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Technology and the
                       future of the newspaper
                                 Tim O’Reilly

                              O’Reilly Media, Inc.
                                 www.oreilly.com



                              NY Times TimesOpen
                                February 20, 2009




Thursday, February 19, 2009
How many of you have O’Reilly books?




Thursday, February 19, 2009
What We Really Do At O'Reilly



                              Change the world by spreading the
                                  knowledge of innovators




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Some Examples

                     • First books on Linux and Perl - 1991
                     • First book on the internet, covered WWW
                       when there were only 200 web sites - 1992
                     • Launched first commercial web site, 1993
                     • First advocacy about web services - 1997
                     • Organized meeting where term “open
                       source” was adopted - 1998
                     • Coined term Web 2.0 to describe rules for
                       new internet platform - 2004
                     • Make: celebrates the new DIY - 2006
                     • Now working on “Government 2.0”

Thursday, February 19, 2009
How we do it

                     • Find interesting technologies and people
                       innovating from the edge

                     • Amplify their effectiveness by spreading
                       the information needed for others to
                       follow them.

                     • Books




Thursday, February 19, 2009
How we do it

                     • Find interesting technologies and people
                       innovating from the edge

                     • Amplify their effectiveness by spreading
                       the information needed for others to
                       follow them.

                     • Books, Conferences




Thursday, February 19, 2009
How we do it
                     • Find interesting technologies and people
                       innovating from the edge

                     • Amplify their effectiveness by spreading
                       the information needed for others to
                       follow them.

                     • Books, Conferences, Online




Thursday, February 19, 2009
quot;The future is here. It's just not
                      evenly distributed yet.quot;



                                         --William Gibson




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Thursday, February 19, 2009
NYT Research Labs




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Five Futures That Are
                         Changing Newspapers
                                 Tim O’Reilly

                              O’Reilly Media, Inc.
                                 www.oreilly.com



                              NY Times TimesOpen
                                February 20, 2009




Thursday, February 19, 2009
1. “Harnessing Collective
                                    Intelligence”




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Thursday, February 19, 2009
as is wikipedia




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Digg is an obvious example of
                     crowdsourcing




Thursday, February 19, 2009
But Google teaches us something
                     deeper




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Consider pagerank




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Web 2.0 is about finding meaning
                                in user-generated data,
                         and turning that meaning into real-
                              time user-facing services




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Wesabe does this with its tips




Thursday, February 19, 2009
comparing two merchants based on
                     credit card data




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Real-time is critical.




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Google, Walmart &
                     mybarackobama.com - Obama’s




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Is there a newspaper equivalent to
                       Project Houdini?



                       Don’t show it to me again.




Thursday, February 19, 2009
The network as platform means that
                        competitive advantage goes to systems
                        that harness network effects to get
                        better the more people use them.




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Questions for newspapers

                     • What assets do you have that increase in
                       value through participation?
                              – Knowledge about your readers?
                              – Knowledge from your readers?
                              – Your brand as it is spread by others?
                              – Your accumulated history?
                     • What assets do you have that benefit from
                       the real time nature of online information?
                     • How do you involve your readers in
                       increasing the value of what you do?

   25
Thursday, February 19, 2009
2. Social Networking




Thursday, February 19, 2009
social network graph of
                     congressional twitterers




Thursday, February 19, 2009
my facebook news feed




Thursday, February 19, 2009
my twitter input feed




Thursday, February 19, 2009
my twitter output feed




Thursday, February 19, 2009
retweetradar




Thursday, February 19, 2009
nivi and the @timoreilly bump




Thursday, February 19, 2009
NyTimes twitter feed for contrast




Thursday, February 19, 2009
This is important!

                     • In social networks, you gain and bestow
                       status through those you associate with
                     • A key function of a publishing brand is the
                       bestowal of status by what you pay attention
                       to
                     • If you only pay attention to yourself, you
                       aren’t as valuable to your community
                              – You don’t learn as much from your readers
                              – You don’t bind them to you by amplifying their
                                voice




Thursday, February 19, 2009
NY Times letters to the editor




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Times People - it’s a ghost town for
                     me




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Now imagine if my twitter or
                     facebook friends were there

                     • A key question for all of us is when to lead,
                       and when to follow




Thursday, February 19, 2009
NY Times most popular articles




Thursday, February 19, 2009
But take a closer look at how Digg
                     involves its readers and gives them




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Opportunities?

                     • All those people who emailed stories
                       probably commented in their email. Invite
                       them to share?
                     • Does this make them more valuable to
                       advertisers?
                     • Most blogged? Where are the links?
                     • Most mailed ≠ most blogged
                     • If I’ve already read it, I might want to “digg” it,
                       twitter it, tag it in del.icio.us? Too geeky for
                       most readers? Add configuration to my
                       subscription


Thursday, February 19, 2009
NY Times comments - a lot of
                     comments - too many to read and




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Markmail, a tool for mailing lists,
                     could be useful?




Thursday, February 19, 2009
markmail identifies the most frequent
                     posters on a topic




Thursday, February 19, 2009
NY Times comment API




Thursday, February 19, 2009
3. Programming as Journalism




Thursday, February 19, 2009
USAspending.gov




   46
Thursday, February 19, 2009
47
Thursday, February 19, 2009
Stimuluswatch.org




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Instedd




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Global Virus Forecasting Initiative




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Adrian Holovaty at LJWorld.com -
                     creating a context for people to share




   51
Thursday, February 19, 2009
chicagocrime.org & database driven
                     local news




   52
Thursday, February 19, 2009
everyblock.com




Thursday, February 19, 2009
outside.in




Thursday, February 19, 2009
The shakeshack and how users are
                     instrumenting it with twitter




   55
Thursday, February 19, 2009
Hyper-local is just the beginning




   56
Thursday, February 19, 2009
Instrumenting the World

                        We are moving out of the world in which
                        people typing on keyboards will drive
                        collective intelligence applications.
                        Increasingly, applications are driven by new
                        kinds of sensors.




Thursday, February 19, 2009
how good collective sensor data is
                     getting - flickr geotagged photos




   58
Thursday, February 19, 2009
The smart phone plus local search.
                     Today pizza, tomorrow news?




Thursday, February 19, 2009
4. The Internet As Platform




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Two Types of Platform
                          • One Ring to Rule Them All




                          • Small Pieces Loosely Joined




   61
Thursday, February 19, 2009
Let’s start with the web itself




   62
Thursday, February 19, 2009
A NY Times web page that only links
                     to itself




Thursday, February 19, 2009
A well formed blog that is part of the
                     “small pieces loosely joined” world




Thursday, February 19, 2009
We screwed up too - Safari books
                     online




Thursday, February 19, 2009
In porting over old media, we forgot
                     the links




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Oops!




Thursday, February 19, 2009
new tools like apture let you keep
                     people on your site while also giving




Thursday, February 19, 2009
More apture




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Now let’s move on to web services




   70
Thursday, February 19, 2009
Now let’s take this to APIs. Google
                     Maps king of the hill, per




Thursday, February 19, 2009
housingmaps.com - the very first
                     Google maps mashup
                     • It was a “hack.” Google learned from it,
                       quickly, and turned it into a supported feature




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Apple brings geotagging to iPhoto
                     via Gmaps




Thursday, February 19, 2009
But look - people can also PUT data
                     on google. Museum layer on Google




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Google maps as a model

                     • Mashups were invented by users - the API
                       came later to support them
                     • It’s open
                     • It’s two-way: innovations outside Google can
                       be brought onto Google




Thursday, February 19, 2009
If you’re really building a platform,
                       your customers and partners build
                       new features before you do




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Twitter hashtags and news - both
                     hashtags and the real time search




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Stocktwits




Thursday, February 19, 2009
tweetdeck




Thursday, February 19, 2009
peoplebrowsr




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Why I like the twhirl client




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Ginx has some interesting new
                     features




Thursday, February 19, 2009
bit.ly as a twitter client
                     • How about oering this kind of thing from the NYT?




Thursday, February 19, 2009
bit.ly and the power of instant
                     tracking




Thursday, February 19, 2009
bit.ly-twitter integration




Thursday, February 19, 2009
my facebook news feed




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Lessons from Twitter

                     • Do one thing and do it well
                     • Let others build on what you do, even if it
                       appears to compete with you
                     • When users innovate, support their
                       behaviors in your platform (@, #, $)
                     • “Insert and extend” :-)




Thursday, February 19, 2009
5. Asymmetric Competition




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Top sites on the internet, 2005
                       Rank        Company      # Employees
                              1    Yahoo            9,000
                              2    TimeWarner      85,000
                              3    Microsoft       61,000
                              4    Google           5,000
                              5    eBay            11,000
                              6    News Corp       38,000
                              7    Craigslist        18
                              8    Disney         129,000
                              9    BBC             60,000
                              10   IAC             26,000

Thursday, February 19, 2009
NY Times vs Washpost  huffpost on
                     compete




Thursday, February 19, 2009
nytimes.com vs digg on compete




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Voiceofsandiego.org

                     • Some people say that the answer is for
                       investigative journalism to become a non-
                       profit activity




Thursday, February 19, 2009
micropayments




Thursday, February 19, 2009
You pick the hat to fit the head




Thursday, February 19, 2009
What Job Does a Newspaper Do?

                     •http://
                      cache.gettyimages.com/xc/
                      3376845.jpg?
                      v=1c=ViewImagesk=2d=8
                      9B856506CE5465432B9C151
                      F29BA0CBA55A1E4F32AD31
                      38




Thursday, February 19, 2009
What Job Does a Newspaper Do?

                     • “All the News That’s Fit to Print”
                     • Serious Investigative Reporting
                     • Connection to local community
                     • Driving attention to what’s important
                     • Curation and bestowal of status
                     • Entertainment
                     • ...

                     • There may be different answers for each of
                       these jobs


Thursday, February 19, 2009
Taking a Road Trip




                              •   http://autos.canada.com/greatcanadianroadtrip/index.html




Thursday, February 19, 2009
Taking a Road Trip




                              •   http://autos.canada.com/greatcanadianroadtrip/index.html




Thursday, February 19, 2009
It’s not a tour of gas stations!




Thursday, February 19, 2009
This might be where you end up




                                  http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2008/06/12/opinion/0613-GASPUMPS_index.html
                              




Thursday, February 19, 2009
People need what newspapers do

                     • You are members of a great profession
                     • Billions of people are coming online, waiting
                       to be taught, informed, entertained
                     • “The best way to predict the future is to
                       invent it”*




                              *Alan Kay

Thursday, February 19, 2009
For More Information


                     • What is Web 2.0?
                     http://www.oreillynet.com/go/web2
                     • http://tim.oreilly.com
                     • http://radar.oreilly.com




  101
Thursday, February 19, 2009

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TimesOpen Keynote: Technology and the Future of the Newspaper

  • 1. Technology and the future of the newspaper Tim O’Reilly O’Reilly Media, Inc. www.oreilly.com NY Times TimesOpen February 20, 2009 Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 2. How many of you have O’Reilly books? Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 3. What We Really Do At O'Reilly Change the world by spreading the knowledge of innovators Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 4. Some Examples • First books on Linux and Perl - 1991 • First book on the internet, covered WWW when there were only 200 web sites - 1992 • Launched first commercial web site, 1993 • First advocacy about web services - 1997 • Organized meeting where term “open source” was adopted - 1998 • Coined term Web 2.0 to describe rules for new internet platform - 2004 • Make: celebrates the new DIY - 2006 • Now working on “Government 2.0” Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 5. How we do it • Find interesting technologies and people innovating from the edge • Amplify their effectiveness by spreading the information needed for others to follow them. • Books Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 6. How we do it • Find interesting technologies and people innovating from the edge • Amplify their effectiveness by spreading the information needed for others to follow them. • Books, Conferences Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 7. How we do it • Find interesting technologies and people innovating from the edge • Amplify their effectiveness by spreading the information needed for others to follow them. • Books, Conferences, Online Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 8. quot;The future is here. It's just not evenly distributed yet.quot; --William Gibson Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 10. NYT Research Labs Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 11. Five Futures That Are Changing Newspapers Tim O’Reilly O’Reilly Media, Inc. www.oreilly.com NY Times TimesOpen February 20, 2009 Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 12. 1. “Harnessing Collective Intelligence” Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 14. as is wikipedia Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 15. Digg is an obvious example of crowdsourcing Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 16. But Google teaches us something deeper Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 18. Web 2.0 is about finding meaning in user-generated data, and turning that meaning into real- time user-facing services Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 19. Wesabe does this with its tips Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 20. comparing two merchants based on credit card data Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 21. Real-time is critical. Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 22. Google, Walmart & mybarackobama.com - Obama’s Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 23. Is there a newspaper equivalent to Project Houdini? Don’t show it to me again. Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 24. The network as platform means that competitive advantage goes to systems that harness network effects to get better the more people use them. Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 25. Questions for newspapers • What assets do you have that increase in value through participation? – Knowledge about your readers? – Knowledge from your readers? – Your brand as it is spread by others? – Your accumulated history? • What assets do you have that benefit from the real time nature of online information? • How do you involve your readers in increasing the value of what you do? 25 Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 26. 2. Social Networking Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 27. social network graph of congressional twitterers Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 28. my facebook news feed Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 29. my twitter input feed Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 30. my twitter output feed Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 32. nivi and the @timoreilly bump Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 33. NyTimes twitter feed for contrast Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 34. This is important! • In social networks, you gain and bestow status through those you associate with • A key function of a publishing brand is the bestowal of status by what you pay attention to • If you only pay attention to yourself, you aren’t as valuable to your community – You don’t learn as much from your readers – You don’t bind them to you by amplifying their voice Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 35. NY Times letters to the editor Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 36. Times People - it’s a ghost town for me Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 37. Now imagine if my twitter or facebook friends were there • A key question for all of us is when to lead, and when to follow Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 38. NY Times most popular articles Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 39. But take a closer look at how Digg involves its readers and gives them Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 40. Opportunities? • All those people who emailed stories probably commented in their email. Invite them to share? • Does this make them more valuable to advertisers? • Most blogged? Where are the links? • Most mailed ≠ most blogged • If I’ve already read it, I might want to “digg” it, twitter it, tag it in del.icio.us? Too geeky for most readers? Add configuration to my subscription Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 41. NY Times comments - a lot of comments - too many to read and Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 42. Markmail, a tool for mailing lists, could be useful? Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 43. markmail identifies the most frequent posters on a topic Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 44. NY Times comment API Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 45. 3. Programming as Journalism Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 46. USAspending.gov 46 Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 50. Global Virus Forecasting Initiative Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 51. Adrian Holovaty at LJWorld.com - creating a context for people to share 51 Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 52. chicagocrime.org & database driven local news 52 Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 55. The shakeshack and how users are instrumenting it with twitter 55 Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 56. Hyper-local is just the beginning 56 Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 57. Instrumenting the World We are moving out of the world in which people typing on keyboards will drive collective intelligence applications. Increasingly, applications are driven by new kinds of sensors. Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 58. how good collective sensor data is getting - flickr geotagged photos 58 Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 59. The smart phone plus local search. Today pizza, tomorrow news? Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 60. 4. The Internet As Platform Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 61. Two Types of Platform • One Ring to Rule Them All • Small Pieces Loosely Joined 61 Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 62. Let’s start with the web itself 62 Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 63. A NY Times web page that only links to itself Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 64. A well formed blog that is part of the “small pieces loosely joined” world Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 65. We screwed up too - Safari books online Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 66. In porting over old media, we forgot the links Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 68. new tools like apture let you keep people on your site while also giving Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 70. Now let’s move on to web services 70 Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 71. Now let’s take this to APIs. Google Maps king of the hill, per Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 72. housingmaps.com - the very first Google maps mashup • It was a “hack.” Google learned from it, quickly, and turned it into a supported feature Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 73. Apple brings geotagging to iPhoto via Gmaps Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 74. But look - people can also PUT data on google. Museum layer on Google Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 75. Google maps as a model • Mashups were invented by users - the API came later to support them • It’s open • It’s two-way: innovations outside Google can be brought onto Google Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 76. If you’re really building a platform, your customers and partners build new features before you do Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 77. Twitter hashtags and news - both hashtags and the real time search Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 81. Why I like the twhirl client Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 82. Ginx has some interesting new features Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 83. bit.ly as a twitter client • How about oering this kind of thing from the NYT? Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 84. bit.ly and the power of instant tracking Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 86. my facebook news feed Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 87. Lessons from Twitter • Do one thing and do it well • Let others build on what you do, even if it appears to compete with you • When users innovate, support their behaviors in your platform (@, #, $) • “Insert and extend” :-) Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 89. Top sites on the internet, 2005 Rank Company # Employees 1 Yahoo 9,000 2 TimeWarner 85,000 3 Microsoft 61,000 4 Google 5,000 5 eBay 11,000 6 News Corp 38,000 7 Craigslist 18 8 Disney 129,000 9 BBC 60,000 10 IAC 26,000 Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 90. NY Times vs Washpost huffpost on compete Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 91. nytimes.com vs digg on compete Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 92. Voiceofsandiego.org • Some people say that the answer is for investigative journalism to become a non- profit activity Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 94. You pick the hat to fit the head Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 95. What Job Does a Newspaper Do? •http:// cache.gettyimages.com/xc/ 3376845.jpg? v=1c=ViewImagesk=2d=8 9B856506CE5465432B9C151 F29BA0CBA55A1E4F32AD31 38 Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 96. What Job Does a Newspaper Do? • “All the News That’s Fit to Print” • Serious Investigative Reporting • Connection to local community • Driving attention to what’s important • Curation and bestowal of status • Entertainment • ... • There may be different answers for each of these jobs Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 97. Taking a Road Trip • http://autos.canada.com/greatcanadianroadtrip/index.html Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 98. Taking a Road Trip • http://autos.canada.com/greatcanadianroadtrip/index.html Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 99. It’s not a tour of gas stations! Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 100. This might be where you end up http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2008/06/12/opinion/0613-GASPUMPS_index.html  Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 101. People need what newspapers do • You are members of a great profession • Billions of people are coming online, waiting to be taught, informed, entertained • “The best way to predict the future is to invent it”* *Alan Kay Thursday, February 19, 2009
  • 102. For More Information • What is Web 2.0? http://www.oreillynet.com/go/web2 • http://tim.oreilly.com • http://radar.oreilly.com 101 Thursday, February 19, 2009