2. Stephen Toulmin was a British Philosopher,
Author, and educator, who wanted to develop
arguments that can be used to evaluate the
ethics behind moral issues. He created a model
which was used in the field of rhetoric called
the Toulmin model of argumentation.

3.  In an effort to break down to the core of an
argument, Toulmin created the Toulmin
model in which he uses a six component
diagram where he describes step by step the
validity of an argument.
 The Toulmin model helps to show how tightly
constructed arguments are and how each part
of an argument relates to the overall validity or
reasonableness of that argument

5.  The claim or Thesis is what you are trying to
get the other person to except
 Example abortion should be banned

6.  Grounds are the evidence, proves and data you
have collected to support your claim.
 Example all babies have a right to live

7.  The warrant links the claim and the evidence. It
usually begins with words like all, every, any,
or whenever. It contains mathematical
formulas, universal laws of nature, rule of
thumb, etc.
 Example There is a lack of adoptable babies
because abortion is legal. The percentage of
infants given up for adoption has declines from
9% to 1% between 1996 to 2002.

8.  Backing means giving additional information
to support the warrant.
 Example if abortion was banned, women
would be more responsible and use
contraceptives and not turn to abortion in case
of an unplanned pregnancy.

9.  The qualifier is the strength of the data. It
includes words such as most, usually, or most
likely.
 Example most women who have had an
abortion, have felt regret and sadness.

10.  The rebuttal is a counter argument used to
present the argument. The “ unlesses” to the
warrant.
 Example abortion is inhuman and it should not
be used unless in cases that involve rape.

11.  Abortion. Procon.org
 Changing
minds.org/decipline/argument/making_agu
ment/tooulmin.html