Europeana: we transform the world with culture
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Presentation given at Link and Linkage, the International Digital Culture Forum in Taichung, Taiwan on 12 and 13 August by Gill Hamilton, Digital Access Manager at National Library of Scotland. The presentation explains the work of Europeana, and the services it supports to ensure access to pan-European cultural services. It explains the history of governance of Europeana, its campaigns, advocacy and services, and looks at issues and benefits.
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Europeana: we transform the world with culture
- 1. “We transform the world with culture” Gill Hamilton | National Library of Scotland International Digital Culture Forum Taichung, Taiwan | August 2017
- 2. outline Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meu CC BY-SA OUTLINE •me, the National Library and Scotland •what is Europeana? •how it works •collections & campaigns •challenges •history and governance
- 3. National Library of Scotland Ross G. Strachan CC BY-NC-SA
- 8. Europeana’s mission “We want to transform the world with culture.” “We want to build on Europe’s rich heritage and make it easier for people to use, whether for work, learning or just for fun.
- 12. 53 million items53 million items
- 13. 53 million items53 million items Taiwan
- 14. Taiwan
- 15. How Europeana Collections works Le Louvre metadata Europeana infrastructure user mona lisa
- 19. Title here CC BY-SA The Rise of Literacy (just funded)
- 20. #AllezCulture
- 21. Title here CC BY-SA Europeana 280
- 22. Title here CC BY-SA Migration (soon)
- 24. Metadata CHALLENGES •interoperability •domain requirements SOLUTIONS •Europeana Data Model •Data Exchange Agreement •semantic enrichment
- 25. Quality CHALLENGES •quantity over quality •user expectations •balanced approach SOLUTIONS •Content Strategy •be demand driven •Publishing Framework
- 26. Rights CHALLENGES Use and re-use of cultural heritage collections SOLUTIONS •CC.0 metadata •openly licensed •lobbying the Commission
- 29. Prototype 2008
- 31. Version 1.0
- 32. 53 million items53 million items Taiwan
- 35. Le dragon dévorant les compagnons de Cadmus Public Domain Europeana Network Association
- 36. Kagamitogi Public Domain Network Association Members’ Council • established 2015 • 36 members • elected Association members • help develop Business Plan • review Task Forces and Working Groups
- 37. Kagamitogi Public Domain Network Association Management Board • 6 members • oversees Members’ Council • oversees Association finances • sit on Governing Board • represents Associations members
- 38. Colombes : championnats de France d’Athlétisme Public Domain Europeana Governing Board • 19 members • sets strategy and policy • monitors progress against strategy • manages finance operations • appoints Europeana Executive Director
- 39. Cycle Confortas Public Domain The Europeana Foundation
- 40. Colombes : championnats de France d’Athlétisme Public Domain Europeana staff • > 50 staff • based in The Hague, Netherlands • Jill Cousins, Executive Director
- 41. Colombes : championnats de France d’Athlétisme Public Domain Data partners and aggregators • Data partners supply their metadata to Europeana • Aggregators collect and transform metadata from institutions and suppy to Europeana on their behalf
- 42. Colombes : championnats de France d’Athlétisme Public Domain Working Groups • address ongoing activities and issues • proposed by Members’ Council • no time limit Copyright Governance Libraries Europeana Pro#AllezCulture Rights
- 43. Colombes : championnats de France d’Athlétisme Public Domain Task Forces • tackle issues and challenges affecting the digital heritage • proposed by Association members • have a limited timeframe • report to Members’ Council 3D assets network participationbench marking resource citationimpact assessment IIIF development audio visual media
- 44. Thank you!
Notes de l'éditeur
- I work here, well just round the corner from here, at the National Library of Scotland. As you would expect the Library has a vast collection of books, magazines, maps, archives, newspapers and manuscripts. We also have a large moving image archive and have a project to develop a sound archive for Scotland. We also have huge numbers of digital resources from e-books, e-articles, digitised maps, books and films and photographs and a large archive of websites. Many of our resources come as a result of legal deposit, but may too from purchased collections. We have some many resources we find it difficult to count. I estimate that our digital collections are approximately 25 million items, similar to the size of our print collections. I work in the Digital team in the Library as the Digital Access Manager, where I work with a team to ensure that the systems, web presence, processes and policies are in place so that people can search, find and use both our digital and physical resources. I am personally and professionally interested in open knowledge and open data and have, with colleagues, successfully lobbied the Library to adopt open license for it’s collections and data wherever possible. In support of open knowledge I have recruited and managed 2 Wikipedians-in-Residence – these roles train others on how to use the Library’s resources to create and improve Wikipedia articles. One of our Wikipedians is fluent in the ancient Scottish language Gaelic and is working to help develop the Gaelic language Wikipedia. I have been a Trustee of the Wikimedia UK, the charity that oversees UK Wikipedia volutneers, am currently a member of the Open Knowledge Scotland steering committee, and I am an elected Members of the Europeana Members’ Council and the co-author of a forthcoming book on open licensing in cultural heritage
- And this, this is Edinburgh, the city that I work in. My office is just beside that large spire in the dinstance. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and as you can see my home town is beautiful. It’s an old city set in a dramatic glacial landscape, and the castle which you can see in the distance sits on top of an old volcano And the High Street (known locally as the Royal Mile) runs downhill from the Castle through the medieval heart of the city to the Palace of Holyrood. The Palace is Queen Elizabeth II Scottish residence, and she visits regularly.
- Now one of the thing that Edinburgh is known for is its Festivals, and it is called The Festival City. Festivals run all year, from the famous Hogmanay festival in late December that sees us Scots celebrating the New Year with much singing and dancing and perhaps a little bit too much whisky! To the huge science festival in the spring which in the past has celebrated Edinburgh scientists and doctors James Clerk Maxwell, Arthur Conan Doyle, Professor Higgs (Nobel Laureate for the Higgs Boson) and Dolly the Sheep, the world’s first transgenic sheep who was born in the city. Now, I had 2 reasons to come to Taiwan – one to talk to you about Europeana but he other was to escape Edinburgh because [CLICK] this is what it looks like outside my office right now! The biggest international cultural festival in the world is in full swing in the city.
- Every August the population more than doubles from half a million to over one million with people coming from every corner of the world to attend one of the 4 festivals that are running in the city - International Festival, the Festival Fringe, the Military Tattoo and the International Book Festival. There are more that 60 000 performances and attractions to see. People visit special exhibitions in the galleries, libraries and museums, they go to the opera, they watch street performers, the visit the theatre to watch plays, and see dance, and they laugh at the many comedy acts that are on. And when everyone leaves they discuss and reflec on what they have seen, and share their experiences with their friends and family. Now you are probably thinking that I don’t actually work for the National Library but rather the Edinburgh Tourist Board. But no …. The reason that I am telling you about this “riot of culture” that is going on in Edinburgh right now ….
- .. Is because, like Edinburgh, Europeana is a “riot of culture” too. “A riot of European Culture” Of course, Europeana is not a place like Edinburgh, but it is a destination on the web, and it is the home of the biggest organised collection of digital culture in the world. Like Edinburgh, Europeana is extraordinary, fun, thought-provoking, busy, and sometimes a little overwhelming. [CLICK} There are great works of art, like this yHeironymous Bosch, beautiful examples of craftmanship such as jewelry, post cards home from WWI soldiers, noblemen, examples of stained glass from the great cathedrals, technologies such as this early military radio set, illuminated manuscripts, examples of life in europe in the Middle Ages, sports, music, life at sea, abstract and modern art, fashion and poetry – this is The Bard, Scotland’s great poet, Robert Burns. Shoe - http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/explore/galleries/highlights-of-europeana-fashion#lg=1&slide=4 Submarine - http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/explore/galleries/eric-ravilious-the-submarine-series#lg=1&slide=6 Handstand - http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/explore/galleries/heinrich-hamann#lg=1&slide=22 Croc http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/explore/galleries/mediaeval-beasts#lg=1&slide=12 Stained glass http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/explore/galleries/cathedral-of-riga-stained-glass-windows#lg=1&slide=2 Guitar http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/explore/galleries/guitars#lg=1&slide=18 Broach http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/explore/galleries/art-nouveau-jewellery#lg=1&slide=9 Burns http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/explore/galleries/highlights-of-art-from-the-united-kingdom#lg=1&slide=4 Temperaire http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/explore/galleries/highlights-of-art-from-the-united-kingdom#lg=1&slide=23 Winter http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/explore/galleries/highlights-of-art-from-the-netherlands#lg=1&slide=7 Armour http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/explore/galleries/highlights-of-art-from-norway#lg=1&slide=4 Louis 14 http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/explore/galleries/highlights-of-french-art#lg=1&slide=6 Bosch http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/explore/galleries/highlights-of-art-from-belgium#lg=1&slide=2 Post card http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/record/2020601/attachments_64019_5063_64019_original_64019_jpg.html?q=letters Invalid http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/record/2020601/attachments_97481_7094_97481_original_97481_jpg.html?q=official+documents
- Europeana’s mission is “to transform the world with culture” To take bring that culture together and make it easy for people to use, whether that be for work, education, fun or business. Europeana is many things, and does many things. (some of which I will shortly go on to explain in more detail. It is a pan-European network of professionals. It is cultural heritage organisations. It is a portal onto the collections of Europe. It is a lobbying and advocacy body. It is a dedicated staff of professionals based in the Netherlands. It is cultural campaigns. It is hack-athons. It is data standards. It is technical infrastructure. It is curated exhibitions. Let me try to explain more about Europeana in a little more detail.
- Europeana is about providing access to cultural heritage, and at its core an cultural heritage organisations from across Europe that contribute data about their collections to European
- More than 2,500 European cultural heritage organisations contribute to Europeana. Collections from some of the most famous museums, galleries and libraries such as Le Louvre in Paris (home of Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa, the British Library, London, and the Ufizzi Gallery in Florence, Italy are made available to Europeana.
- … to those that are less well known but equally important int terms of our European heritage; such as the interesting museum in Belgium, Shoes or no shoes, which has a collection of more that 2500 pairs of footwear from more than 150 countries. Or the Albanian Central State Film Archive in Tirane – which holds the cinematographic output of Albania since 1947.
- Together these 2500 cultural organisation (have made available more than 53 million digital representations of artefacts from their collection in almost every imaginable form including; paintings, drawings, film, printed books, maps, textiles, sound, manuscripts, videos, jewellry, ceramics, sculpture and so on. Mundane objects such as pipes for plumbing are represented alongside great works of art such a Munch’s The Scream. The cultural organisations supply their data to Europeana team who work their magic on it to bring it together in the Europeana Collections portal.
- Europeana Collections is perhaps the most obvious “face” of Europeana. It is a sophisticated search interface with powerful tools to filter the search. Users can either browse the whole collection, or view collections curated by subject experts – such as the 1914-1918 World War I collection, or search as they would any search engine.
- Perhaps I can demostrate Europeana Collections to show you how it functions. Let’s look to see if there is anything about Taiwan in Europeana. [I will give a demo I will search for the term Taiwan, and demonstrate that there are > 3000 results for Taiwan) - I will refine the search by adding the term Thompson. I will mention that John Thompson is a famous Scottish pioneer of photography who visited Taiwan in 1871, photographing the people of the West Plains of Tainan. I will explain that the image originates from the Wellcome Library in London, that it is minimal metadata and that it is licensed for free use and re-use. I will then show that we a redirected to the Wellcome Library’s website, where it can be downloaded I will then go on to show that you can browse by images, sound, texts and videos
- It’s important to understand that Europeana Collections only holds the data relating to cultural collections. When users search the portal and select an item to view in more detail they are redirect to the item at its source organisation. So in this hypothetical example, let’s say that Le Louvre in Paris sends its metadata to Europeana staff. They then take the data and merge it with other data from other museums, archives, galleries and libraries from across Europe into the Europeana technical infrastructure that underpins the portal. A user comes along and searches Europeana Collections for the Mona Lisa. The search results show Leonardo Da Vinci’s portrait of Mona Lise, but also the film Mona Lisa Smile (starring American actors Julia Roberts and Kirsten Dunst). When they select the Da Vinci Mona Lisa, they are redirected to Le Louvre’s website, where they can view the image with all the information and context from Le Louvre.
- Thematic collections, curated.
- . For example, Europeana Fashion tells the story of fashion in Europe. It explores the lives and work of designers such as Yves Saint Laurent and Chanel, looks at the materials used in design and development of different styles and techniques used. It brings together collections from more than 30 organizations. The collection was curated by a specially formed group called The Europeana Fashion International Association. It’s a wonderful collection of beautiful clothes and shoes, and is very fun to explore.
- On a more serious note Europeana 1914-1918 explores WWI and how it impacted the lives of millions of Europeans. This is an extraordinary collection of more than 700,00 items and is the biggest curated collection on Europeana. It is made of materials from from cultural heritage organisations but also from and memorabilia from people touched by the war. To help build the Collection Europeana worked in partnership with libraries, museums and galleries across Europe hosting Collecting Days, inviting members of the public to come along and discuss how their families were touched by the war, whether that be a letter from a long dead great great grandfather who fought at the Battle of the Somme, a photograph, or a reminiscence. One component of the 1914-1918 collection is a “transcribe-athon” – a project to transcribe the texts if more than 25,000 documents including diaries, letters, official documents. The transcribe-athon is a fantastic way of engage people in the story of the war, helping them understand the politics of the conflict, the horror and the hardship. [I may demonstrate WWI http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/collections/world-war-I or the transcribe-athon https://transcribathon.com/en/ ]
- A new thematic collection is just about to commence development, starting in September this year - The Rise of Literacy in Europe. This is a collaborative project of with more than 12 organisations participating including National Library of Scotland, Bibliotheque Nationale de France, Italian Archives and many others. This project has received 1 million euros from a European Commission It will pay for project management, curatorial staff, digitisation, content development and curation, selection, building of a dedicated site. Together all the partners will contribute 1 million euros “in-kind”.
- Europeana has also developed several marketing and promotion campaigns seek to promote and raise visibility of Europeana, cultural heritage organizations and their collections as trustworthy resources for education, research and enjoyment, and also to connect and engage European citizens. Thepromote European culture and the work of Europeana in making culture accessible. One of the campaigns, #AllezCulture has proved successful in raising awareness of Europeana collections on Twitter. Last year Europeana members and staff posted images from the Europeana Collections of faces from history. With the phrase “I am ….” for example Selma Lagerlof, the 1st woman to win a Nobel Prize for Literature. #AllezCulture has been now been expanded to other campaigns. Recently a new campaign #AllezLiterature promoted great poetic works from Europe on Twitter on UNESCO World Poetry Day.
- Another campaign called Europeana 280, to celebrate each of the 28 Member States’ contribution to European art history. Each Member States’ Ministry of Culture selected 10 of the greatest works of art from their country and these were shared via the Europeana Ar History collections. http://pro.europeana.eu/pressrelease/europeana-280-art-from-the-28-countries-of-europe
- The next campaign that is planned is on migration. From the earliest times Europeans have moved between the countries of Europe, join Europe from abroad, or left for new countries. Of course nowadays all European Union citizens have freedom of movement within the Union and can live and work in any country. Also recently the European Union has seen many refugees arrive from countries such as Syria in the Middle East. To raise awareness of our cultural diversity and to help understanding our differences Europeana will be launching an #allezMigration campaign in the new year. Watch this space
- As you can see Europeana is a powerful resource for exploring and using European culture , but I’d like now to talk about some of the challenges that Europeana
- Challenges for metadata - When you bring together metadata from libraries, museums, archive and galleries from different countries across europe, there are many variations in the metadata standards used. Domain specific metadata requirements (e.g. library metadata is different from archives metadata, is different from museums) There is a danger that when you bring together data from different domains some data may be lost during data merging Europeana have addressed these issues in a number of ways. - They have developed a Europeana Data Model which all institutions must supply their data in. EDM was specifically designed by Europeana to accommodate the metadata from all organisations. It is very well considered and experts at Europeana took the best practices from SKOS, CIDOC-CRM, OAI-ORE (object re-use and exchangeand Dublin Core) The great advantage that EDM has over some other formats is that it can readily distinguish between the physical object and its digital version, and can accommodate objects that are made of other objects. It is also compatible with different levels of description – from high level to granular (like archives). And is represented in RDF (resource Description Framework), and is therefore enabled for linked open data and the semantic web enable So that Europeana can manipulate and change metadata supplied by institutions, it is a requirement of participation in Europeana that all institutions sign the Data Exchange Agreement which requires that metadata is supplied under a Creative Commons CC.0 (CC zero) license. This allows Europeana to alter and enhance metadata in anyway that they choose. It also prevents Europeana from relicensing the metadata. With data in EDM and available under an open license, Europeana is able to enhance and enrich the data by connecting with open vocabularies such as Geonames and dbPedia (the data layer beneath Wikipedia).
- http://pro.europeana.eu/files/Europeana_Professional/Publications/Europeana%20Content%20Strategy.pdfI nitially – quantity over quality. As much content as possible to meet EU requirements of x million objectives, leading to poor quality data about objects and poor quality content. For users to be able to use and re-use they need to be discoverable (so good metadata), but also good quality content Solutions – improving quality is made strategic initiative. Europeana Content Strategy http://pro.europeana.eu/publication/content-strategy Defines high quality content and encourages organisations to provide high quality data and content, that is open for use and re-use Removes non-compliant data from and content Europeana Seeks to improve existing compliant data within Europeana And be demand driven - he Content Strategy is driven by user demands to tailor Europeana to user needs. This method will inform us of the themes we want to prioritise for publication, the quality aspects prioritised for improvement and the functionalities we offer to distribute the content (e.g. search improvements). By making this connection between content and user needs more explicit, we also aim to engage more with our data partners, to help them identify the right content. Thematic collections – what people need now
- I may not use this slide. – it is currently hidden
- Having told you all about Europeana, it’s campaigns and collections, challenges and solutions I’d not like to spend a couple of minutes explaining its history and how it came about.
- On 28 April 2005 the Heads of state of France, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Germany and Italy sent a letter to José Manuel Barroso, the then President of the European Commission. The letter explained that libraries already played a key role in collecting and recording the outputs of European culture, and they proposed that that “une bibliothèque numérique européenne” or a pan-European digital library be established, with support of the European Commission support. This library would provide free and open access to digital cultural resources for all; the public, researchers etc. Now at that time the European Commission was already beginning to consider such a European Digital Library initiative under one of its then forthcoming strategic programs called i2010 – this was a program that focused on supporting the development of Europe as an Information Society. The political influence of the letter from those 6 heads of state ensured that the European Digital Library, would be supported both financially and organizationally by the Commission. The Commission funded the project and set a target of 2 million documents to be made available 2008, and 6 million by 2010. The Bibliothèque nationale de France lead the project and in partnership with the Portuguese and Hungarians built a prototype system, naming it Europeana.
- The prototype of Europeana was successfully launched in November 2008, providing access to more than 4.5 million digital resources, more than twice what the Commission had required. Contributions came from more than 1000 galleries, libraries, museums and archives across Europe. As you can see, at this early stage of development Europeana is little more than a search interface to resources – but what is hidden from view, “under the bonnet” is the challenge of mediating, and transforming metadata from 100s of organisations across Europe.
- On launch of the prototype, such was the unexpected demand – more than 10 million visits an hour, that the Europeana servers crashed. It took several weeks to rebuild the service on more powerful and robust technology before it was once again made available. Despite this “hiccup” the prototype was seen as a huge success, and in 2009 the European Commission provided further funding for and additional 30 months to develop Europeana into a fully operational, multi-lingual service.
- This funding helped to establish the Europeana office and staff of over 30 people at the Dutch National Library in The Hague in the Netherlands. A technical team focussed on the development Europeana version 1.0, the fully functional, an ingest team worked on manipulating content providers metadata for the service, content curators, and marketing and promotion teams. As you can see by 2011, Europeana had matured into a fully functional service, complete with search, exhibitions, blogs and featured items.
- And of course the interface has evolved in to this, which I showed you earlier.
- Finally I want to say a few words about goverance and how Europeana is organised
- Europeana governance structure is this, a governing board, management board, a Council and a Network Association. http://pro.europeana.eu/files/Europeana_Professional/Governing_Board/deed-of-amendment-to-statutes-of-europeana-foundation-15november2016-dutch-english.pdf
- Firstly, looking at the Europeana Network Association AGM-ers in the Gallery of Honour, Europeana, CC BY http://pro.europeana.eu/blogpost/we-are-europeana-the-europeana-network-association-agm-2015 The Europeana Network Association is more than 1700 members representing cultural heritage organisations, universities, museums. Libraries, education, content providers developers, They directly and indirectly influence the decision making of the Europeana by appointing members council and managing board. Anyone may become a member of the Association, and membership is not strictly limited to those working in Member States Europe. There is an annual general meeting of the Association. Recently the meetings have been in The Prado in Madrid, the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, and this year it will be held in Milan, in Italy. Europeana offers modest financial support for those wanting to attend the AGM. http://pro.europeana.eu/files/Europeana_Professional/Europeana_Network/Association_Updates/Governance%20documents/europeana-network-association-statutes.pdf
- Members Council is Elected by Europeana Network association They are cultural heritage professionals, researchers, academics, developers, experts (copyright, digital humanities, policy) They help develop the Business Plan, review Task Forces and Working Groups. They meet 3-4 times a year, often in the Hague, Vienna or Copenhagen.
- The Management Board oversees the Members’ Council and is elected from the Council. They represent all Network Association members. They sit on the Governing Board.
- 2 founding members, 4 experts, 3 representitves from member states, 4 content provider associations, 6 management board Europeana Foundation Governing Board sets and manages Europeana strategy, business plan goals and objectives, manages the financial operations and ensures strategy is fulfilled. http://pro.europeana.eu/structure/foundation-governing-board
- The Europeana Foundation is the formal organisation that is Europeana – it is constituted in Dutch law and is an official Association. It has a set of statutes which state its role and purpose and what the governance structure is. http://pro.europeana.eu/files/Europeana_Professional/Governing_Board/deed-of-amendment-to-statutes-of-europeana-foundation-15november2016-dutch-english.pdf
- And of course there is the expert Europeana staff, based in the Hague. They’re expertise is wide and varied. There are software developers, data modelling and transformation experts, marketing and communications specialists, financial and administrative colleagues, content curators, senior managers working on strategy and plans, and of course Jill Cousins the Executive Director. Jill and her senior colleagues working closely with the Governing, Managing boards and the Members Council to develop the business plans, strategies and direction of Europeana.
- Most large organisations such as national libraries and museums and large universities have enough resources and expertise to prepare their metadata in EDM and supply it directly to Europeana (these are the so called data partners). To help smaller organizations contribute to Europeana, aggregators may collection content from these small organisations and transform it to EDM ontheir behalf and then supply that data to Europeana. Some large organisations such as national libraries work as aggregators for smaller libraries.
- Working groups address issues and activities that are on going. For example the AllezCulture campaign working group meets regularly to determine how best to develop new campaigns and promote existing one. The Governance working group in the past established Europeana as an Association under Dutch law and determined how elections for Members’ Council should be managed. The Copyright and Rights working group lobbies for openness in metadata and content, and on behalf of all members make comment to the European Commission about copyright matters in relation to cultural heritage.
- Task forces and time limited groups that come together to tackle new or developing issues. For example the IIIF task force which I am a member investigated the adoption of the IIIF image standard by Europeana members and made recommendations of how wider adoption could be encouraged.
- [some pre-amble to conclude]