2. The International Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) is the main
international convention covering prevention of
pollution of the marine environment by ships from
operational or accidental causes.
The MARPOL Convention was adopted on 2
November 1973 at IMO as modified by the
Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78)
Contains Technical regulations in 6 annexes,
covering different aspects of pollutants in shipping
operations.
3. ANNEX I: REGULATION FOR PREVENTION
OF POLLUTION BY OIL (OCTOBER 1983).
ANNEX II: REGULATIONS FOR CONTROL
OF POLLUTION BY NOXIOUS LIQUID
SUBSTANCE IN BULK (APRIL 1987).
ANNEX III: REGULATION FOR
PREVENTION OF POLLUTION BY
HARMFUL SUBSTANCE CARRIED AT SEA
IN PACKAGED FORM (JULY 1992).
ANNEX IV: REGULATION FOR
PREVENTION OF POLLUTION BY SEWAGE
FROM SHIPS (SEP 2003).
ANNEX V: REGULATION FOR
PREVENTION OF POLLUTION BY
GARBAGE FROM SHIPS (DEC 1998).
ANNEX VI: REGULATION FOR
PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION FROM
SHIPS (MAY 2005).
4. Regulation for prevention of pollution by oil
(October 1983).
This regulation was adopted on 2nd October
1983 to control and prevent any oil discharge
from ship intentionally or accidentally.
It comprises of 11 chapters which together
contains 47 Regulations.
5.
6. Unless expressly provided otherwise, the
provisions of this Annex shall apply to all
ships.
All oil tanker ships of 150GT and above and
every other ship of 400 GT and above they shall
carry onboard a SOPEP and an Oil Record
Book approved by the administration.
7. The plan shall consist at least of:
the procedure to be followed by master or other person having
charge of the ship to report an oil pollution incident;
The list of authorities or persons to be contacted in the event of
an oil pollution;
A detailed description of action to be taken immediately by
persons onboard to reduce or control the discharge of oil
following the incident;
The procedure and point of contact on ship for coordinating
ship board action with national and local authorities in
combating oil pollution;
Oil record book(s)
Part I – Machinery space operations (for all ships)
Part II – Cargo/Ballast operations (for Tankers)
Part III – for Emissions in relation to Annex VI (for all ships, for
some flags like Panama) (not for annex I)
8. A. In special area:
Any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture
from cargo ships of 400GT (other than tanker) and above
Shall be prohibited except when all of the following
conditions are satisfied:
1. The ship is proceeding en route;
2. The oily mixture is processed through an oil filtering
equipment meeting the requirements of regulation 14.7
(approved oil filtering equipment : with alarm and
automatic stopping device) of this annex;
3. The oil content of the effluent without dilution does not
exceed 15ppm;
4. In Antarctic area, any discharge into sea of oil or oily
mixture is prohibited.
9. B. Outside special areas:
Any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture
from ships of 400GT (other than tanker) and above
shall be prohibited except when all of the following
conditions are satisfied:
1. The ship is proceeding en route;
2. The oily mixture is processed through an oil filtering
equipment meeting the requirements of regulation 14
(approved oil filtering equipment) of this annex;
3. The oil content of the effluent without dilution does
not exceed 15ppm;
10. SPECIAL AREAS
Mediterranean Sea area
Baltic Sea area
Black Sea Area
Red Sea area
Gulfs area
Gulf of Aden area
Antarctic area
North West European
Waters
Oman area of the
Arabian Seas
Southern South African
Waters
11. International oil pollution prevention certificate (IOPP)
Oil record book(s) kept for the last three years from last
entry – further reading on proper entries.
Shipboard oil pollution prevention plan (SOPEP)
Certificate on insurance or other financial security in
respect of civil liability for oil pollution damage (for
tankers) (CLC 69, 92)
Certificate on insurance or other financial security in
respect of civil liability for Bunker oil pollution damage
(BUNKER 2001)
Enhanced survey report file (for tankers/bulks)
Record of discharge monitoring and control system for
last ballast voyage (kept for the last three years) (for
tankers)
12. Regulations for the control of pollution by
Noxious Liquid Substance in bulk (April 1987).
This Annex was adopted on 6th of April 1987
which deals with the control and prevent
pollution due to the noxious liquid substance
in bulk, intentionally or accidentally. It
comprises of 10 chapters which together
contains 22 Regulations.
13. It has four categories:
Category X: major hazard to either marine resource or human health
(prohibited to discharge in to the marine environment –from tank cleaning or
de-ballasting operations)
Category Y: a normal hazard to either marine resource or human health
(limitation on the quality and quantity of the discharge in to the marine
environment –from tank cleaning or de-ballasting operations)
Category Z: NLS which present a minor hazard to either marine resource
or human health (less stringent restrictions on the quality and quantity of the
discharge in to the marine environment –from tank cleaning or de-ballasting
operations)
Other substances (OS): which does not fall in the above categories, they at
present, considered to present no harm to either marine resource or human
health ( discharge of them from tank cleaning or de-ballasting operations has
no any restriction from this annex)
14. International pollution prevention certificate for
the carriage of NLS in bulk.
P&A (procedure and arrangement) Manual
Cargo record book (kept 3 years from date of last
entry)
SMPEP (shipboard marine pollution emergency
plan)
Certificate of Fitness
Certificate of insurance or other financial security
in respect of civil liability for pollution damage
other than oil ; CLC –HNS (for chemical tankers)
16. Regulation for prevention of pollution by
harmful substance carried at sea in packaged
form (July 1992).
This Annex deals with those substances which
are hazardous in nature and carried in
packaged cargo.
The identification of such material is provided
in the IMDG Code. The MARPOL Annex III
came into force on 1 July 1992 and comprised
of 2 Chapters containing 11 regulations.
17. The regulation require the issuing of detailed
standards on:
packaging,
marking,
labeling,
documentation,
stowage,
quantity limitation,
exceptions and notifications,
for preventing or minimizing pollution by
harmful substances.
19. Regulation for the prevention of pollution by
sewage from ships (Sep 2003).
Entered into force on 27 September 2003, this
Annex focuses on prevention of sewage pollution
from ships.
Annex IV contains a set of regulations (It has 7
Chapters comprising of 18 Regulations) regarding
the discharge of sewage into the sea from ships,
including regulations regarding the ships'
equipment and systems for the control of sewage
discharge, the provision of port reception facilities
for sewage, and requirements for survey and
certification.
20. The discharge of raw sewage into the sea can
create a health hazard. Sewage can also lead to
oxygen depletion and can be an obvious visual
pollution in coastal areas - a major problem for
countries with tourist industries.
The main sources of human-produced sewage
are land-based - such as municipal sewers or
treatment plants. However, the discharge of
sewage into the sea from ships also contributes
to marine pollution.
21. Every ship ship 400 GT and above and ships
certified to carry 15 persons
The annex requires ships to be equipped with
either an approved STP, or an approved
sewage comminuting and disinfecting system
or a sewage holding tank.
The annex does not include grey water unless
it is mixed with drains as described in the
regulation
22. The discharge of sewage into the sea is prohibited,
except when the ship has in operation:-
an approved sewage treatment plant or when the
ship is discharging comminuted and disinfected
sewage using an approved system at a distance of
more than three nautical miles from the nearest
land.
Sewage which is not comminuted or disinfected
may be discharged at a distance of more than 12
nautical miles from the nearest land when the ship
is en route and proceeding at not less than 4 knots,
and the rate of discharge of untreated sewage shall
be approved by the Administration
25. Regulation for the prevention of pollution by
Garbage from ships (Dec 1998).
This annex deals with the garbage produced onboard
ships and ways to prevent pollution from the same. It
was enforced on 31 December 1988, having 3 Chapters
with 14 Regulations.
Garbage from ships can be just as deadly to marine life
as oil or chemicals. Hence, MARPOL Annex V seeks to
eliminate and reduce the amount of garbage being
discharged into the sea from ships.
Unless expressly provided otherwise, Annex V applies
to all ships, which means all ships of any type
whatsoever operating in the marine environment, from
merchant ships to fixed or floating platforms to non-
commercial ships like pleasure crafts and yachts.
26. Unless expressly provided otherwise, Annex V applies to
all ships, which means all ships of any type whatsoever
operating in the marine environment, from merchant ships
to fixed or floating platforms to non-commercial ships like
pleasure crafts and yachts.
Revised annex entered into force in 1 Jan. 2013
Every ship of 100GT and above, and every ship which is
certified to carry 15 or more persons, shall carry a Garbage
management plan containing procedures on:
1. Garbage minimization
2. Garbage collection
3. Garbage storage
4. Garbage processing
5. Garbage disposal
AND
1. Equipment used onboard for garbage handling
2. Person in charge for implementing the garbage management plan
27. In addition to the above requirements; Every
ship of 400GT and above and every ship which
is certified to carry 15 or more persons engaged
in voyages to ports under the jurisdiction of
another party to the convention should
maintain a Garbage record book in the form
specified in the appendix of the revised annex.
28. Currently 9 garbage categories for the purpose of
record in Garbage management plan:
Category A – Plastic
Category B – Food waste
Category C – Domestic waste (paper, rags, cans, bottles)
Category D – Cooking oil
Category E – Incinerator Ash
Category F – Operational waste
Category G – Cargo residues
Category H – Animal Carcasses
Category I – Fishing Gear
29. Garbage discharge is restricted to:
Food waste
Identified cargo residues
Animal carcasses, and
Identified cleaning agents and additives in wash-water
which are not harmful to marine environment
30. Placard
According to the regulation, Placard also
required for every ship of 12 meters in length or
over and every fixed or floating platform to
display placards notifying passengers and crew
of the disposal requirements of the Annex; these
placards should be written in the working
language of the ship's crew and also in English,
French or Spanish for ships travelling to other
States' ports or offshore terminals.
31.
32. The date, time, position of the ship, description
of the garbage and the estimated amount
incinerated or discharged (in M3) must be
logged and signed.
The Garbage Record Book must be kept for a
period of two years after the date of the last
entry.
33. Shipboard incinerator:
What to incinerate and how to incinerate?
The Standard Specification for Shipboard
Incinerators of the organization (MEPC) covers
the design, manufacture, performance,
operation and testing of incinerators designed
to incinerate garbage and other shipboard
waste.
34. Special areas
Wider Caribbean area
North sea
Baltic sea
Mediterranean sea
Black sea
Red sea
“Gulfs area”
Antarctic area
35. Regulation for prevention of Air pollution
from ships (May 2005).
This MARPOL Annex deals explicitly with
ways to prevent air pollutions from ships. It
came into force on 19th May 2005 having five
chapters with 25 Regulations.
A revised Annex VI with significantly
tightened emissions limits was adopted in
October 2008 which entered into force on 1 July
2010.
36. The main changes to MARPOL Annex VI are a
progressive reduction globally in emissions of
SOx, NOx and PM and the introduction of
emission control areas (ECAs) to reduce emissions
of those air pollutants further in designated sea
areas
37. Certificates and documents, but not limited to:
IAPP Certificate
EIAPP Certificate
IEE Certificate
Certificate of insurance or means other financial liability for pollution
(P&I- Blue card - flag)
ORB (s), SOPEP
Cargo record book ,SMPEP
DG manifest
Garbage management plan, Garbage record Book, Official log book
(<400GT)
Nox Technical file and Nox Technical Record book
SEEMP, Engine log book (and/or noon reports file) for EEOI
Sulphur record book, ODS record book
BDN
MARPOL Fuel oil samples “in-use”, and “on-board”
39. ODS inventory,
ODS record Book (ORB Part III?)
Montreal Convention – BANNED and To be
discontinued ODS
40. Nox : (NO, NO2, other form of oxides of nitrogen)
The main NOx (NO2) is formed in ambient air
trough the oxidation of Nitric oxide (NO). And the
Main source of man-made NOx emissions are
high-temperature combustion processes.
The control of diesel engine Nox emissions is
achieved through the survey and certification
requirements leading to the issue of an EIAPP
certificate and subsequent demonstration of in
service compliance in accordance with the relevant
requirements of the regulation.
41. Three tier:
For installed engines whose power is >130Kw and not used solely for
emergency purposes.
Ships constructed before 2000 and After 1990?
Tier I?, II? or III?
How do they comply? NOx technologies/approved methods? How? Discuss?
42. NOx Technical code – provides ‘mandatory
procedure for testing, survey and certification of
marine diesel engines which will enable engine
manufacturers, ship-owners and administrations
to ensure that applicable diesel engine comply
with the relevant limiting emission values of the
NOx.
NOx Technical book- which is given to the ship
by the engine maker
Nox record book – record kept onboard for parts
replaced as per the list of components described in
the technical book
43. Emission control areas:
Baltic sea ECA
North sea ECA
North America area ECA
United States Caribbean sea ECA
44. SO2 is the main Sulphur oxide gas, it reacts on
the surface of variety of airborne solid particle,
is soluble in water and can be oxidized with
airborne water droplets.
SOx and PM emission controls apply to fuel oil
combustion equipment and all auxiliary
engines together with items such as boilers and
inert gas generators
These controls divide b/n ECA requirements
and outside such areas
45. Primarily achieved by limiting Sulphur (%m/m) in
the fuel. (global limit : 0.5%m/m and ECA limit:
0.1%m/m)
Secondary means of compliance is by washing the
Exhaust gas like in Scrubber approved by the
administration.
Sulphur record book:
Quantities of the ECA compliant fuels onboard together
with the data, time and position of the ship when
completing changeover procedure to and from ECA.
If, no such book prescribed by flag, or in the
absence of any specific requirements in this regard;
the record could be made, for example, in ORB
46. VOC is generated during combustion, and
handling of oil products, whereas the latter is
the most significant emission source related to
shipping.
VOC are organic chemicals that easily vaporize
at room temperature; such as methane.
Only applies to tankers, however, depending
on cargo it may apply to gas carriers.
47. VOC control: with in the regulation there are 2
aspects,
1. By VECS (vapor emission control systems)
2. By having approved and effectively
implemented ship specific VOC management
plan covering at least the point given in the
regulation.
48. Standard specification for shipboard
incinerator
Trainings on correct operation is to be given,
Operating manuals are to be maintained
onboard
Operational Requirements on incinerator
Monitoring of the operation of the incinerator
49. Parties are obliged to provide facilities without
causing delay for:
Reception facility of ODS in ship repair yard
Reception of exhaust gas cleaning system residues
Reception of ODS in ship breaking facilities
If unable to provide reception facilities then
party shall inform IMO.
50. In general this regulation is not directed to
ships, rather the fuel oil suppliers and their
control by appropriate authorities together
with other regulatory aspects.
This should be seen as supportive of regulation
14, of this annex , in respect of those aspects
which are outside the control of the ship
owner.
51. However some regulations have specific ship (for
those that are required to have IAPP certificates)
related actions concerning the ffg.
1. Retention of BDN (for a period not less than 3 years
following the delivery) and
2. The retention, under the ships control, of representative
fuel oil samples (until the fuel is substantially consumed
but not less than 12 months from the date of delivery).
3. Sampling points
4. Approved fuel changeover procedure
Other aspect of regulation 18 which may have an
effect on ship owner is the fuel oil availability
clause ( or FONAR)
52. Enter in to force 1 Jan.2013
400GT and above
The air is the reduction of carbon foot print (CO2
emission) of the shipping industry (For Global
warming).
Update on the requirement of MARPOL annex VI,
The three key requirements of the regulations are:
1. EEDI– by building better ships (consuming less fuel for the same job)
2. SEEMP – plan for continually improving the efficiency (EEOI,EEXI)
3. IEEC – a statutory certificate covering both SEEMP and EEDI
53. Phase 0 - 1 Jan 2013 – 0% (come in to force)
Phase 1 - 1 Jan 2015 – 10% reduction rate
Phase 2 - 1 Jan 2020 – 15-20% reduction rate
Phase 3 - 1 Jan 2025 - 30% reduction rate (which
is moved to 1st April 2022)
Further reading on: www.imo.org/MEPC.
