4. Human trafficking only effects women
and children
FICTION
Men are also vulnerable to being exploited in slave-like
circumstance. Unless we understand this, men are often left
out of the equation
5. Most human trafficking results in
women/girls ending up in the sex
industry.
Fact or fiction?
6. Most human trafficking results in
women/girls ending up in the sex
industry.
FICTION
There are many outcomes of human trafficking including
labor exploitation, domestic servitude, fisheries, agriculture.
Of an estimated $32 billion in net profits per annum globally,
$20 million is from labour trafficking.
8. Extending education for young girls
reduces human trafficking.
FICTION
Some female education programs increases a girls’ chance of
being trafficked at a later time.
After an additional two years of education, a family might
have very high expectations.
The girl is then sent to the city where she can’t compete with
the better trained urban folks and then becomes vulnerable
to be trafficked.
9. 2. THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN HUMAN
TRAFFICKING, SLAVERY AND
EXPLOITATION.
Understanding the terms used.
10. What is the outcome of human
trafficking?
Outcome of Human Trafficking
=
Slavery or slavery-like conditions
11. What does the phrase “Human
Trafficking” address?
Human Trafficking
=
How a person gets into the slavery or slave-like
situation (e.g. often includes trickery, deception,
and/or forced movement)
12. Does there always have to have
movement from one place to another
within human trafficking?
Not necessarily. It doesn’t matter if a person
crosses a border, goes from one province to
another (internal trafficking), or crosses the street.
If the outcome is slavery or a slave-like situation, it
is all the same.
13. What is the difference between slavery,
the outcome of trafficking and
exploitation?
Slavery and/or the outcome of trafficking
=
Excessive Exploitation (as defined by
specific characteristics)
14. What are some relevant characteristics
of slavery and/or the outcome of
human trafficking?
Slavery and/or the outcome of human trafficking
(which constitutes excessive exploitation)
=
No pay (or excessively low pay); or
Loss of control over one’s work-related circumstances
(real or perceived inability to leave); or
Both
15. What are the main points?
1. Slavery and the outcome of human trafficking
share the same set of factors (related to lack of
pay, and/or loss of control)
2. They both represent a form of excessive
exploitation
3. Thus, exploitation should not be considered as a
separate concept in relation to slavery and the
outcome of trafficking
4. The contributing factors fall somewhere along a
continuum from bad to good – crossing the line
into slavery at some point
16. EXPLOITATION
CONTINUUMS
Pay and loss of control
An illustration of these continuums is on the next page
17. PAY
Payment continuum
No pay or prospect of pay Low or unfair pay Fair pay
CONTROL
Debt
Excessive, unfair debt used Debt compounded by
Legitimate debt
to hold a person in place unfair fees/practices
Freedom of movement
Restricted movement Can come and go
Limited movement
at all times at will
Abuse/threats
Abuse/threats used
Some threats/abuse No threats/abuse
to hold a person in place
18. PAY
Payment continuum
No pay or prospect of pay Low or unfair pay Fair pay
Along this “payment continuum,” the
CONTROL factors range from fair pay to no pay at all.
If a person has not been paid and/or if
Debt
there appears to be a good chance he/she
never will, this constitutes a slavery, slave-
Excessive, unfair debt used like or humancompoundedoutcome.
Debt trafficking by
Legitimate debt
to hold a person in place unfair fees/practices
Freedom of movement
Restricted movement Can come and go
Limited movement
at all times at will
Abuse/threats
Abuse/threats used
Some threats/abuse No threats/abuse
to hold a person in place
19. PAY
Payment continuum
No pay or prospect of pay Low or unfair pay Fair pay
At this point along the continuum, there
CONTROL might be some exploitation, but not
enough to be considered trafficking.
Debt
Excessive, unfair debt used Debt compounded by
Legitimate debt
to hold a person in place unfair fees/practices
Freedom of movement
Restricted movement Can come and go
Limited movement
at all times at will
Abuse/threats
Abuse/threats used
Some threats/abuse No threats/abuse
to hold a person in place
20. PAY
Payment continuum
No pay or prospect of pay Low or unfair pay Fair pay
CONTROL
Debt
Below are three factors
Excessive, unfair debt used
(among others) that Debt compounded by
Legitimate debt
contribute person in place
to hold a
to a person losing unfair fees/practices
control of his/her ability to
leave a work related situation.Freedom of movement
When a person loses control
of whether he/she can leave
Restricted movement Can come and go
a worksite, this too can Limited movement
at all times at will
constitute a slavery, slave-like
or human trafficking
outcome. Abuse/threats
Abuse/threats used
Some threats/abuse No threats/abuse
to hold a person in place
21. PAY
Payment continuum
No pay or prospect of pay Low or unfair pay Fair pay
CONTROL
Debt
Excessive, unfair debt used Debt compounded by
Legitimate debt
to hold a person in place unfair fees/practices
Freedom of movement
Restricted movement Can come and go
Limited movement
at all times at will
Once again, exploitation might exist,
but in in a form that is not sufficient
Abuse/threats to be considered slave-like.
enough
Abuse/threats used
Some threats/abuse No threats/abuse
to hold a person in place
22. PAY
Payment continuum
No pay or prospect of pay Low or unfair pay Fair pay
CONTROL Where and with what
factors do we say a
Debt person has crossed over a
Excessive, unfair debt used Debt compounded by line into slavery or a
Legitimate debt
to hold a person in place unfair fees/practices trafficking outcome?
Freedom of movement
Restricted movement Can come and go
Limited movement
at all times at will
Abuse/threats
Abuse/threats used
Some threats/abuse No threats/abuse
to hold a person in place
23. PAY
Payment continuum
No pay or prospect of pay Low or unfair pay Fair pay
is it here?
CONTROL Where and with what
factors do we say a
Debt person has crossed over a
Excessive, unfair debt used Debt compounded by line into slavery or a
Legitimate debt
to hold a person in place unfair fees/practices trafficking outcome?
Freedom of movement
Restricted movement Can come and go
Limited movement
at all times at will
Abuse/threats
Abuse/threats used
Some threats/abuse No threats/abuse
to hold a person in place
24. PAY
Payment continuum
No pay or prospect of pay Low or unfair pay Fair pay
CONTROL Where and with what
factors do we say a
Debt person has crossed over a
Excessive, unfair debt used Debt compounded by line into slavery or a
Legitimate debt
to hold a person in place unfair fees/practices trafficking outcome?
Freedom of movement
Restricted movement Can come and go
Limited movement
at all times at will
or here?
Abuse/threats
Abuse/threats used
Some threats/abuse No threats/abuse
to hold a person in place
25. PAY
Payment continuum
No pay or prospect of pay Low or unfair pay Fair pay
CONTROL Where and with what
factors do we say a
Debt person has crossed over a
Excessive, unfair debt used Debt compounded by line into slavery or a
Legitimate debt
to hold a person in place unfair fees/practices trafficking outcome?
Freedom of movement
Restricted movement Can come and go
Limited movement
at all times at will
Abuse/threats
Abuse/threats used
Some threats/abuse No threats/abuse
to hold a person in place
what if
it’s here?
26. DEFINITIONS MATTER
The current challenge (is still) to articulate, define and
agree the extent to which an exploitative situation
constitutes a trafficking outcome (slave or slavery-like
situation).
