This workshop explores changes in dominant CED theory and practice from earlier visions linked to traditions of grassroots community organizing and building citizens' power at the local level to a narrower entrepreneurial and technical intervention. What are the implications of these changes? Are there practices and organizations that embody the two approaches? What does community organizing have to do with CED? Eric Shragge, School of Community and Public Affairs, Concordia University Raimi Osseni, CCEDNet Emerging Leaders

1. Eric Shragge, School of Community and Public Affairs,
Concordia University
Raïmi B. Osseni, Development in Action, CCEDNet
Emerging Leaders Committee

2. Outline of Workshop
 W thisw rks p -Tore it thero o c m unity
hy o ho ? vis le f o m
o a
rg nizingin C a So ia Ec no y p c e
ED nd c l o m ra tic .
 W I w sa c dtoC
hy a ttra te ED/So ia Ec no y
c l o m
 C m o ntso C m unity P c e
o p ne f o m ra tic
 C nte tingC m unity in Ne lib ra So ie
o s o m o e l c ty
 Definitio a Vis nso C
ns nd io f ED
 Ro o C m unity in So ia C ng
le f o m c l ha e
 Fra e o fo Gra s o o a
m w rk r s ro ts rg nizing
 Build Ra ic l C p c
ing d a a a ity
 Lim a P s ib
its nd o s ilities
 Pullingit a to e r
ll g the

3. Why I was attracted to CED/Social
Economy
 EricShra g , Sc o o C m unity a P licAffa ,
g e ho l f o m nd ub irs
C nc rd Unive ity
o o ia rs
 Ra i B. Os e De lo m nt in Ac n, C EDNe
ïm s ni, ve p e tio C t
Em rg Le d rsC m itte
e ing a e o m e

4. Component of practice
 Ana is ww und rs ndthew rld W t iso
lys -Ho e e ta o ? ha ur
id o g a vis n?
e lo y, nd io
 P c einte ntio
ra tic rve n-W t w d toc ng thew rld
ha e o ha e o ?
W t a w tryingto a hie - o o e ?Ho a w
ha re e c ve utc m s w re e
d ingit-p c s ?
o ro e s
 Re c n- Ho a w d ing
fle tio w re e o ?

5. Contesting Community
Ra o W m e e hisd c s n o c m unity in
ym nd illia s nd d is us io f o m
Keywords. Hes te :ta d
 C m unity c n b thewarmly persuasive word to
o m a e
d s rib a existing set of relationships, o thew rm
ec e n r a ly
p rs s w rd tod s rib a a rna s t o
e ua ive o e c e n lte tive e f
re tio hip . W t ism s im o nt, p rha s istha
la ns s ha o t p rta e p, t
unlikea o r te so s c l o a tio (state, nation,
ll the rm f o ia rg niza n
society, e .) it s e snever to be used unfavorably
tc em
(Williams, 1988, p. 76, emphasis in original)

6. What are the problems with
community?
C nte te Id o g sw
o s d e lo ie ithin C m unity a So ia
o m nd c l
Mo m nts
ve e
 Be a eo thes nific nc o c m unity it ha b e a
c us f ig a e f o m s e n, nd
c ntinue to b , m b d fo ava ty o p litic l
o s e o ilize r rie f o a
p je ts Build up n thed c s n in Fis r (19 4
ro c . ing o is us io he 9)
w id ntify fivetyp s
e e e:
 Reactionary: w h try to turn b c thec c to ap r,
hic ak lo k rio
re l o im g d tim a s teo a irs
a r a ine , e nd ta f ffa
 Conservative: w h a m t to m inta as tusq tha
hic tte p a in ta uo t
re is thea va e e o s c l, e o m , a p litic l
s ts d nc m nt f o ia c no ic nd o a
jus e
tic

7. What are the problems with
community?
 Adaptive/Reformist: w h a c p theb s p m e o
hic c e t a ic re is s f
thes tusq , b try totw a it ab a undthee g s
ta uo ut ek it ro d e.
The try tore rmg s ine uitie toim ro a m inta
y fo ro s q s p ve nd a in
s c ty.
o ie
 Radical/Revolutionary: w h us thela ua ea re lm
hic e ng g nd a
o c m unity a ab s totry tofund m nta tra fo
f o m s a is a e lly ns rm
thes c l re tio o the tim .
o ia la ns f ir e
 Opt-out: w h us thec nte o c m unity to try to
hic e o xt f o m
w ra fro thela e c les c l re tio o the tim
ithd w m rg r-s a o ia la ns f ir e

8. Definitions and Visions of CED
"… c m unity e o m d ve p e isc ra te db
o m c no ic e lo m nt ha c rize y
c m unity-b s dp c s e a p ritie
o m a e ro e s s nd rio s
 Process thro h w h d ve p e o thec m unity is
ug hic e lo m nt f o m
p ue by the community
urs d
 Thec m unity economy is seen in its full breadth, inc ing
o m lud
a s c rsa theinfo a e o m
ll e to nd rm l c no y
 P nningisac ntra a tivity a isb s do participatory
la e l c nd a e n
principles of community democracy
 Thelong-term view p d m te a inc e a inte ra d
re o ina s nd lud s n g te
a p a h tob th p nninga im le e tio
p ro c o la nd p m nta n

9. Definitions and Visions of CED
 So ia p litic l, c
c l, o a ultura el, nviro e l a o r perspectives are
nm nta nd the
integrated with the economic p rs e tive
e pc
 Thee o m d ve p e p c s isameans to various social
c no ic e lo m nt ro e s
ends, inc inginte ra n o c m unity inte s (e . thed a le ,
lud g tio f o m re ts .g is b d
thee e
ld rly)
 An inclusive ethic info sthep c s
rm ro e s
 Like is , a p p tec m unity o a tio a d ve p dto
w e p ro ria o m rg niza ns re e lo e
re p ndto thec m unity'sp ritie a va s a to facilitate
so o m rio s nd lue , nd
the maximum access to the process and the maximum control by
the community."
(Douglas, 1994, p.26)

10. Overview of Approaches to Local
Economic Development
Restructuring for Renewal and Restructuring
Approaches to Capital Repair for Community
and Ecology
Priorities Ec no y
o m Ec no y w ano
o m ith d Ho tica inte ra d
lis nd g te
toDis utio l a
trib na nd vie o e o m
w f c no y,
enviro e l is ue
nm nta s s s c ty a the
o ie nd
e nviro e
nm nt
Community Re uc sne dfo s te He stop ve
d e e r ta lp re nt P rtic a n a a
a ip tio t ll
inte ntio re o
rve n; m ve te hno ra e rs
c c tic rro , s g so the
ta e f
Development
‘e e e y c
d p nd nc ulture’ p vid sp p r
ro e o ula re e ra n p c s ,
g ne tio ro e s
le itim c
g a y, fro d s n to
m e ig
c ns tio ra r
o ulta n the im le e tio
p m nta n
tha p rtic a n
n a ip tio
Time Scales Gra it w yo c n
b hile u a P tc a m nda yo Buildfo thefuture
a h nd e s u r
go
(From Community Economic Development edited by Graham Houghton
The Stationery Office 1999, U.K.
Chapter 1 Community Economic Development: Challenges of Theory Practice and Method p.3-22.)

11. Overview of Approaches to Local
Economic Development
Restructuring for Renewal and Restructuring for
Approaches to Capital Repair Community and
Ecology
Economic All jo sa g o
b re o d Atte p tob la ejo Need to address quality
mt a nc b
Inclusion c a n w a ntio of work, engage in
re tio ith tte n
toq lity o jo s
ua f b socially useful
services/production
Dominant Wealth creation, Social equity- Social equity
Principles business good, state pragmatism as Futurity
bad, information is principle, growth can Geographical equity
king be harnessed, health in Participation
diversity
Key Assumptions Trickle-down works Trickle-down works only C p lis d e n’
a ita m o s t
Global markets bring crudely w rk.
o
rewards for all Pragmatism over ideology Glo a mund rm s
b lis e ine
Intervention requires
Business knows best experts
lo a m
c lis .
Government knows best Thec m unity kno s
o m w
bs
et

12. Community and Social Change
Thefo w ta leillus te thed e io o inte ra n/o p s n a ng
llo ing b tra s im ns ns f g tio p o itio lo
w thea tio e lo m nt a p a he . On it, I inc etra itio in o e
ith c n/d ve p e p ro c s lud d ns rd r
to illus tee c a p a h.
tra a h p ro c
(From Eric Shragge: Activism and Social Change)

13. Community and Social Change
Integration Overlapping Opposition
practices
De lo m nt
ve p e Se eP vis n a
rvic ro io nd Se ep vis n
rvic ro io Build Alte tive tha
ing rna s t
De lo m nt Sc m sb s d
ve p e he e a e a thelo a le l
t c l ve c a ne d m c tico no
re te w e o ra r n-
o p fe s na le d rs a a
n ro s io l a e hip nd m rke e o m s ne
a t c no ic , w
c ns ns m d l Tradition-
o e us o e p c e tha a “ re
ra tic s t re p -
As e Build (e . Mc
st ing .g Knig ht) fig tive Tradition-Fe inis
ura ” m t
Se e o Gre n Urb n
rvic s r e a
De lo m nt (e . c lle tive
ve p e .g o c
c m unity g rd ns
o m a e )
Ac n Eric Shragge:t Pre sureGroup Social Change)ple
(From
tio P lis Activism and
lura s Org nizingp o
a e So ia m ve e o a
c l o m nt rg nizing
Org nizing
a in a a c a c ns io ne s
nd ritic l o c us s ,
Tradition- P lis P s ure
lura t re s ne hb urho dto
ig o o c lle ing thele itim c o
ha ng g ay f
Gro s(e . Alins
up .g ky) p s urefo lo a
re s r cl e tingp w r re tio
xis o e la ns
im ro m nts
p ve e Tradition-So ia Mo m nt
c l ve e
o a
rg nizing c lly (e . a
-lo a .g nti-
g b liza n a tivis )
lo a tio c m

14. Framework for Grassroots
Community Organizations (GROs)
Who? How?
Me b rs
m e hip Stra g sa Ta tic
te ie nd c s
Le d rs
a e hip Fina e
nc s
Staffing Allies
Struc ture C m unic tio
o m a ns
What? Whom?
Go lsa Ob c s
a nd je tive Ta e Sys m
rg t te s
(From Lee Staples Roots to Power- A Manual for Grassroots Organizing2nd Edition
Praeger (2004) p.97)

15. Building a Radical Capacity
Fo tra itio
ur d ns
 De o ra y-w t kind Ho to Sus in?
m c c ha ? w ta
 Ed a n-Build C ns io ne s
uc tio ing o c us s
 Allia e
nc -Build -Find Allie
ing ing s
 Mo iliza n- Build P w r
b tio ing o e
(from Sheldrick)

16. Community :its Limits and
Possibilities
 P p s n 1 - Und rs nd theIm o nc o C m unity
ro o itio e ta p rta e f o m
 P p s n 2- Em ha izeC nflic a P w r a theC re
ro o itio p s o t nd o e t o
 P p s n 3- Org nizeBe nd C m unity
ro o itio a yo o m
 P p s n 4- C nne t w a BuildSo ia Mo m nts
ro o itio o c ith nd c l ve e
 P p s n 5- Inc ea Ana isin Da W rk a
ro o itio lud n lys ily o nd
d finite Lo -te Stra g
e ly ng rm te y

17. Que tio
s ns