Grant MacInnis, P.Eng.

1. Imagination at work
TWCA – 2015
The Economic Power of Water
GE’s Focus on Reuse
Grant MacInnis, P.Eng.
June 19th, 2015

2. 2
Agenda
1. On what are we focused and why? ReUse.
2. Liquid Stream - Technology to Enhance
ReUse
3. Tertiary Membranes vs. MBR
4. DPR and MBR’s Place
5. Energy-Neutral Wastewater Treatment
6. Minds and Machines
2

3. Global Freshwater Supply Gap
*Assumes productivity is frozen.
Global water withdrawals, 1990-2025*
Billion cubic meters
Available
Resource
Suppl
y Gap4,500
6,200
+38%
Source: 2030 Water Resources Group, 2009; McKinsey’s Resource Revolution, 2011 3

4. .
Sources of Freshwater
Commercial
Recycling
Sewer Mining
Indirect
Potable
Reuse
Direct Potable
Reuse
Industrial
Reuse
Non-potable
Reuse
Desalination
Technologies
Rivers, Lakes,
Groundwater
4

5. How Do You Fill the Gap?
• Water exists – it’s just the
cost of getting it
• Highest cost for desalting
5
Source: WateReuse – The Opportunities and Economics of Direct Potable
Reuse
Typical Costs for California Water Utilities
Typical Costs
Texas
Gap Estimates Range from
3,000,000,000 to 6,000,000,000 gallons per day
between now and 2060

6. 6
What This Actually Looks Like
• Disruptive technologies will change treatment
• Non-potable reuse will continue to grow
• Industry will be forced to recycle
• IPR/DPR will need to flourish
• Resource recovery flow sheets will be more
present
With new variables in the equation
…. Things will look different
6

7. 2. Liquid Stream - Technology to Enhance
ReUse
7

8. 82014 General Electric Company
How is GE Innovating for
the Future
8

9. 9
• 293-unit apartment building in Battery Park, NY
• LEED™ Gold certified
• Recycles up to 25,000 GPD for toilet flush water, cooling tower
make-up and landscape irrigation
• Reduces the freshwater taken from the city’s water supply by over
75%
Solaire Apartments, first onsite water recycling
system inside a residential building in US
The Early Years of MBR
Was used in niche applications which
were decentralized for off the grid
capacity
Drivers
Solved water availability concerns
Able to meet strict standards
Guaranteed effluent reliability
99Commercial Reuse

10. 10
• Initially used as a feed for the electronics industry, wafer fabrication
plants, and commercial building cooling towers
• A growing percentage is released back into local reservoirs for
indirect potable reuse applications
Bedok NEWater Factory – Singapore
The Start of Reuse with UF
Membranes - NEWater
Flowsheet
Drivers
Progressive nature of Singapore
Inadequate supplies of renewable fresh water
10
10
Non-Potable Reuse

11. 11
• Water produced for irrigation
• Frees up fresh water for human consumption
• Will treat up to 160 million gallons per day
• World’s largest membrane based wastewater filtration
project
Sulaibiya, Kuwait, creating new water sources
The Evolution of Tertiary UF
Moved from support to unsupported fibers
… ZW1000 & ZW1500
Drivers
Focus on efficiency
Lifecycle equation become important
11Non-Potable / Agricultural Reuse

12. 3. Tertiary Membranes vs. MBR
12

13. Tertiary Membranes vs MBR
Aeration / Anox Basins
Screening
Clarification
Membrane
Filtration
Tertiary Membrane Process
MBR
Aeration / Anox Basins
Screening
Immersed Membranes

14. 14
• 3.75 million gallon per day reuse
• Treated effluent from wastewater treatment plant
• Used for vineyard and golf course irrigation
• Reduces fresh water drawn
from the Napa River
Technology: ZeeWeed MBR with Disinfection
American Canyon, California - achieving
stringent California Title 22 reuse standards
Irrigating Vineyards with
Wastewater
Challenge: Insufficient water from river to
meet vineyard’s irrigation needs
Solution: Treat and reuse municipal
wastewater effluent for irrigation
1414Sewer Mining / Agricultural Reuse

15. 15
• Conserves 25 million gallons of Australia’s fresh water a year
• Advanced MBR produces 172,000 gallons of high quality water per
day which is used to irrigate 55 acres
• “We are proud to be the first to embrace this innovative approach. It
is bringing us a drought-proof supply of water that minimizes impact
on Australia’s fresh water reserves.”
— Steve Walker, president, Pennant Hills Golf Club
Technology: ZeeWeed MBR with UV Disinfection
Pennant Hills Golf Club - Australia’s first
commercial sewer mining water reuse plant
Harvesting Wastewater from
Sewers
Challenge: Ongoing drought challenged
availability of water for golf course
Solution: Sewer mining water reuse plant
provides irrigation water
15Sewer Mining / Agricultural Reuse

16. 16
• First food manufacturing site in the United States to achieve LEED
EB Gold Certification
• Treats and recycles 648,000 gallons per day of wastewater from the
manufacturing process for rinse and wash water and for irrigation
• Site achieved 90 percent reduction in water and electricity usage
with upgrade
Frito Lay Casa Grande, Arizona – achieving
corporate targets of “net zero” footprint
Industrial Recycling
MBR has become the gold standard for
industrial reuse in:
Food & Beverage HPI/CPI
Pharma
Drivers
Cost of water Zero downtime
Effluent quality Footprint
1616Industrial Reuse

17. 17
Life cycle cost (CAPEX + OPEX)
Life cycle cost is
lower for MBR
compared to CAS
for enhanced
nutrient removal
and water reuse
applications
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6

18. 18
• Located in a rock formation in the center of Stockholm, with 18 km
of tunnels blasted
• To treat 2/3 of the cities wastewater, treating up to 864 million
gallons per day
• Effluent to achieve low nutrient requirements to comply with the
Baltic Sea Action Plan and EU Directives
Henriksdal WWTP, Sweden – to become the
largest MBR in the world
Growth to a New Order of
Magnitude
MBR selected as the technology of choice
for ever growing sized plants
Drivers
Footprint Reliability
Effluent Quality Cost Effectiveness
1818

19. 19
• Residents under strict water use restrictions due to drought
• Discharges more than 7 million gallons of advanced treated
wastewater effluent a day into Lake Fort Phantom Hill reservoir
Flowsheet: MBR followed by reverse osmosis (60%) ozone system
or a biological activated carbon filtration (40%), then blended and
treated with chlorine for disinfection
Hamby WRF, TX – city of Abilene looks to IPR to
maintain reservoirs
Wastewater for Potable Reuse
1919
Challenge: Reservoirs in drought stricken
area hitting critically low levels
Solution: Introducing a sustainable
source of water to replenish
IPR

20. Tertiary vs. MBR
Aeration / Anox Basins
Screening
Clarification
Membrane
Filtration
Tertiary Membrane Process
MBR
Aeration / Anox Basins
Screening
Immersed Membranes
$4 / gpd + $1.5 / gpd
$4 / gpd

21. 4. DPR and MBR’s Place
21

22. 22
• Reuse requirements driven by drought and depleted
ground water
• MBR Treating 100,000 gallons per day and blend up to
50/50 with spring or ground water
Cloudcroft, New Mexico – one of few DPR
plants being constructed in the United States
MBR’s Role in DPR
Technology is well suited for this
application
Benefits
Feed to RO Combining Unit Operations
Challenges
Membrane process treated like drinking water
Regulation gap and understanding of
capability
2222

23. 23
MBR’s Role in DPR
• Tertiary UF Giardia and Crypto = 4 log
• Validate MBR for at least 2.5 log
• NWRI, Carollo, SNWA, SCVWD, C.of Sunnydale, Biovir Labs
2323

24. 6. Energy Neutral Wastewater Treatment
24

25. power – wastewater nexus
Wastewater treatment accounts
for 3% of the electrical load in
the US (1)
(1) EPA Office of Water. Wastewater Management Fact Sheet,
Energy Conservation, EPA 832-F-06-024, July 2006.
The energy content of
wastewater is 2-4X the
energy required to treat
it… an unexploited
resource (2)
(2) Tchobanoglous, G. Impacts of New Concepts and
Technology on the Energy Sustainability of Wastewater
Management, Climate Change Sustainable
Development and Renewable Energy Sources
Conference, Thessaloniki Greece, October 2009.

26. The aspirational goal… an energy neutral
plant
Shift from wastewater treatment to resource recovery
Wastewater
Energy
• Biosolids to landfill
• Micropollutants to environment
• Waste water discharge to sensitive areas
• Green House gas emissions
• Huge energy drain
Today… wastewater as a burden to treat & discharge
Wastewater
Future… ‘opportunity water’ treated to recover valuable resources
Organic
waste
• Water for irrigation and reuse, limited
solids disposal
• Energy back to grid
• Recovery of nutrients (N, P)
• Elimination of public health concerns

27. A new energy neutral flow sheet
Optimize shunt of organics
to sludge treatment;
minimize organic load to
biological treatment
Reliable N removal using proven
nitrification-denitrification;
Maximize oxygen transfer
efficiency
Energy (electricity, heat) from
biogas with high efficiency CHP
Anaerobic digestion for
generation of biogas

28. Enhanced primary
treatment

29. Small footprint… 1/10th the size
of primary clarification
OPEX savings… energy
CAPEX savings… less
concrete, fewer unit operations
Simplified design… fewer unit
operations
Innovative low-energy
advanced primary
treatment
TSS removal 50 to 70%
BOD removal 25 to 40%
Outstanding Screening for Membrane Systems
Performs the function of a primary
clarifier and fine screen in a fraction
of the footprint
Benefits

30. A new energy neutral flow sheet
Optimize shunt of organics
to sludge treatment;
minimize organic load to
biological treatment
Reliable N removal using proven
nitrification-denitrification;
Maximize oxygen transfer
efficiency
Energy (electricity, heat) from
biogas with high efficiency CHP
Anaerobic digestion for
generation of biogas

31. Biological treatment

32. Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor (MABR)
conceptual process
A gas transfer
membrane delivers
oxygen to a biofilm
attached to the
surface of the
membrane
Oxygen transfer is
4X more efficient
than fine bubble
aeration
Air inlet
Air outlet

33. 33
ZeeLung enabled MABR value proposition
75%reduction in energy for aeration
20-40%reduction in bioreactor volume
Simplicity doing more with less

34. ZeeLung reduces the energy for aeration by
75%
Aeration efficiency, kg O2/kWh
Conventional aeration
technologies are inefficient and
are the largest consumers of
energy in a WWTP
ZeeLung aeration efficiency is
4X best available fine bubble
aeration, resulting in 4X
reduction in energy
consumption for process
aeration
ZeeLung
MABR
Fine Bubble
Aeration
0.5 to 1.5
1 to 2
≥ 6
Surface
Aeration

35. ZeeLung saves energy
Energy consumption, kWh/Mgal (kWh/m3)
For a 10 MGD plant with an
energy cost of $0.10/kWh, the
annual cost savings are $400k,
which is 45% of the energy bill
ZeeLung
MABR
2,400
(0.63)
1,320
(0.35)
Nitrifying
CAS
Aeration
Other

36. A new energy neutral flow sheet
Optimize shunt of organics
to sludge treatment;
minimize organic load to
biological treatment
Reliable N removal using proven
nitrification-denitrification;
Maximize oxygen transfer
efficiency
Energy (electricity, heat) from
biogas with high efficiency CHP
Anaerobic digestion for
generation of biogas

37. 37
Smart Capacity… 3x digester
capacity vs. conventional
Renewable Energy… Increase
Biogas by 25%
Retrofit… Maximize existing
assets
OPEX Savings… Less resultant
biosolids
GE Advanced Anaerobic Digestion
Enables plant owners to
maximize their digester assets,
and convert WWTP’s into
energy centers
Benefits
37

38. 38
• Produces 5.75MW of renewable electricity (eq. of 10,000
households)
• Covers plant parasitic loads, as well as sending electricity to the grid
• 40,000 tpa of organics diverted from landfills
• Substantially reduce GHG emissions
Technology: GE Advanced Anaerobic Digestion Technology for
sludge and food waste
Avonmouth WwTW, Energy Positive
Wastewater Treatment with co-located
sludge/food waste digestion
Enabling Energy Neutral
Wastewater with Existing
AssetsChallenge: Conventional Plant has high energy
demand and operating costs, need to maximize energy
recovery from digestion
Solution: Upgrade with Monsal Advanced AD,
increase digester loading to free up volume to accept
organic wastes
3838

39. 5. Minds and Machines
39

40. The real opportunity for change… surpassing
the magnitude of the consumer Internet… is
the Industrial Internet, an open, global network
that connects people, data, and machines.
The vision is clear

41. Big data, analytics +
integration with machines,
facilities and fleets
Computing power and
rise of distributed
information networks
Machines and
factories that power
economies of scale
and scope
time
Innovation
Wave 1
Industrial Revolution
Wave 2
Internet Revolution
Wave 3
Industrial Internet
The Waves of Innovation

42. Descriptive (What)
“Know the current state
Capture what is going on”
Prescriptive (What-if)
“Drive fully-automated or pre-configured
process and system optimization,
improve assets and processes ”
Predictive (When)
“Know how to avoid the problem
by predicting before it occurs”
Diagnostic (Why)
“Understand, troubleshoot,
know what caused the problem”
Climbing the Analytic Maturity Staircase
W. Edwards Deming

43. GE Predictivity™ Solutions
GE Aviation – Engine reliability, fuel
performance, flight safety solutions,
navigation insights.
GE Healthcare – Asset
management, patient safety, patient
flow, collaboration across networks
GE Oil & Gas – Total equipment
reliability, sub-sea inspection system
optimization, field production and
pipeline insights
GE Manufacturing –
Manufacturing process
efficiencies, food safety
assurance
GE Mining – Concentrator
insights and efficiency – maximized
mine production
GE Power Distribution
– Grid delivery optimization
– advanced meter insights
GE Power Generation –
Turbine power flexibility and
performance, maximizing asset
lifetime
GE Rail – Locomotive Uptime,
efficient trip management,
maintenance and parts management
GE Water & Process –
Connected controls for plant
operations to increase efficiencies
and reliability
GE Wind – Wind turbine
performance, total wind farm
output maximized

44. 44
Features of InSight
A GE Predictivity TM Solution
 Early Detection & Warning
 Analytics
 Asset Optimization
 Productivity
 Collaboration
 Mobility

45. Goal: Increase
UF system
recovery by
implementing
incremental
changes to
production run
time
Annual impact is 1.1 million gallons saved per year
InSight: UF Membrane Optimization
Increased
backpuls
e interval
from 60
to 70 min
Increased
backpuls
e interval
from 70
to 80 min
Increased
backpuls
e interval
from 90
to 100
min
Increased
backpuls
e interval
from 80
to 90 min
Result: 2%
increase in system
recovery while
maintaining
operation
performance

46. 46
Service Reliability Centers

47. 47
Innovating for the Future
Aligning the best people with the most advanced
technology, products and services to solve any
water or process challenge our customers may
have
47