Digital content management involves the administration of digital content throughout its lifecycle from creation to permanent storage or deletion. A key part of digital content management is digital rights management (DRM) which uses technologies like fingerprinting, watermarking, and digital certificates to restrict the use and sharing of digital content and protect the intellectual property rights of content creators. The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) system is also important for digital content as it provides a persistent way to uniquely identify digital objects online.

1. Digital Content Management
RupeshKumarA
Email:a.rupeshkumar@gmail.com

2. Content Management
• Content management (CM) is the administration of digital
content throughout its lifecycle, from creation to permanent
storage or deletion. The content involved may be images,
video, audio and multimediaas wellas text.

3. Stages in Content Management
• Creation
• Editing
• Publishing
• Management
• Removal

4. Digital Content Management
• Digitalcontent management systemis a software system that
provides preservation, organization and dissemination
services for digitalcollections.

5. Digital Object Identifer
• Digital object identifier (DOI) is a type of persistent identifier used to uniquely
identify objects. The DOI system is particularly used for electronic documents
such as journal articles.
• A persistent identifier (PI or PID) is a long-lasting reference to a document,
file, web page, or other object.
• The term "persistent identifier" is usually used in the context of digital objects
that are accessible over the Internet. Typically, such an identifier is not only
persistent but actionable.
• DOI system began in 2000 and is managed by the International DOI
Foundation.

6. Parts of DOI Name
• A DOIname takes the form of a character string.
• This string is divided into two parts: aprefix and asuffix.
• The two parts are divided by a slash.
• A prefix usually takes the form of 10.NNNN where “10.” part identifies
the DOIregistry.
• NNNNrepresents the registrant
• NNNNrepresents numbers equal to or greater than 1000.
• If the first part of prefix is “10.” it indicates the International DOI
Foundation.
• A prefix mayfurther be subdivided like 10.NNNN.NN
• A suffix represents the item IDfor asingle object.

7. An Example of DOI
• B.T.SampathKumarK.S.ManojKumar,(2012),"Persistenceandhalf-lifeof URLcitationscited in
LISopen accessjournals",Aslib Proceedings,Vol.64Iss. 4pp.405–422
• Permanentlinktothis document:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00012531211244752
• In theabove example theDOI nameis:
10.1108/00012531211244752
1st Part of Prefix
indicates DOI
Registry
2nd Part of Prefix
indicates
registrant
Suffix indicates
item id

8. Resolving a DOI name
• A DOI namecan be resolved by clicking theDOI url which
willbe in theform of
http://dx.doi.org/10.NNNN/xyz
• Alternatively, a DOI namecan be entered in theDOI website
www.doi.org to resolve it.

11. Applications of DOI
• ApplicationsofDOI include:
– scholarlymaterials(journalarticles,books,ebooks,etc.)through
CrossRef,a consortiumofaround3,000publishers;
– researchdatasetsthroughDataCite,a consortiumofleadingresearch
libraries,technicalinformationproviders,andscientificdata centers;
– EuropeanUnionofficialpublicationsthroughtheEUpublicationsoffice;
– Permanentglobalidentifiersforcommercialvideocontentthroughthe
EntertainmentID Registry,commonlyknownas EIDR.

12. • Crossref an official Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Registration
AgencyoftheInternationalDOI Foundation.
• It is run by the Publishers International Linking Association Inc.
(PILA).
• It was launched in early 2000 as a cooperative effort among
publishers to enable persistent cross-publisher citation linking in
onlineacademicjournals.
• Detailsavailableatwww.crossref.org

13. Crossref: the Association
• Crossref is a not-for-profitassociation.
• It consists of about 2000 voting member publishers who
represent 4300 societies and publishers, including both
commercialand not-for-profitorganizations.
• Crossref does not provide a database of fulltext scientific
content.
• It facilitates the links between distributed content hosted at
othersites.

14. Services
• Assigning DOIs to scholarly content
– Crossref is an official DOI Registration Agency of the International DOI
Foundation.
– It assigns DOIs to scholarly content: journal articles, books, ebooks, etc.
• CrossMark
– CrossMark is an update system which facilitates referencelinking and updates
of versions of a document.
– If an update of a documentexists, the status information will include a DOI
link to the updated document.
• Plagiarismscreening and searching by funders
– Crossref provides plagiarism detection service

15. OpenURL
• OpenURL is a standardized format for encoding a description of a
resource withinaUniformResourceLocator(URL).
• It is intended to help Internet users to find a copy of the resource
thattheyareallowedtoaccess.
• It is usually used by libraries to help connect patrons with such
content as articles, books, or patents held in their collections or
availableby subscription.

16. OpenURL Standard
• OpenURLis a NISO standard ANSI/NISO Z39.88-2004.
• It is designed to enable linking from information resources
such as abstractingand indexingdatabases tolibrary services.
• The OpenURL links are mediated by software called “link
resolver”.

17. History
• OpenURL was created by Herbert Van de Sompel, a librarian at the
University of Ghent, inthe late1990s.
• Herbert, along with Patrick Hochstenbach and other colleagues at Ghent
University in Belgium, developed the OpenURL framework from 1998 to
2000.
• As part of the OpenURL development, they implemented the linking
server software calledSFX server.
• SFX Server software was lateracquired by ExLibris Group.
• In 2005, a revised version of OpenURL (version 1.0) became ANSI/NISO
standard Z39.88-2004.

18. Format of OpenURL
• An OpenURL containstwo parts:
– A base URL, which contains the address of the user’s institutional
link-server
– A query string consisting key value pairs serialized for the context
object.

19. OpenURL Parameters

20. Examples
• Linkingto a journal’s listof issues
{host}/openurl?genre=journal&issn=1559-3134
• Linkingto a book’s tableof contents
{host}/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-1-880124-61-1
• Linkingto table of contentsofanissue of journal
{host}/openurl?genre=journal&issn=1559-
3134&date=2006&volume=23&issue=3
• Linkingto a publicationwitha given DOI
{host}/openurl?id=doi:10.1108/00012531211244752

21. Application of OpenURL
• OpenURLis used for dynamic URL construction.
• Suppose a library has certain local collections and certain
subscribed collections.
• Implementing OpenURL will dynamically generate URLs and
direct theuser to appropriate sources.
• ResolvinganOpenURL is done by linkresolver software.

22. Resource Discovery

23. Background & Need
• WWW contains several billions of web sites with trillions of web pages and
otherresources.
• It is ‘practically’ impossible to find a specific document without knowing its
location.
• Notalldocuments will havedescriptive metadata accompanied withthem.
• Crawlers and spider programs used to index the Web may fail if the location of
a resourcechanges.
• Traditional search engines cannot effectively search and locate the resources
contained withinthedatabases.
• There was a need for a mechanism to help users discover the resources from a
varietyofsources.
• Thus, the concept ‘resource discovery’ was born.

24. Resource Discovery
• Resource discovery system is a collective set-up of Web
environment, where content integration from a diversity of
information products and services are represented from a
variety of domains relevant to the information needs of the
user.
• The term is generally used in the context of electronic
resources.

25. Purpose
• Identification of information resources and providing a
centralpoint of access tothem.
• Resources are made accessible irrespective of their location,
storage media,acquisitionprocedure or theauthority.
• Resource discovery adopts an integrated approach to locate a
variety of resources scattered over several sources.

26. Resource DiscoverySystem
Library
Catalogue
Online
Databases
Institutional
Repository
Web-based
Resources
User
Resource Discovery

27. Resource DiscoveryMechanism
• Discovery service is state of the art of technology based on pre-harvested
metadata fromvariouscollections ofresources.
• Discovery tools contain web based software that searches online databases and
library catalogue metadata in a unified index and present search results in a
single interface.
• Web scale discovery services are flexible services which provide quick and
seamless discovery, delivery, and relevancy ranking capabilities across a huge
repositoryof content.
• discovery systems with a central index to serve as single point of search for
entirecollection of resources

28. Resource DiscoveryTools
• CommercialTools
• Open Source and Free Tools

29. CommercialTools for Resource Discovery
• Serials SolutionSummon
• EBSCO Discovery Service
• ExLibris Primo
• OCLC WorldCat Local
• Knimbus

30. Open Source & Free Tools
• Blacklight
• eXtensibleCatalogue– XC
• VuFind

31. Conclusion
• Resource Discovery helps in providing the user a single point
of search and access to a variety of resources scattered in
differentsources.
• Thus, resource discovery fulfil the spirit of the Five Laws of
Library Sciencein an electronic, Web environment.

32. Digital Rights Management (DRM)

33. Background
• Proliferation of WWW has opened up a global platform for
digitalcontentsharing.
• Though laws regarding Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) exist,
theyare confined tothefair useof content(subject matter).
• There was a need to protect the interest of the
creator/producer of digital content from unauthorized
copying/sharingof digitalcontent.
• Thus,the conceptof DRMwas born.

34. DRM Defined
• Digital Rights Management is a technology that creates
certain conditions about how some digital media files can be
usedand shared.

35. Purpose
• To prevent unauthorized redistribution of digital media and restrict the
waysconsumers can copy content they've purchased.
• DRM was developed in response to the rapid increase in online piracy of
commercially marketed material.
• DRM technologies try to control the use, modification, and distribution of
copyrighted works (such as software and multimedia content), as well as
systems within devices that enforce these policies.
• The legalcontext for DRM is provided by Copyright law.

36. DRM:Contrasting views
• Theuseof DRMis not universally accepted.
• Proponents argue that it is necessary to prevent intellectual
property from beingcopied freely.
• Opponents argue that there is no evidence that DRM helps
prevent copyright infringement, instead it causes
inconvenienceto legitimatecustomers.

37. Content
Creator Consumer
DRM

38. DRM:Methods & Techniques
• Software
– Limiting the numberof installations
– Persistent online authentication
– Product Keys
• Documents
– Enterprise Digital Rights Management(E-DRM)
• E-books: limiting printing, copying & sharing
• Video: use of encryption algorithm
• Music: preventing copying (Audio CDs)
• Internet Music: restricted usage of music purchased and downloaded

39. DRM inDigital Libraries
• Several methodsof DRM are inpractice in digital libraries.
The most common are:
– Fingerprinting
– Watermarking
– Digital Certificate
– Digital Signature