Finding and managing engineering information … and the challenge of publishing Open Access

September 2015 University Library, Thomas Hapke
Finding and managing
engineering information
… and the challenge of
publishing Open Access
Photos: R. Jupitz

Information challenges for
academic research
• Being more sure not to miss something essential?
– Systematically using subject-specific databases
• Getting access to full texts?
– Search engines and beyond
• Coping with information overload?
– Using reference managent software like Zotero or Citavi
• Citing and respecting intellectual property rights
− an aspect of Good Scientific Practice
• Publishing Open Access!?

Informing – Points to survive
1. Orientation before searching.
Use subject gateways, reference
works and your local library!
This presentation! 8-)

Subject gateways
U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
http://www.econbiz.de
A printed source: Using the engineering literature /
Bonnie A. Osif. 2. ed. 2012.
Shelf number for reference copy: TEA-804
http://www.tib.uni-hannover.de/en.html
https://getinfo.de/app?&lang=en

• Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
(6. ed., 2002, 40 Bände)
Online im TUHH-Intranet (2015 ed.)!
• Comprehensive biotechnology
(6 Vol., 2. ed., 2011)
Online in TUHH Intranet!
• Comprehensive Renewable Energy
(2013, 8 vols)
Online im TUHH-Intranet!
• Encyclopedia of industrial biotechnology,
bioprocess, bioseparation, and cell technology
(2010, 7 Bände)
• Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical
Technology
(5. ed., 2004-2007)
• Encyclopedia of ethical, legal, and
policy issues in biotechnology (2000)
Using encyclopedias and
reference works!

Subject information
Process engineering @TUBHH
http://www.tub.tuhh.de/en/subject-information/process-and-chemical-engineering/

2. Don‘t trust only one information source.
How to be more sure not to miss
something essential?

Finding journal articles via
subject-specific databases
Web of Science with Science Citation Index
- interdisciplinary! Who cited a specific document?
How much is a document cited?
TEMA (Technology and Management),
wti Frankfurt, formerly Fachinformationszentrum (FIZ) Technik
(Access to these reference databases only within TUHH intranet)
PubMed

Differences
Seach engines Subject databases
• Interdisciplinary sources
• Widely intuitively to use
• Full text often searchable
• Rarely intellectual indexing
• Abbrevating of search terms
automatically („stemming“)
• Search philosophy: Best hits,
relevance ranking
• Good for subject-specific searching
• Sophisticated stragegies for
searching possible
• Full text not included in search index
• Partially intellectual indexing with
descriptors or integrated thesaurus
• Abbreviating search terms with
wildcard symbol (often *)
• Search philosophy: Exact hits,
Boolean combination of search terms
Use diverse databases and search engines!

Database of databases:
Subject overview
www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/dbinfo/
http://tinyurl.com/DBIS-TUHH (German interface only)

Articles’ databases:
Diversity and outcome
Database GVK-Plus (GBV
Common
Library
Network )
PubMed, TEMA
(wti), Web of
Science
Publishers‘
portals: Wiley,
SpringerLink,
ScienceDirect
Google
Scholar, BASE
(Bielefeld
Acad. Search
Engine)
Content articles, books,
and more
Articles,
(conference
papers)
articles, books,
book chapters
articles, books,
files, and more
Searchable
content
bibliographical
description
bibliographical
description,
abstracts
bibliographical
description,
abstracts, full
text
full text
Content
from
printed and
electronic
holdings of
libraries
diverse
publishers
only publisher,
here e.g.
Springer
who knows?
8-)
Access to
full text
directly, through
library in print
or ordering via
interlibary loan
through other
databases, link
resolver or
interlibrary loan
directly, in case
access is part of
subscription
directly, access
maybe
restricted

About 60 % of the information in patents is not
published elsewhere.
DEPATISnet - the German patent information
system at http://depatisnet.dpma.de
esp@cenet – European Patent Office
http://worldwide.espacenet.com/
US patents via the US Patent and Trademark
Office http://patft.uspto.gov/
https://www.tub.tuhh.de/en/find/patents/
Patents for talents!

Searching for
substance properties’ data
 In reference works
(CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Perry's Chemical
Engineers' Handbook, Aldrich Handbook)
 In extensive substance property collections
(„Handbooks“)
(Landolt-Börnstein Numerical data and functional relationships in
science and technology, Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic and
Organometallic Chemistry, Beilstein Handbook of Organic
Chemistry)
 Via the net
(e.g. NIST Chemistry WebBook at webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/ or
the Physical Properties Sources Index (PPSI) at
http://www.eqi.ethz.ch/en/
- also: Reaxys, SciFinder, both not @TUHamburg)
More:
https://www.tub.tuhh.de/en/find/substance-property-data/

3. In case you are asked for your login or for your credit card,
remember the library …
How to get full text?

How to get the full text
of this article?
Bohr, H; Bohr, J: Microwave-enhanced folding and
denaturation of globular proteins.
Phys. Rev. E Vol.: 61 Iss.: 4 Pg: 4310-4314
Access not possible via publisher‘s
website within TUHH intranet.
Catalog and link resolver link to
fulltext via GetInfo at TIB Hannover!

Beyond Google!
FindING @ TUHH-Bibliothek
First orientation
Library Catalog TUBfind
Actual
research information
Specials
Reference databases for journal articles:
TEMA, Web of Science
Civil engineering: RSWB, TEMA
Electrical engeineering: Inspec, TEMA, (IEEE)
Mechanical engineering: TEMA, Web of Science
Process engineering: Web of Science, TEMA
Business sciences: TEMA, Business Source
Premier, WISO
Library website: https://www.tub.tuhh.de/en/
Subject groups in reading room
Encyclopedias and other reference works
Media - digital (TUHH intranet!) or printed
(reading rooms, closed stacks)
https://katalog.tub.tuhh.de/?mylang=en
German DIN standards online!
Patents: Esp@cenet, DEPATISnet
Interlibrary loan and document delivery

TUBfind
The library catalog as search engine

Looking for books
http://www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/kvk.html
GVK - GBV Union Catalogue
http://gso.gbv.de/DB=2.1/LNG=EN/
http://www.worldcat.org/
Local library catalog,
e.g. from the TUHH library
https://katalog.tub.tuhh.de/?mylang=en
Regional Catalogue of Hamburg
http://gso.gbv.de/DB=2.91/LNG=EN/
http://books.google.com
http://beluga.hamburg

„On the shoulders of“
Google Scholar
Ca. 1410
Quelle: http://lccn.loc.gov/50041709

Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com
Finding full texts

Via linking service
to the catalog!

From Google Scholar
to the printed book!
Classical interface of the catalog!

A further example
Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com

Request for interlibrary loan!

Ordering interlibrary loan
via GBV database

Request for copy!
Ordering!

Interlibrary loan via
library union network
Interlibrary loan for material not
owned by the TUHH library!
Use the databases of the
GBV Common Library Network
to locate material!
Fee 1,50 € for one article (copy) or
book.

Request details already filled!

Function of Link
Resolvers
Cited source
Link Resolver
Source of full text
Knowledge base
with local
holdings data
Catalog data,
maintenance through
library
Meta data
(in OpenURL)
URL of source,
e.g. DOI
(in OpenURL)
Search in catalog,
interlibrary loan
database
Meta data
(in OpenURL)

4. When searching: „Bulls*** in, bulls*** out.“
Think about search terms you use and their
variations and synonyms.
Poorly chosen search terms bring poor search
results. Too general key words lead to too many
hits from which often only a fraction is useful;
when using too specific key words, important
information might not be found.

Play! With search terms!
Make a search term diagram!
Topic: Microbial degradation of aromatic compounds in soil
Component 1 Component 2 Component 3
Microbi* degrad* aromat* soil*
Biodegrad* Polyaromat* Clay*
Bioremed* Benzene compost*
Microbi* decompos* PAH sediment*
Mikrobiol* abbau* Naphthalin Boden*
Böden
Component 1 AND Component 2 AND Component 3
where e.g.
Component 1 = (“microbi* degrad*”) OR biodegrad* OR bioremed* OR...

Playing with search terms
in Web of Science
www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/dbinfo/

Play! With databases!
Explore database features:
• Boolean logic
• Wildcard symbols: * ? $
• “Neighborhood operators”:
Context and phrases
• Search fields:
Basic index, author field,
descriptor or thesaurus fields

5. When finding information - think already of its further
processing, respectively later publication of your
research results.
How to cope with
information overload?

Reference management
is no art!
Matej Krén, Idiom, Town Library Prague (1998), Photo
2009
Today not searching or finding is the main problem,
but coping with information overload!

Software for reference
management
http://www.tub.tuhh.de/en/publishing/reference-management/

Possible functionalities
in Citavi
Step-by-Step Overview
http://ftp.citavi.com/service/en/docs/Ci
tavi_5_Slideshows.pdf
Numbers can be used for short
links to step-by-step guides in
the manual, e.g.
www.citavi.com/shows/10

Reference management
on the web with Zotero

Bibliographical formats
to import
TY - JOUR
SN - 0926-9630
AU - Jauhiainen, A.
AU - Pulkkinen, R.
T1 - Problem-based learning
JF - Studies in health
SP - 572
EP - 576
VL - 146
PY - 2009
KW - Education
KW - Nursing
ER -
RIS
%0 Journal Article
%@ 0926-9630
%A Jauhiainen, A.
%A Pulkkinen, R.
%T Problem-based learning
%J Studies in health
%P 572-576
%V 146
%D 2009
%K Education
%K Nursing
EndNote Tagged
@article{Jauhiainen_Pulkkinen:
2009,
author = {Jauhiainen, A. and
Pulkkinen, R.},
year = {2009},
title = {Problem-based
learning and e-learning
methods in clinical practice},
keywords = {Education;
Nursing},
pages = {572--576},
volume = {146},
issn = {0926-9630},
journal = {Studies in health}
}
BibTeX
PMID- 19592907
PT - Journal Article
IS - 0926-9630 (Print)
AU - Jauhiainen A
AU - Pulkkinen R
TI - Problem-based learning
JT - Studies in health
PG - 572-6
VI - 146
DP - 2009
MH - Education
MH - Nursing
No Standard

Types of Citation Styles
40
References as
in-text
citations
Author / Date
(Doe, Smith 2009:
14)
Reference
number
[34]
Citation Key
[DoS09:14]
References as
footnotes
Author / Date
Doe, Smith 2009: 14
Full citation
Jane Doe, Mia
Smith: E-Learning.
London 2009, p. 14
Full citation in footnotes sometimes
called „Oxford System“.
Known style = Chicago-Manual of Style
Author-Year-System also called
„Harvard System“.
Known style = APA-Style.

Combining Citavi or Zotero
with Word or Writer

How to reduce uncertainty to miss
important information?
• Using different databases.
• Using subject-specific databases.
• Reflecting on appropriate search terms.
• Knowing how to logically combine search terms
within a specific database interface.
• Keeping treck of results through effective
reference management.
• …
A first summary

Citing as part of Good
Scientific Practice

Research integrity
„European Code of Conduct for Research
Integrity“ (2011) of the European Science
Foundation
http://www.esf.org/coordinating-
research/mo-fora/research-integrity.html
„[T]he principles of integrity in scientific and
scholarly research […] include:
• honesty in communication;
• reliability in performing research;
• objectivity;
• impartiality and independence;
• openness and accessibility;
• duty of care;
• fairness in providing references and
giving credit; and
• responsibility for the scientists and
researchers of the future.“ (p.5)

Good Scientific Practice
Recommendations of the German Research
Foundation (DFG) for "Safeguarding Good
Scientific Practice” (Updated 2013)
http://www.dfg.de/en/research_funding/princi
ples_dfg_funding/good_scientific_practice/
• Richtlinie zur Sicherung guter
wissenschaftlicher Praxis und zum
Umgang mit wissenschaftlichem
Fehlverhalten an der Technischen
Universität Hamburg-Harburg
http://www.tuhh.de/tuhh/uni/informationen/or
dnungen-richtlinien/richtlinie-zur-sicherung-
guter-wissenschaftlicher-praxis.html

Play the Dilemma Game
“Dilemma Game ‘Professionalism and
Integrity in Research’” offered by the
Erasmus University Rotterdam
http://www.eur.nl/english/eur/publications/int
egrity/dilemma_game/

Basic rules for citing
1) Used sources have to be quoted.
2) Position of references has to be without any doubt.
3) Cited sources have to be traceable because of bibliographical
description.
4) Consult the original document of your sources!
Don‘t use a citation from a paper without looking at the
original document of the citation.
Avoid secondary citations!
According:
Theuerkauf, Judith: Schreiben im Ingenieurstudium : Effektiv und effizient zur Bachelor-, Master- und
Doktorarbeit. Paderborn : Schöningh, 2012, pp. 86-99.
Biedermann, Wieland et al: Forschungsmethodik in den Ingenieurwissenschaften : Skript vom Lehrstuhl für
Produktentwicklung, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Lindemann, Technische Universität München (TUM), 2012, p. 63.

Avoid secondary
citations! An example
A conference paper cited a lot
Friedel, L. (1979). Improved Friction Pressure Drop Correlations for
Horizontal and Vertical Two-Phase Pipe Flow, European Two-Phase
Flow Group Meeting, Ispra, Italy, June, Paper E2.

Also actually cited a lot!
Horizontal and Vertical Two-Phase Pipe Flow. …

Locating paper via
interlibrary loan!
Searching the catalog of the GBV Common Library Network
(https://www.gbv.de/?set_language=en):

Accessible at TIB/UB
Hannover!
Searching the catalog of the GBV Common Library Network:

Getting the paper via
interlibrary loan!
Accessible is only the abstract!
Friedel, L. (1979). Improved
Friction Pressure Drop
Correlations for Horizontal and
Vertical Two-Phase Pipe Flow,
European Two-Phase Flow Group
Meeting, Ispra, Italy, June, Paper
E2.
And now?

Searching the paper in an
engineering database!
Database: TEMA Technology and Management from wti-Frankfurt

Complete paper
appeared in a journal!
Result in TEMA:
Friedel, L. (1979).
Improved Friction
Pressure Drop
Correlations for
Horizontal and Vertical
Two-Phase Pipe Flow,
European Two-Phase
Flow Group Meeting,
Ispra, Italy, June, Paper
E2.

Journal in print available
at TUHH library!
Friedel, L. (1979).
Improved Friction
Pressure Drop
Correlations for
Horizontal and Vertical
Two-Phase Pipe Flow,
European Two-Phase
Flow Group Meeting,
Ispra, Italy, June, Paper
E2.

Searching for paper in
database Web of Science!

Versions of citing
Friedel‘s paper
Searching the database
„Web of Science“!
The correct citation:
Friedel, L. (1979). Improved
Friction Pressure Drop
Correlations for Horizontal
and Vertical Two-Phase Pipe
Flow.
In: 3 R-International, 18, 7,
485-491.
„Mixtures“ 8-)

5. When finding information - think already of its further
processing respectively later publication of your
research results.
6. Keeping current …
7. Reflect on information and on your own information behavior
https://www.tub.tuhh.de/en/find/subject-information/informing-points-to-survive/

Thinking about publishing
Graphics from: J. Priem, D. Taraborelli, P. Groth, C. Neylon
(2010), Altmetrics: A manifesto, 26 October 2010.
http://altmetrics.org/manifesto CC BY-SA

Journals’ Crisis
Length of publication process, subscription prices of
journals => Open Access (OA)
Authors want to
publish more,
readers want to
read less.
(Hans E. Roosendaal, University of
Twente)
http://engineering.library.cornell.edu/about/StickerShock
http://engineering.library.cornell.edu/about/StickerShock2
Foto: TilarX / Flickr
https://www.flickr.com/photos/tylerstefanich/21176
33427/
CC BY 2.0
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

Services for publishing
Foto: TilarX / Flickr
https://www.flickr.com/photos/tylerstefanich/21176
33427/
CC BY 2.0
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)
https://www.tub.tuhh.de/en/publishing/

Open knowledge
Openness defined: “Open data and content can be freely used,
modified, and shared by anyone for any purpose”
http://opendefinition.org/
Graphics: e-InfraNet: ‘Open’ as the default modus operandi for research and
higher education (2013) http://tinyurl.com/diversity-openness
CC-BY-SA 3.0 Lizenz
https://okfn.org/

Open Access (OA)
• Without costs for readers
• Worldwide availability without technical or legal
barriers
• TUB HH:
http://www.tub.tu-harburg.de/en/publishing/openaccess/
• http://www.openaccessweek.org
Free and unhindered access to scholarly
information for anybody
Supported by all major German research communities:
Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the
Sciences and Humanities. 22 October 2003

Better visibility and
citation of
documents and
data
Immediate access
to scientific
information free
of cost
Easy reuse and
modification
Fast discussion
and reception of
research results
Way out of the
journal crisis for
libraries
Better quality
because anybody
can find mistakes
Copyright stays
with the author
Reasons for Open Access

Ensuring the
quality of Open
Access
publications!?
Using alternative
methods for peer
review, e.g.
altmetrics!?
Managing author
costs (article
processing
charges)!?
Ensuring longtime
archiving!?
Using open
content
licenses!?
Managing
copyright issues
when
publishing!?
Getting and
measuring
impact and
reputation!?
Open Access challenges

„Open Access is a strategic aim of TUHH“
Presidium of TUHH 20.03.2013
The Golden Road:
First publication in Open
Access journal
Articles in peer-reviewed
Open Access journals
Finding the right journal:
Directory of Open Access
Journals www.doaj.org
Publication fees:
Support by Publishing Fund
of TUHH
The Green Road:
Parallel publication of pre-
and postprints as Open
Access
Practicing the right to
publish pre-/post-prints as
secondary publication
Self archiving via TUBdok:
Open Access Repository of
the TUHH
What is allowed by my
publisher:
Open Access Policies
www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/
Ways to publish Open Access

Using open licences
CC 0 Public Domain
CC BY 4.0 Attribution (Indicate if changes were made)
CC BY-SA 4.0 Attribution-ShareAlike
CC BY-ND 4.0 Attribution-NoDerivatives
CC BY-NC 4.0 Attribution-NonCommercial
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
CC BY-NC-ND
4.0
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives
CC-Graphics: http://creativecommons.org/examples / CC BY 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
A modular system for securing
some intellectual property
rights:
Share – Adapt – Remix
Photo: TilarX / Flickr
https://www.flickr.com/photos/tylerstefanich/2117633427/
CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

Nature Special 2013
on the future of publishing
http://www.nature.com/news/specials/scipublishing/
Open Access
Data curation
Quality of Open Access
publishers
Alternatives to Peer Review:
“Altmetrics”
Impact Factor and Hirsch-
Index
Creative Commens-Licences

Another tip:
Thinking anew about science!
Open Access publication 2014: http://www.openingscience.org/get-the-book/

At the end something general
Some general hints and key competences when managing
information
‣ Be prepared for constant change.
‣ Know your skills and limits!
‣ Tolerate ambiguity and differences.
‣ Don‘t give up too early.
‣ Be aware that every fact is the result of an act, that information
has been created by somebody with a certain purpose.
According: T. Hapke: Informationskompetenz in einer neuen Informationskultur. In:
Handbuch Informationskompetenz, S. 36-48. Ed. W. Sühl-Strohmenger. Berlin: De Gruyter
Saur, 2012.

A written summary
of this presentation
Appendix I. The world of biotechnology
information: seven points for reflecting on
your information behavior (by T. Hapke)
In: Buchholz, K., Kasche, V., Bornscheuer, U.T.:
Biocatalysts and Enzyme Technology. 2. ed.
Wiley-VCH, 2012, S. 553-564.
Preprint available at: http://www.chemie.uni-
greifswald.de/~biotech/assets/downloads/Infor
mation_BuchholzKascheBornscheuer.pdf

Contact
Thomas Hapke
Web: http://www.tuhh.de/b/hapke/
Blog: http://blog.hapke.de
Slidespace: http://www.slideshare.net/thapke
Tweets: http://twitter.com/thapke
Informing – Points to survive at
https://www.tub.tuhh.de/en/informing-points-to-survive/

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