Ferdinand Marcos was the president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. During his presidency, he implemented reforms in many areas including land, education, labor, and the economy. He also oversaw infrastructure projects and economic growth. However, he declared martial law in 1972 and was later ousted in 1986 following allegations of corruption and human rights abuses.

1. By:
Kim Pamela Co #9
Janine Chua #8
Kimberly Yu #34
I-Compassion

3. Ferdinand Marcos was the son of a
politician, he practiced as a trial lawyer before
serving under Manuel Roxas, the first
Introduction
president of the independent Philippines.
He was himself elected president in 1966. In
his first term, he made progress in
agriculture, industry, and education.

4.  Certain habits/behaviors of the people contribute to
the obstacles to modernization.
1. Ethic of “utang na loob” .
2. Colonial mentality .
3. In-group harmony and coherence .
 A spirit of self-sacrifice for the progress of the nation
was needed.
 “Sa ikauunlad ng bayan, disiplina ang kailangan”
.

5. The specific areas of the New Society envisioned by Pres.
Marcos for reform:
1.Peace and Order
2.Land Reforms
3.Educational Reforms
4.Labor Reforms
5.Government Reorganization
6.Economic Reforms
7.Social Services

6. 1. Peace and Order
Martial law – to restore peace and order
Criminals were either captured and detained or killed
2. Land Reforms
Exploitation of the poor and landless peasants by their
landlords
Presidential Decree No. 2 - proclaiming the “whole country
as a reform area”
Presidential Decree No. 27 – abolishes tenancy
By the end of martial law in 1981, 532, 153 tenant-farmers
had become owners of rice and corn lands in 45 provinces.

7. 3. Educational Reforms
Marcos believed that education was a very important role
towards the goal of the “New Society”.
President Marcos vowed that his administration “shall
educate our children, our men and women, and ourselves.”
Education Development Decree of 1972 – defines a more
responsive role for the education system

8. 4. Labor Reforms
First Labor Day
Presidential Decree No. 21 – fast and just settlements of
disputes through the National Labor Relations Commission
Presidential Decree 99 – minimum wages for household
helpers
Presidential Decree No. 143 – “Blue Sunday Law”
(mandatory rest for every worker once a week)
Presidential Decree No. 148 – eliminates anti-employment
provisions of the Woman and Child Labor Law
Presidential Decree No. 197 – More effective apprenticeship
program

9. 5. Gov’t Reorganization
Presidential Decree No. 1 – “Integrated Reorganization Plan
(dismiss corrupt officials) (a total of 6, 655 employees were
dismissed)
6. Economic Reforms
Year Annual rate of Growth
Pre-War 3.3%
GNP Growth Post-War 5.5%
Rate 1978-1979 6.1%
1979-1980 5.4%
1980-1981 4.9%

10. Pre-War (1920- Post-War (1946- 1978-1980
1940) 1970)
Rice Rice Coconut
Corn Corn Centrifugal Sugar
Sugar Sugar Lumber/Plywood
6 Key Industries
of the Coconut Coconut Copper/Iron
Philippines Abaca Logs Fruits/Vegetables
Tobacco Copper Miscellaneous
products
Presidential Decree No. 3 – appropriating funds for public
works involving rehabilitation and capital development

11. 7. Social Services
The Marcos Administration extended social services
available to the people, focusing on the people affected
by poverty
Aim – to make the people self-reliant and productive
1.Health and Nutrition
2.Family Planning
3.Housing and Human Settlements

12. We became the top exporters of rice
Liberal credit and extension work was the “secret” of
Masagana 99 Pre-War (1920- Post-War (1946- 1978-1980
Educated agricultural technicians
1940) 1970)
Provided farmers with full creditRice
Rice support Coconut
After 3 years,Corn Philippines experienced its highest
the Corn Centrifugal Sugar
productivity increase in rice production (1976-1985)
6 Key Industries Sugar Sugar Lumber/Plywood
Masagana 99 uplifted the lives Coconut
of the
Coconut of the farmers Copper/Iron
Philippines
Mobilized government resources to help the farmers in rural
Abaca Logs Fruits/Vegetables
areas (helicopters, etc..)
Tobacco Copper Miscellaneous
products

13. Encourages economical growth
Farmers were given technical and financial aid as well as
other incentives
Good Effects:
•Economic growth rate increases from 5% to 6-
7% (1970-1980)
•The GNP increases from P55 billion (1972) to
P193 billion (1980)
Bad Effects:
Year Annual rate of Growth
•Debt from the International Monetary Fund
Pre-War 3.3%
(IMF) and the World Bank rises from US$2.3
Post-War 5.5%
GNP Growth
billion (1970) to US$24.4 billion (1983)
1978-1979 6.1%
Rate
•An estimated 10% of the GNP is being
1979-1980 5.4%
pocketed.
1980-1981 4.9%

14. Buildings:
•Hospitals
•Specialty Hospitals – Philippine Heart Center, Lung Center,
Kidney Institute, Philippine Children Hospital
•Schools
•Power Plants – geothermal plants, hydroelectric plants
•An International Airport
•Housing Projects
•Restorations – Intramuros, Luneta Park, etc…
•Philippine International Convention Center
•Makiling Center for the Arts (National Arts Center)
•Malacañang ti Amianan (Laoag)
•Nayong Pilipino
•Museum for Native Art (Tacloban)
•Palace In the Sky (Tagaytay)
•Government Buildings

15. Bridges:
•San Juanico Bridge (Samar
and Leyte)
Toll-Ways:
•Manila North Diversion
Road
Roads and Highways:
•Marcos Highway (Baguio)
These achievements gave the
Philippines a taste of economic
prosperity throughout the 1970’s

16. It was an open-door policy mainly on trade and cultural
relations
Started trading with countries with Russia and China and
other socialist countries
It was a “cautious open-door policy”
Built up relationships with
countries who were enemies
with the United States
Being the “Iron
Butterfly”, Imelda Marcos, with
her charm, went on foreign trips
to open trade
relationships, exchange culture
and get financial assistance.

17. 1973 Constitution
•Republic Act No. 6132 – “1970 Constitutional
Convention Act
•Presidential Decree No. 73 – date of the
plebiscite
•General Order No. 20 – postponing the plebiscite
•Proclamation No. 1102 – Constitution was ratified
(organized by Marcos through Presidential Decree
No. 86)
Batasang Bayan and the IBP (Interim Batasang
Pambansa
•Presidential Decree No. 995 – created the
Batasang Bayan
Political Achievements

18. 1980 and 1981 Amendments
•1973 Constitution
•Retirement age = 70
•Modified parliamentary system
1984 Amendments
•1973 Constitution
•Abolished Executive Committee
•Vice President
“constitutional authoritarianism” as understood and
practiced in the New Society
Political Achievements

19. Economic Prosperity during the 1970’s and the early
1980’s
Farmers had “price support” and financial support
Self-sufficient in rice exports
“Kilusang Kabuhayan at Kaunlaran”
Overseas Filipino Workers
Development of Infrastructures

20. New Society – Educational
Reforms, Labor Reforms, Land
Reforms Social Services
Housing Projects
Martial Law – maintained peace
and order

21. Although Marcos was branded as
dictator, corrupt, human rights violator by
fictional tales passed on from generation to
generation and his achievements were
Conclusion
expunged subtly by the manipulation of mass
media and vindictiveness of the
administration that succeeded him, the
impacts of his interventions remained and are
undeniably germane part of our country’s
system.

22. Sources
•http://philippines-archipelago.com/history/marcos_regime.html
•http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/2646931/ferdinand_marcos_and_the_martial_law.html
•http://michaelborja.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/more-marcos-accomplishments/
•http://www.philippinecountry.com/philippine_history/marcos_time.html
•Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism by Albert F.
Celoza
•http://www.harpweek.com/09Cartoon/BrowseByDateCartoon.asp?Month=November&Date=18
•http://countrystudies.us/philippines/28.htm
•http://joseangelito-angeles.tripod.com/marcos.htm