Presentation given in a Seminar on Digital Publishing and Research. This seminar focused on research aspects on digitized material, especially on literary texts. What new research possibilities are offered by digital editions or digital libraries such as the Finnish Classics Library? How should such libraries or editions develop to meet the needs of the researchers? What different types of digital literary resources can be found today and what are the different aims of these? The seminar was organized by the Finnish Classics Library. This electronic library is based on a critically selected and comprehensive digital collection of literature written in Finland (in both Finnish and Swedish) and research data related to works and authors. The seminar is aimed at researchers interested in literary material and in the production of digital resources.

1. Timo Honkela, A Seminar on Digital Publishing and Research. 3 Dec 2015
Timo Honkela
3 Dec 2015
Research interests in
text and metadata mining
of literature
timo.honkela@helsinki.fi
A Seminar on Digital Publishing and Research

2. Timo Honkela, A Seminar on Digital Publishing and Research. 3 Dec 2015
Inspirational context:
classical literature
The presentation handles mostly general methods.
We can discuss how and to which extent these
can be used in this context.

3. Timo Honkela, A Seminar on Digital Publishing and Research. 3 Dec 2015

4. Timo Honkela, A Seminar on Digital Publishing and Research. 3 Dec 2015
Humanities and “compunities”
● Understanding and analysis of cultural artefacts
such as novels or poems requires human
experience of the world and dedication to the
relevant context
● Computers are useful as tireless “distant reading
tools” that can, for example, be put to count
instances of linguistic expressions, their contextual
relations and relation to given categories or to
parse the structure of writings at different levels of
abstraction

5. Timo Honkela, A Seminar on Digital Publishing and Research. 3 Dec 2015
Digital humanities
● A research area called Digital Humanities usually
combines (1) the research questions stemming from
humanities and social sciences, (2) their data
represented in digital form, and (3) addresses the
research questions using quantitative computational
analysis methods (statistics, machine learning) on the
data along with qualitative research methods
● For the computational analysis, large collections of
data (“bid data”) can provide certain benefits but also
small data sets can be analyzed in a similar manner

6. Timo Honkela, A Seminar on Digital Publishing and Research. 3 Dec 2015
Text and data mining
● Data mining refers to the computer-based
analysis of data collections in order to find
interesting or useful patterns, relations or
structures in the data
● Data mining is often applied to numerical data
but also structured data can be used
● Text mining refers to data mining applied
specifically to texts

7. Timo Honkela, A Seminar on Digital Publishing and Research. 3 Dec 2015
Text mining
● Analysis of text documents at different levels
of abstraction
– Word segments (morphology)
– Lexicon (words, terms, phrases, names, etc.)
– Syntax
– Semantics
– Pragmatics (computationally challenging)
● Context!

8. Timo Honkela, A Seminar on Digital Publishing and Research. 3 Dec 2015
Classical example: Learning meaning from context:
Maps of words in Grimm fairy tales
Honkela, Pulkki & Kohonen 1995
Automated learning of word relations
using self-organizing map on text context data

9. Timo Honkela, A Seminar on Digital Publishing and Research. 3 Dec 2015
Map of Finnish Science
Chemistry
Physics and
engineering
Biosciences
Medicine
Culture and
society
A fully automated process from terminology extraction (Likey) to
semantic space construction (SOM) without any manually constructed resources.

10. Timo Honkela, A Seminar on Digital Publishing and Research. 3 Dec 2015
Further opportunities
● Time series analysis (historical developments)
– Ordering a collection of texts
– Analysis of narrative structures
● Social Network Analysis
● Sentiment analysis
● Names Entity Recognition
(people, places, organisations)

11. Timo Honkela, A Seminar on Digital Publishing and Research. 3 Dec 2015
Analysis of metadata
● Study of the overall structures in a collection
● Important sources include author, year of
publication, place, etc.
● Can be analyzed in itself or in combination
with the full text data
● Study of the quality of the metadata
– Variation

12. Timo Honkela, A Seminar on Digital Publishing and Research. 3 Dec 2015
Hybrid methods:
qualitative + quantative
● Qualitative interpretation of quantitative
analysys results
● Quantitative analysis of qualitative
interpretations
● Parallel analysis with qualitative methods (e.g.
grounded theory) and quantative methods
(e.g. undersupervised learning)
● Quantative analysis of human subjective and
contextual understanding and expression

13. Timo Honkela, A Seminar on Digital Publishing and Research. 3 Dec 2015
Grounded Intersubjective
Concept Analysis
● A method developed to model how langage is
understood in context and with some degree
of individuality
● Computational approaches often assume a
shared epistemology; here we are interested
in the differences in human interpretation

14. Timo Honkela, A Seminar on Digital Publishing and Research. 3 Dec 2015
GICA analysis of the word health
in State of the Union Addresses

15. Timo Honkela, A Seminar on Digital Publishing and Research. 3 Dec 2015
Tack så mycket!