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Open Educational Resources learning materials for all students TJ Bliss John Hilton David Wiley This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

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Education Is Sharing the technical argument

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Teachers Share With Students knowledge and skills feedback and criticism encouragement

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Students Share With Teachers questions assignments tests

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If There Is No Sharing there is no education

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Successful Educators share most completely with the most students

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Knowledge is Magicalcan be given without being given away

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Physical Expressions Are Not to give a book you must give it away

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Expressions Are DifferentTo give a book you must give it away

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When Expressions Are Digital they also become magical

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E.g., Online BookWe can all read simultaneously

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An Indescribable Advance the first time in human history

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Both Knowledge and Expressions can be given without being given away

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Unprecedented Capacity we can share as never before

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Unprecedented Capacitywe can educate as never before

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What Does “Share” Mean?online it means copy and distribute

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Cost of “Copy”For one 250 page book:• Copy by hand - $1,000• Copy by print on demand - $4.90• Copy by computer - $0.00084

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Cost of “Distribute”For one 250 page book:• Distribute by mail - $5.20• Distribute by Internet - $0.00072

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Copy and Distribute are “Free” this changes everything

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Educational Sharingalso means adapting or editing

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Sense-making, Meaning-making connecting to prior knowledge relating to past experience (in an appropriate language)

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Digital Makes Editing “Free” editing a printed book or magazine is difficult and expensive

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Free Copy, Distribute, Edit we can share as never before

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Free Copy, Distribute, Edit we can educate as never before

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Except We Can’t© forbids copying, distributing, and editing

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© Cancels the Possibilities of digital media and the internet

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Internet CopyrightEnables Forbids what to do?

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use copyright to enforce sharing

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The 4Rs Reuse – copy verbatimRedistribute – share with others Revise – adapt and edit Remix – combine with others

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Over 400 Million Itemsusing CC licenses at end of 2010

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The “Open” in OERfree permission to do the 4Rs

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Internet OEREnables Allows sharing and educating at unprecedented scale

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OER Policiesstate, institution, district, school

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Higher Ed. State Policies A.B. 577 (CA) – Open Education Resource Centers H.B. 1025 (WA) - Disclosure of course content information H.B. 1946 (WA) - Re: sharing of instructional and other resources H.B. 4058A (OR) – Call for study of ways to reduce textbook costs H.B. 5201 (FL) – Promote use and distribution of OER H.R. 1464 (US Congress) – Requires fed agencies collaborate on OER K12 State Policies Georgia Virtual Learning OER terms of use (GA) H.B. 2336 (WA) – Form advisory committee on state-led OCW H.B. 2337 (WA) – Creation of state-led OCW H.B. 6 (TX) – Instructional Materials Allotment L.D. 569 (ME) – Establishes clearinghouse for info on use of OER (K12)Rule R277-111 (UT) – Educators may use CC license on materials produced (K12) S.B. 6231 (WA) – Appropriation of textbook funds to OER development (K12) H.B. 1941 (VA) - Permission for state employees to use CC licenses H.B. 2488 (TX) – Relating to OER adoption in public schools S.B. 6460 (WA) – Requires model policy for open licensing of courseware

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Utah R277-111-3. Educators Sharing Materials.A. Utah educators may share materials for noncommercial use thateducators have developed primarily for use in their own classes, courses or assignments.B. Utah educators may only share materials that they developedpersonally and may not unilaterally share materials that were purchased or developed by oron behalf of their public employer or the State.C. Utah educators may only share materials that are consistent with R277-515 Utah EducatorProfessional Standards. For example, educators may not share materials that advocate illegalactivities or that are inconsistent with their legal and role model responsibilities as publicemployees and licensed educators.D. Utah educators may share materials under a Creative CommonsLicense and shall be personally responsible for understanding and satisfying the requirementsof a Creative Commons License.E. The presumption of this rule is that materials may be shared. The presumption is that Utaheducators need not seek permission from their employers to sharepersonally-developed materials. However public school employers may providenotice to employees that materials developed with public school funds or during public schoolemployment must be reviewed by the employer prior to sharing or distribution.F. Public educators may not sell teacher curriculum materials developed in whole or in part withpublic education funds or developed within the employees scope of employment to Utaheducators.

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Funding OER Development it’s not free

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Institutional Leadership open courseware (OCW)

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OER Initiativesstate, institution, district

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OER Initiatives

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OER Business Models the biggest challenge?

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Lots of “Hype” About OER OER will save the world! OER save students money! Students learn more from OER!

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From Rhetoric to ResultsWe have to answer these questions with high quality empirical research

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Open Education Group openedgroup.org

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COUP FrameworkA comprehensive framework for askingquestions about the practical impacts of open educational resources

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COUP Framework• Cost savings• Outcomes in student learning• Use by teachers and learners• Perceptions of OER among users

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Cost and OutcomesThe Utah Open Textbook Project

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Utah Open Textbook Project 6000 students, 25 teachers High school science classrooms Adapted CK12.org textbooks > 95% printed books

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$11.4 2 Annual Cost Per Textbook $4.99

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http://opencontent.org/calculator/

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* Difference in CRT Scores From Year(s) Before to Year(s) After *% Proficiency Mean Change: +5.9% * * Teacher

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UseFlat World Knowledge

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Revise / Remix BehaviorFWK provides editing tools to help faculty build custom books

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Flat World Knowledge

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PerceptionsProject Kaleidoscope

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Project Kaleidoscope8 community colleges and 4-year schools California to New York

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Project Kaleidoscope Cross-institutional faculty teamsAggregate OER-based textbook replacements 11 courses, 9,000 students in 2011-2012

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Teacher Perceptions of Kaleidoscope OER Quality

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Student Perceptions of Kaleidoscope OER Quality

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COUP Framework• Cost savings• Outcomes in student learning• Use by teachers and learners• Perceptions of OER among users

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Future OER Researchwhat do we still need to know?

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Locating and Identifying OER where, what, how?

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www.google.com/advanced_search?www.oercommons.org www.montereyinstitute.org/nroc/www.curriki.org www.merlot.org