UTP history of Transportation

1. History of Transport
By
SATISH SAJJA

2. Introduction
• The history of transport evolved with the development of
human culture. Long distance walking tracks developed as trade
routes in ancient times. For most of human history the only
forms of transport apart from walking were using domesticated
animals or transport in small boats.
• Various modes of transport like Road transport, Maritime
Transport, Rail Transport, Air Transport, Space Flight were
developed subsequently as ages gone by.

3. Road Transportation
• The first earth tracks were created by humans carrying goods .
• Animals were domesticated and horses, oxen and donkeys were
used as an element for track creation.
• Later, the travois, a frame used to drag loads, was developed.
• Animal drawn Wheels were developed in 4th millennium B.C in
the Ancient east and spread to Europe and India, and then to
China in about 1200 B.C
• After the invention of wheel, the necessity of providing a hard
surface was came in to picture.

4. Cont..
• Romans are the first to develop the road networks for their
growth in wealth by transporting goods, military operations
and urbanization, Assyrian Empire constructed first road in
about 1900 B.C, hence Romans are considered to be pioneers
in road construction.
• Various Type of road Construction :
☺ Roman Roads – 1900 BC, Appian way 312 B.C-518Kms
☺ Tresaguet Construction – 1775 A.D (developed during
Napoleon regime in France).
☺ Metcalf Construction - 17th century
☺ Telford Constrution – 1803 A.D.
☺ Macadam Construction – 1827 A.D
Note : In India the excavations of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa
haverevealed the existence of roads in as early as 25 to 35 centuries B.C

5. Historical Time line of transport
• Various types of vehicles are used for transportation through
roads from ancient times to modern era like, wheel barrow,
Bullock carts, bicycles, motorized two wheelers, Motorized four
wheelers, etc.,
Time line Invention
3500 B.C Fixed Wheels on Carts were invented.
3500 B.C River Boats are incented.
2000 B.C Horses are domesticated and used for Transportation.
181-234 Wheel barrow was invented
1620 First submarine
1662 Blaise Pascal invents First Public Bus
1783 First steam boat
1783 First hot air balloons
1769 First self-propelled road vehicle invented by Nicolas Joseph Cugnot

6. Cont..
Time line Invention
1790 Modern Bi-cycle invented.
1814 George Stephenson invents the first practical steam powered railroad
locomotive
1862 Jean Lenoir makes a gasoline engine automobile
1867 First motorcycle invented
1871 First cable car was invented.
1885 Karl Benz builds the world's first practical automobile to be powered by
an internal combustion engine
1903 The Wright Brothers invent and fly the first engined airplane
1908 Henry Ford improves the assembly line for automobile manufacturing
1908 Hydrofoil boats co-invented by Alexander Graham Bell & Casey Baldwin -
boats that skimmed water

7. Cont…
Time line Invention
1926 First liquid propelled rocket launched
1940 Modern helicopters invented
1947 First supersonic jet flight
1956 Hovercraft invented
1964 Bullet train transportation invented
1969 First manned mission (Apollo) to the Moon
1970 First jumbo jet
1981 Space shuttle launched
1783 First Parachute.

8. Maritime Transport
• In the stone ages primitive boats developed to permit navigation
of rivers and for fishing in rivers and off the coast.
• With the development of civilization, bigger vessels were
developed both for trade and war.
• .In the Mediterranean,galleys were developed about 3000 BC.
Galleys were eventually rendered obsolete by ocean-going
sailing ships, such as the Arabic caravel in the 13th
century, the Chinese treasure ship in the early 15th century, and
the Mediterranean man-of-war in the late 15th century. In
the Industrial Revolution, the first steamboats and later diesel-powered
ships were developed.
• Eventuallysubmarines were developed mainly for military
purposes.

9. Cont…
• Meanwhile specialised craft were developed for river and canal
transport. Canals were developed in Mesopotamia 4000 BC.
The Indus Valley Civilization in Pakistan and North India (from
2600 BC) had the first canal irrigation system in the world.
• The longest canal of ancient times was the Grand Canal of
China. It is 1,794 kilometers (1,115 mi) long and was built to
carry the Emperor Yang Guang between Beijing and Hangzhou.
• Canals were developed in the Middle
Ages in Europe in Venice and the Netherlands.
• In the Industrial Revolution, inland canals were built in History
of the British canal system England and later the United
States before the development of railways. Specialised craft
were also developed for fishing and later whaling.

10. Rail Transport
• The history of rail transportation dates back nearly 500 years, and
includes systems with man or horse power and rails of wood (or
occasionally stone).
• This was usually for moving coal from the mine down to a river,
from where it could continue by boat, with a flanged wheel
running on a rail.
• The use of cast iron plates as rails began in the 1760s, and was
followed by systems (plateways) where the flange was part of the
rail. However, with the introduction of rolled wrought iron rails,
these became obsolete.

11. Cont…
• Modern rail transport systems first appeared in England in the
1820s. These systems, which made use of the steam
locomotive, were the first practical form of mechanized land
transport, and they remained the primary form of mechanized
land transport for the next 100 years

12. Aviation
• Humanity's desire to fly likely dates to the first time man
observed birds, an observation illustrated in the legendary stories
of Daedalus and Icarus in Greek mythology, and
the Vimanas in Indian mythology.
• Much of the focus of early research was on imitating birds, but
through trial and error, balloons, airships, gliders and eventually
powered aircraft and other types of flying machines were
invented.
• Kites were the first form of man-made flying objects,[2] and early
records suggest that kites were around before 200 BC in China.

13. Cont…
• During the 17th and 18th century, when scientists began
analysing the Earth's atmosphere, gases such as hydrogen were
discovered which in turn led to the invention of hydrogen
balloons.
• Various theories in mechanics by physicists during the same
period of time—notably fluid dynamics and Newton's laws of
motion—led to the foundation of modern aerodynamics.
• TheWright brothers made the first sustained, controlled and
powered heavier-than-air flight on December 17, 1903, in their
revolutionary aircraft, theWright Flyer.

14. Cont…
• World War II saw a drastic increase in the pace of aircraft
development and production. All countries involved in the war
stepped up development and production of aircraft and flight
based weapon delivery systems, such as the first long range
bomber.
• After the war ended, commercial aviation grew rapidly, using
mostly ex-military aircraft to transport people and cargo.
• The first commercial jet airliner to fly was the British De
Havilland Comet. This marked the beginning of the Jet Age, a
period of relatively cheap and fast international travel.

15. pictures
• The Ariel, the first high-wheel Ordinary, is manufactured in Britian.
• This image shows an "Ordinary" bicycle in late 1800.
• First gas engine motor cylce.

16. Cont…
• Steam powered car in 1771
• Pilots pushing an early Spitfire Mark IXb, Biggin Hill, late 1942.

17. • McCall's first (top) and improved velocipede of 1869

18. • Wooden draisine (around 1820), the earliest two-wheeler.

19. Ordinary bicycle, Skoda Museum, Mlada Boleslav, Czech
Republic

20. Bicycle in Victorian Plymouth England, with a predecessor of the
Starley diamond-frame

21. Replica of First Motorcycle by Daimler

22. Ural650cc sidecar two-wheel drive

23. Motorbike "NSU SportMax" (1955) at the de:Deutsches Zweirad-und
NSU-Museum Neckarsulm/Germany,

24. A Chinese Sui Dynasty(581–618 AD) cart figurine pulled by a
bull.

25. An iron-tyred wooden-spoked cart wheel

26. A charrette, a wooden French cart

27. Carts from different Malay regions, exhibited at the Muzium
Negara.

28. Hand-propelled wheel cart, Indus Valley Civilization (3000–1500
BCE). Housed at theNational Museum, New Delhi.

29. Horse drawn railway coach, late 18th century

30. Parisian Omnibus, late nineteenth century

31. Retired GM bus

32. Old bus, serving Viveiro and Lugo in
Galicia, Spain

33. Cugnot's steam wagon, the second (1771)
version

34. Model-T Ford car parked outside GeelongLibrary at its launch in
Australia in 1915

35. 1885-built Benz Patent Motorwagen, the first car to go
into production with an internal combustion engine

36. The second Marcus car of 1888 at the
Technical Museum in Vienna

37. A Stanley Steamer racecar in 1903. In 1906, a similar
Stanley Rocket set the world land speed record at
205.5km/h at Daytona Beach Road Course.

38. THANK YOU