1. Analysis on the impact of d.light solar lights and
Q Drums in Oecusse, Timor-Leste
By Fundesaun Esperanza Enclave Oecusse (FEEO), Centro
Feto & Kopernik
June 2011
www.kopernik.info

2. Contents
1. Introduction
2. Q Drum project impact analysis
3. Solar light project impact analysis
4. Annex

3. 1: Introduction
Kopernik is an online marketplace connecting people in the developing world with
innovative, life-changing technologies.
Through Kopernik’s Fellowship programme, Michael Woon and Sally Bolton were
deployed to work with Kopernik’s local partners, Centro Feto and FEEO in
Oecusse, Timor-Leste.
Michael and Sally worked closely with the representatives and staff members of
Centro Feto and FEEO during their fellowship period (from November 2010 to
June 2011).
These are the results of their research on the impact of two of the technologies,
solar lights and rollable water containers, that Kopernik helped disseminate.

4. About Oecusse, Timor-Leste
Oecusse
• Oecusse is an isolated enclave on the north coast of Timor, bordered by the Indonesian
territory of West Timor.
• Approximately 45% of Oecusse’s population of 67,000 live below the poverty line.
• Almost every household in the enclave reports that there is at least one month each year
when they do not have enough food to eat.

5. 2: Q DRUM Project impact analysis

6. Project summary
Objective Relieve the burden of carrying water for the women of East Timor
Tech seeker Centro Feto
Location Oecusse, Timor-Leste
Tech
Water and Sanitation
category
Technology
30 Q Drums
and number
Many women and children in Timorese households spend hours in fetching water. This
Problems to be
deprives them of more productive use of time, exposes them to threats and affects their
solved
health conditions.
How can the
D drum enables one person to carry over 50 litres of water in one trip, significantly
technology solve
reducing the time to transport water.
the problem
Distribution
Q drum is sold at $10, by the staff of Centro Feto in the sub district of Osilo
approach
Project budget $ 6,172

7. Assessment timeline: People were asked about changes after using Q drum
for 1.5 - 2 months
1.5- 2 months Baseline
2 months Post usage
23 Feb 2011
21-23 Dec 6 Feb 2011 23-30 March
2010 2011
First base Second base First post Second post
line survey line survey usage usage
(n=13) (n=17) survey survey
(n=9) (n=21)

8. Characteristics of Q-Drum users
Sex Age
Male
3% Less than
25 yo
27%
Over 56 yo
30%
Female
Between
97% Between
26-40 yo
41-55 yo
36% Mean: 40.6 yo
7% Median: 38.5 yo
Standard Dev: 18.1
Household size Monthly household spending
Less than Over $101
2 people 10%
7% Less
than
$20
Between 20%
$51 and
Between 3
$100
Over 6 and 5
27% Between
people people
$21-$50
57% 36%
Mean: 5.6 43% Mean: $55.9
Median: 6 Median: $40
Standard Dev: 2.0 Standard Dev: 43
Source: Kopernik/Centro Feto Survey 2010-2011

9. Before the introduction of the Q Drum, 66% of households used to spend
more than an hour each day collecting water. Since using the Q-Drum this
figure has decreased to 36%.
‘How many hours do you spend collecting water each day?’
1: How many hours do you spend to collect water per day?
Before After
Persons Persons Average time spent to
collect water per day
Less than 1 10 19
39% reduction
hour
Between 1 -2 8 5 1hour
hours 21
minutes 50
minutes
More than 2 12 6
hours
Before After
Source: Kopernik/Centro Feto Survey 2010-2011

10. Before the Q Drum, 92% were making more than one trip per day to collect
water. Since using the Q Drum, this number has decreased to 30%.
‘How many times do you collect water per day?’*
Before After
Persons Persons Average number of times to
collect water per day (number)*
1 9 40% reduction
once
2,1 times
9 4
twice
1.3 times
3 0
three times
Before After
* N=13 people for this question.
Source: Kopernik/Centro Feto Survey 2010-2011

11. Before the Q Drum, multiple people collected water in 70% of households.
After the Q Drum, the number of households that required more than one
person to collect water dropped to 37%
‘How many family members collect water?’
Before After
Average number of family
Persons Persons
members to collect water per day
(person)
9 19
One member
29% reduction
10 8
Two members 2.07
person
1,47
person
Three 11 3
members Before After
Source: Kopernik/Centro Feto Survey 2010-2011

12. Before the Q Drum 73% of households had their children collect water.
Since the Q Drum this figure dropped to 53%
‘How many children in your family collect water?’
Before After
Persons Persons Average number of children to
collect water per day (person)
9 14
No children
46% reduction
1.23
7 12
One child person
0.67
person
15 4
Two children
Before After
Source: Kopernik/Centro Feto Survey 2010-2011

14. 3: Solar light project impact analysis

15. プロジェクト概要１
Project summary
Objective Lighting up Oecusse phase 1
Tech seeker Fundesaun Esperanza Enclave Oecusse (FEEO)
Location Oecusse, Timor-Leste
Tech
Energy and Environment
category
Technology
D.light’s S250 * 245 units and S10 * 718 units of Solar lights
and number
Problems to be 1% of the population in Oecusse have access to stable supply of electricity. On average
solved households are spending $13 per month on kerosene for lighting.
How can the The project distributes, through FEEO’s women’s self help groups, two types of solar
technology solve lights at subsidized prices to the poor households in Oecusse. This is the first phase of
the problem the Light-Up Timor-Leste project.
Distribution S250 was sold at $10-$12, and S10 at $5-6. Lower prices are applied to the members of
approach the self-help groups, and higher prices to the non- members.
Project budget $23,101

16. Assessment timeline: People were asked about changes, after using solar
lights for 2 - 4.5 months
Baseline
Post usage
18 - 28 Feb 2011 1-11 April
2011
15 -23 Jan 2011
3 March 2011
23-30 March
29 Dec 2010 8 Jan 2011 1 March 2011 2011 15 June 2011
First base Second base First post Second post Third post Fourth post Fifth post
line survey line survey usage usage usage usage usage
survey survey survey survey survey
Third base Fourth base
line survey line survey

17. Questionnaire respondents (N=55)
Sex Age Less than
25 yo
2%
Over 56 yo
7%
Between
Male 41-55 yo Between
44% 27% 26-40 yo
Female 64%
56%
Mean: 38.8 yo
Median: 39 yo
Standard Dev: 9.16
Household size Monthly household spending
Less than
2 people Over $101
4% 18%
Less than
$20
Over 6 29%
people Between
43% $21-$50
Between 3 Between
and 5 $51 and 13%
people $100
53% Mean: 5.2 40% Mean: $71
Median: 5 Median: $60
Standard Dev: 1.94 Standard Dev: 54.2
Source: Kopernik/Centro Feto Survey 2010-2011
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011

18. Conventional means of lighting have been significantly (but not fully)
replaced by solar lighting
‘What do you use for lighting?’
Before After
Percent Percent
Kerosene 94.5%
lamp
25.5%
Flash light 63.6%
23.6%
Candle 16.4%
0%
Gas light 9.1% 3.6%
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011

19. Even among the families still using kerosene lamps, their reliance on this
source of lighting has decreased
‘How many kerosene lamps do you use at home?’
# of kerosene lamps used at home # of kerosene lamps used at home
(Before) (After)
100% = 52 households 100% = 13 households
Invalid
data 4 lamps
5 lamps 1 lamp
3 lamps
6 1.9 5.8 4.3
4.3
4 lamps
14
15.4
30.8
2 lamps
2 lamps 1 lamp
3 lamps
69.2
42
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011

20. On average, over $13 has been saved per month, accounting for a 94%
reduction in expenditure on lighting
‘How much do you spend on lighting per month?’
Histograms of monthly expenditure on Average monthly expenditure on
lighting (n=48) lighting (n=48)
USD USD
70 Median = 8
94% reduction
60
50
40
30 13.95
20
10 Median = 0
0.85
0
Before After Before After
Source: Kopernik/Centro Feto Survey 2010-2011
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011

21. More children are studying at night, but not for longer….
‘What do members of your family do at night?’
Number of families who answered Average number of hours spent on
‘study’ studying
Families Hours
1 hour
and
1 hour
43 30
and
35 minutes
12
minutes
Before After Before After
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011

22. More families attend to agriculture/livestock related activities
‘What do members of your family do at night?’
Number of families who reported Average number of hours spent on
agriculture/livestock related activities* these activities
Families Hours
1 hour
and
42
12
minutes 51
24 minutes
Before After Before After
* Including feeding pigs, putting goats into the pen, tying up the horses, putting chickens to sleep
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011

23. More families are spending more time on income generating activities
‘What do members of your family do at night?’
Number of families who reported Average number of hours spent on
income generating activities* these activities
Families Hours
2 hours
and
1 hour
20 16
and
minutes
30
8 minutes
Before After Before After
* Including weaving tais (traditional cloth), mats, baskets and ropes
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011

25. Annex: About the local partners
• Centro Feto (Women’s Centre) is a non-government
organisation (NGO) that works to combat domestic
violence and advocate for the empowerment of women.
• As well as providing a small refuge and counseling service
for women and children suffering from domestic violence,
Centro Feto works with the community and other NGOs to
develop strategies to overcome domestic violence and
promote gender equality.
• Centro Feto implemented the Q Drum project.
• FEEO is a Timorese non-government organisation (NGO)
founded in October 2008. FEEO is based in
Pantemakassar, the district capital of Oecusse, and works
throughout the enclave to support rural development.
• The director of FEEO, Merita de Jesus Marques, is from
the Passabe sub-district of Oecusse and has extensive
experience in the field of poverty reduction.
• FEEO implemented the solar light project.