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中國醫藥大學附設醫院
心臟內科加護病房
周靜儀護理師
心臟植入性電子儀器( CIED)護理照護指引
手術前及手術後
心臟植入性電子儀器(CIED)護理照護流程
手術前
• 知情同意
• 執行術前準備
• 術前護理指導
• 情境性環境
• 預期感受
• 擬真模具
手術後
• 執行術後醫囑
• 術後護理指導
• 肢體活動限制
• 監測心律
• 觀察合併症
• 疼痛緩解
• 傷口照護
出院照護指導
• 日常活動
• 傷口照護
• 電磁干擾
• 心理社會適應
• 返診時機
• 持續追蹤
手術前護理照護指引
知情同意 執行術前準備
執行術前護理指導(1)
情境性環境 預期感受 擬真模具
執行術前護理指導(2)
情境性環境 預期感受 擬真模具
手術後護理照護指引(1)
執行術後醫囑
手術後護理照護指引(2)
肢體活動限制
術後返室( CCU)當日 術後於普通病房
手術後護理照護指引(3)
觀察心律---Recognizing pacemakers on EKG
Ventricular demand
pacing (VVI)
AV sequential pacing
手術後護理照護指引(4)
觀察心律---Common pacemaker malfunctions
Failure to capture
 weak pulse-generator battery
 loose connections
 lead fractured
 increased pacing threshold
Failure to pace
 weak battery
 serious pacemaker problem
Failure to sense
 battery failure,
 fractured leads,
 Displaced electrodes
 other electrical
interference
手術後護理照護指引(5)
AAI(R) DDD(R)
手術後護理照護指引(6)
裝置後隔日胸部X光 心房導極移位後胸部X光
atrial lead tip inside the right atrial
atrial lead towards tricuspid annulus
手術後護理照護指引(7)
觀察合併症-Post-insertion complication associated with permanent pacekers
Pneumothorax and haemothorax  發生於通過鎖骨下靜脈(1~2%)
 呼吸急促、吸氣時傷口疼痛、氧合變
化、發紺
 置放胸管
Infection  監測體溫變化及傷口感染徵象
Pacing of the diaphragm  電性訊號靠近橫膈神經導致打嗝
Cardiac tamponade  心包膜穿孔導致心包膜積液
 心輸出量減少
 心包膜穿刺術
手術後護理照護指引(8)
觀察合併症-Post-insertion complication associated with permanent pacekers
Pocket haematoma  術前監測凝血功能
 術後砂袋加壓
Lead displacement  預防導極移位:
活動限制指導
 監測心律變化
 出院前追蹤CXR導極位置
疼痛緩解
手術後護理照護指引(9)
返室後傷口
手術後護理照護指引(10)
傷口照護(人工皮/美容膠)
出院護理照護指引(1)
傷口照護
 每日檢視傷口有無感染徵象
 瘀青可能存在
 正確執行傷口換藥(人工皮/美容膠)
活動指導
 平日活動
裝置側肢體一個月內不要高舉過肩及過度旋轉、負重、撞擊
 開車
強調不是心臟整流去顫器影響開車,是快速心律導致暈眩造成
與醫師討論何時開始可以駕駛,若長期旅遊,則需視當地法令而定
 性活動
建議術後6~8週
 旅行
強調隨身攜帶節律器或去顫器識別卡
出院護理照護指引(2)
Consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association: updated recommendations for
driving by patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators(2009)
限制私人駕駛 專業駕駛限制
植入ICD(二級預防) 三個月 永久
植入ICD(一級預防) 四個星期 永久
經過適當的ICD治療 三個月 永久
不恰當的ICD治療 直到預防措施確認 永久
更換ICD後 一週 永久
導極系統更換後 四個星期 永久
拒絕裝置ICD(一級預防) 沒有限制 永久
拒絕裝置ICD(二級預防) 七個月 永久
出院護理照護指引(3)
電池干擾(EMI)
 家電用品:微波爐、烤箱、電視、洗衣機
 避開干擾環境:磁能治療產品(按摩器)
 醫療程序:MRI、電療、碎石術
 安全系統:通過機場安全門
 行動電話:放置裝置側對側或褲子口袋
被電擊時怎麼辦?
 休息,停止活動,找人陪,就醫
 電擊前你在做什麼
 有什麼症狀
 電擊後,感到比較好嗎
出院護理照護指引(4)
心理社會適應
 不確定感
 焦慮
 憂鬱
 缺乏獨立自主性
 生活品質改變
心理社會支持
 確立問題
 提供資訊
 醫護團隊支持
 “害怕”是一正常反應
 鼓勵情感釋放
 灌注希望
 鼓勵維持日常活動
出院護理照護指引(5)
返診時機
 傷口出現感染徵象
 節律功能不良症狀:暈眩、昏厥、疲憊、血壓低
 監測脈搏小於原設定5次
 24小時內遭受連續2次以上電擊
 心悸超過2分鐘
持續追蹤
 讀取節律器或去顫器的資料,視需要調整程式設定
 確認電池餘量
 強調心律不整藥物按時服用重要性
 節律器設定VVI模式,若有40%以上是節律器心律,產生心衰竭機率高
 追蹤心臟超音波
出院護理照護指引(6)
再一次心動主題週
結論
出院後才是真正與心臟植入性電子儀器適應的
開始,出院護理指導不足,將造成不確定感增加,
適應期延長。生活品質的改善,主要是依賴患者面
臨的感受性與經歷性有關。因此,出院持續追蹤有
助於患者適應及提供諮詢管道。

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心臟植入性電子儀器(CIED )護理照護指引 –手術前及手術後_20130914中區