Collision Detection and avoidance: multiple trajectories • Routing protocols that discover & adjust to network topology MANET and FANET

133. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Multiple Ad-Hoc Networks Swarms

134. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Multiple Adhoc Networks Swarms VIDEO PLAYED at LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQIMGV5vtd4 Source: Torwards a Swarm of Nano Quadrotors: Alex Kushleyev, Daniel Mellinger, &Vijay Kuma: Grasp Lab Uni of Pennsylvanie

135. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Summary • Highlighted the impact that disruption and automation is, and will have, on the jobs market • Discussed a range of Game Changing UAVTechnologies • UTM • LTE/5G • PED • Swarms • Highlighted some of the challenges for UAVs • To be competitive, Australia must: • move from smoke stack technologies • Foster new business & Innovation • Embrace Risk

136. Copyright:Terrence Martin NOVA SYSTEMS Summary • Highlighted the impact that disruption and automation is, and will have, on the jobs market • Discussed a range of Game Changing UAVTechnologies • UTM • LTE/5G • PED • Swarms • Highlighted some of the challenges for UAVs • To be competitive, Australia must: • move from smoke stack technologies • Foster new business & Innovation • Embrace Risk Will you be a consumer (???), or contribute to an innovative culture that creates jobs for our children?

Presentation at Dalby Drone Show 26 Sep- Dr Terry Martin

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Presentation at Dalby Drone Show 26 Sep- Dr Terry Martin

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