John Dewey was the third of Archibald Dewey and Lucina Artemisia Rich's four children. His father was a local merchant who loved literature. His mother possessed a stern moral sense based on her belief in Calvinism (a religion in which one's faith is expressed through moral behavior and good works. Boyhood jobs delivering newspapers and working at a lumber-yard added to his knowledge. While visiting his father, who served in the Union Army in Virginia, he viewed the horror of the Civil War (1861–1865) firsthand. Dewey attended the University of Vermont at the age of 15, from 1875-1879. It was here that he learned about Darwinism. Henry A. P. Torrey was a major influence and exposed Dewey to his social and speculative philosophy His best grades were in science, which he would later regard as the highest expression of human intellect.
His teacher, H. A. P. Torrey, introduced him to the works of different philosophers. The quality of his work improved, and at the age of nineteen, he graduated second in his class. Unsure of what career to pursue, Dewey hoped to teach high school. After an unsuccessful summer of job hunting, his cousin, principal of a seminary (institute for the training of priests) in Pennsylvania, got him a teaching job, which he held for two years. was encouraged by Torrey to attend Johns Hopkins and receive his Ph.D in philosophy.
In this book, he examined various areas of scientific psychology, including memory, thinking, imagination, perception, sensation, attention, and motor control Alice's graduation and John's promotion to assistant professor with the salary of $1,600 allowed them to marry in 1886. The wedding took place July 28 in Fenton It was Alice Chipman who nudged him out of many of his orthodoxies. A woman who years later would invite her older children to watch her give birth so that they would understand the process, Alice dropped John straight from the ivory tower into the ethical and practical muddles of daily life. As Dewey himself put it after her death, "My wife used to say quite truly that I go at things from the back end. I'm hampered by too much technical absorption."
Dewey and Chipman questioned many assumptions about women. Dewey's articles on women's health pointed to the need for exercise, despite what he called "the aversion of American women, especially the educated, to bodily exertion." At the time, the U-M's gym was not only inadequate for male students, women were allowed to use it only three hours a day. Chipman left the University another legacy: a unique sorority. Two traditional sororities were on campus in 1886, but what she and other like-minded women desired was an organization that was not a secret society. She and her friends found a model in a New York group called Sorosis, which claimed among its international membership such luminaries as Lucretia Mott, George Sand and George Eliot. The Michigan women obtained permission from Sorosis to create a college chapter. With an insignia designed by Tiffany, Collegiate Sorosis was born. The women named members of the faculty, "Sorosis brothers"; Chipman remained a member throughout her life
The Samovar" is the euphonius title of a new club of University people,' reported the Argonaut . 'It takes its name from the Russian tea pot around which the members will gather on the snug winter evenings of the coming season.'
In his first Sunday speech before the SCA, "The Obligation to Knowledge of God," he asserted that "belief is not a privilege, but a duty-'whatsoever is not of faith is sin.'"
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