2. DEFINITION
COMPOSITION
USES
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
Is a radioactive
PROCUREMENT pharmaceutical agent
that is used for
COMPOUNDING
QUALITY
ASSURANCE diagnostic or therapy in
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION
HEALTH & SAFETY
a tracer quantity.
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
3. How is nuclear medicine different from an x-ray,
a CT scan, an ultrasound, or an MRI?
DEFINITION
COMPOSITION
Nuclear medicine can detect
USES the radiation coming from inside a
ADVANTAGES & patient’s body. All of these other
DISADVANTAGES
procedures expose the patient to
PROCUREMENT
radiation from outside the body using
COMPOUNDING
machines that send radiation through
QUALITY the body. As a result, nuclear
ASSURANCE medicine determines the cause of a
DISPENSING & medical problem based on organ
DISTRIBUTION
HEALTH & SAFETY
function in contrast to the other
diagnostic tests, that determine the
AVAILABILITY IN presence of disease based on
THE PHILIPPINES
anatomy or structural appearance.
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
4. DEFINITION
COMPOSITION
USES
•Radioisotope
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
PROCUREMENT
COMPOUNDING •a carrier molecule
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION
HEALTH & SAFETY
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
5. DEFINITION
COMPOSITION
USES
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
PROCUREMENT
COMPOUNDING
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION
HEALTH & SAFETY
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
6. DEFINITION
COMPOSITION • A version of a chemical
USES
ADVANTAGES &
element that has an
DISADVANTAGES unstable nucleus and emits
PROCUREMENT
COMPOUNDING radiation during its decay
QUALITY to a stable form.
ASSURANCE
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION
HEALTH & SAFETY • All isotopes are not
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES radioisotopes.
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
7. DEFINITION
COMPOSITION
USES
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
PROCUREMENT
COMPOUNDING
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION
HEALTH & SAFETY
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
8. DEFINITION
COMPOSITION
USES
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
• therapeutic
PROCUREMENT
COMPOUNDING • diagnosing
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION
HEALTH & SAFETY
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
9. THERAPEUTIC
DEFINITION
Designed to deliver therapeutic
COMPOSITION
dose of ionizing radiation to
USES
specific disease site, such as
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
cancerous tumors, with high
PROCUREMENT specificity in the body.
COMPOUNDING
QUALITY
ASSURANCE Historically, used to treat Thyroid
DISPENSING & cancer, Graves’
DISTRIBUTION disease, hyperthyroidism, and
HEALTH & SAFETY bone pain pallitation associated
AVAILABILITY IN with skeletal metastasis.
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
10. DIAGNOSING
DEFINITION
COMPOSITION used to derive detailed
description of the
USES
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
PROCUREMENT morphology and
COMPOUNDING
dynamic functioning of
QUALITY
ASSURANCE the various internal
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION organs of the body.
HEALTH & SAFETY
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
11. DEFINITION • It can be used as diagnosis and
COMPOSITION treatment of patients
USES
ADVANTAGES & • It is common cure to cancers
DISADVANTAGES
PROCUREMENT
COMPOUNDING • Can treat multiple disease sites.
QUALITY
ASSURANCE • Widely available mode of treatment
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION • Directly treats tumor, especially
HEALTH & SAFETY
useful for bone metastasis
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
12. DEFINITION • Can provide fast onset of pain relief
COMPOSITION
USES • Single dose is effective for some
ADVANTAGES & patients
DISADVANTAGES
PROCUREMENT • Nuclear medicine tests can be
COMPOUNDING performed on children
QUALITY
ASSURANCE • Nuclear medicine procedures are
DISPENSING & cost effective and painless
DISTRIBUTION
HEALTH & SAFETY
• Nuclear medicine procedures have
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
no side effects and are completely
MONITORING safe
PATIENT OUTCOME
13. DEFINITION
COMPOSITION • Can produce some allergic reactions
USES
ADVANTAGES &
• It has a radiation risk
DISADVANTAGES
PROCUREMENT • Myelosuppression may
COMPOUNDING occur, especially with prior
QUALITY chemotherapy
ASSURANCE
DISPENSING & • When multiple fractions are given, it
DISTRIBUTION
may produce prolonged
HEALTH & SAFETY
inconvenience and discomfort for
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES patients
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
14. DEFINITION
COMPOSITION • Nuclear medicine tests are not
USES recommended for pregnant women
ADVANTAGES & because unborn babies have a
DISADVANTAGES
PROCUREMENT
greater sensitivity to radiation than
COMPOUNDING children or adults
QUALITY
ASSURANCE • Filling in patients' teeth, dental
DISPENSING & braces and permanent bridges may
DISTRIBUTION
HEALTH & SAFETY cause some distortion around the
AVAILABILITY IN
mouth area
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
15. DEFINITION
Purchasing radiopharmaceutical involves
COMPOSITION determining product specifications, initiating
USES purchase orders, receiving shipments, maintaining
inventory and storing materials under proper
ADVANTAGES &
conditions.
DISADVANTAGES
PROCUREMENT
Since, some radiopharmaceutical poses a
COMPOUNDING
short half-life. Typically, the nuclear pharmacist
QUALITY
would order the drug directly from the
ASSURANCE manufacturer primarily by overnight delivery
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION Storage of radioactive materials must
HEALTH & SAFETY incorporate appropriate radiation shielding in
AVAILABILITY IN addition to traditional requirements for
THE PHILIPPINES light, temperature, and humidity.
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
16. DEFINITION Compounding of radiopharmceuticals
COMPOSITION requires receipt (or anticipation) of:
USES
• a valid prescription/drug order
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES • appropriate components, supplies, and equipment
PROCUREMENT • a suitable environment, especially for sterile dosage
COMPOUNDING forms
QUALITY • appropriate recordkeeping, including witten
ASSURANCE procedures and lot-specific in formation to ensure
DISPENSING & traceability;
DISTRIBUTION • Validation/verification of the compounding
HEALTH & SAFETY procedure, storage conditions, and expiration
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
17. DEFINITION Involves reconstituting reagent kits, radiolabelling,
and strict aseptic technique must be followed
COMPOSITION during compounding.
USES
ADVANTAGES & A kit involves pre-packed set of sterile ingredients.
DISADVANTAGES
PROCUREMENT
The freeze-dried kit is reconstituted by aseptically
COMPOUNDING transferring the necessary activity of sodium
pertechnetate using a sterile syringe and needle.
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
DISPENSING & The reconstituted kit is aseptically subdivided to
provide each patient dose with a sufficient activity
DISTRIBUTION
after administration.
HEALTH & SAFETY
AVAILABILITY IN A diluent may be added to the final dose to give
THE PHILIPPINES the desired radioactive concentration.
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
18. DEFINITION
COMPOSITION
USES
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
PROCUREMENT
COMPOUNDING
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION
HEALTH & SAFETY
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
19. DEFINITION
DEFINITION Radiopharmaceuticals are generally
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION expected to conform to specifications
USES
USES under the following heading:
ADVANTAGES &
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES a. Radionuclide f. Absence of foreign
PROCUREMENT
PROCUREMENT
concentration particulate matter
COMPOUNDING
COMPOUNDING
b. Radiochemical g. Particle size (if
QUALITY
QUALITY purity appropriate)
ASSURANCE
ASSURANCE
DISPENSING &
DISPENSING & c. Chemical h. pH
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION purity i. Biological
HEALTH & SAFETY
HEALTH & SAFETY
d. Sterility distribution
AVAILABILITY IN
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
THE PHILIPPINES
e. Apyrogenicity
MONITORING
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
PATIENT OUTCOME
20. DEFINITION Dispensing
COMPOSITION
USES
ADVANTAGES &
Recommends dosage levels based
DISADVANTAGES on patient history, age, weight,
PROCUREMENT surface area, and/or other factors
COMPOUNDING
QUALITY
ASSURANCE Dispenses prescriptions in
DISPENSING & conjunction with applicable
DISTRIBUTION
HEALTH & SAFETY pharmacy law and keeps
AVAILABILITY IN
appropriate records
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
21. DEFINITION Dispensing
COMPOSITION
USES Develops policies and procedures to
ADVANTAGES & ensure that the correct drug in the correct
DISADVANTAGES
dosage and dosage form is received by
PROCUREMENT
the correct patient at the correct time via
COMPOUNDING
the correct route of administration
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
DISPENSING & Develops policies and procedures,
DISTRIBUTION supervises, and reviews the activities of
HEALTH & SAFETY non-pharmacist personnel under the
AVAILABILITY IN pharmacist's supervision
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
22. DEFINITION Distribution
COMPOSITION
USES Complies with all applicable regulations
ADVANTAGES & concerning packaging, labeling, and
DISADVANTAGES transportation of radioactive and other
PROCUREMENT materials (e.g., biohazards),
COMPOUNDING demonstrating knowledge of:
QUALITY
ASSURANCE DOT regulations concerning packaging,
DISPENSING & labeling, and transportation of
DISTRIBUTION radioactive and other materials.
HEALTH & SAFETY
AVAILABILITY IN Proper procedures and use of
THE PHILIPPINES equipment necessary to verify that
MONITORING package meet DOT requirements.
PATIENT OUTCOME
23. DEFINITION
DEFINITION Allergies
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION
USES
USES If you will be receiving albumin in the
ADVANTAGES &
ADVANTAGES & form of radioiodinated albumin, technetium
DISADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Tc 99m albumin aggregated, technetium Tc
PROCUREMENT
PROCUREMENT
99m albumin colloid, or technetium Tc 99m
COMPOUNDING
COMPOUNDING
albumin for your test, tell your doctor if you
QUALITY
QUALITY have ever had any unusual or allergic
ASSURANCE
ASSURANCE
reaction to products containing
DISPENSING &
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION human serum albumin.
HEALTH & SAFETY
HEALTH & SAFETY
AVAILABILITY IN
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
PATIENT OUTCOME
24. DEFINITION Pregnancy
COMPOSITION Radiopharmaceuticals usually are not
USES
recommended for use during pregnancy. This
ADVANTAGES & is to avoid exposing the fetus to radiation.
DISADVANTAGES
PROCUREMENT
COMPOUNDING This is especially important with
QUALITY
radiopharmaceuticals that contain
ASSURANCE radioactive iodine, which can go to the
DISPENSING & baby's thyroid gland and, in high enough
DISTRIBUTION amounts, may cause thyroid damage.
HEALTH & SAFETY
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
25. DEFINITION
DEFINITION Breast-feeding
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION
USES
USES Some radiopharmaceuticals pass
ADVANTAGES &
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
into the breast milk and may expose
PROCUREMENT
PROCUREMENT the baby to radiation. If you must
COMPOUNDING
COMPOUNDING receive a radiopharmaceutical, it may
QUALITY
QUALITY be necessary for you to stop breast-
ASSURANCE
ASSURANCE feeding for some time after receiving it.
DISPENSING &
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
HEALTH & SAFETY
HEALTH & SAFETY
AVAILABILITY IN
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
PATIENT OUTCOME
26. DEFINITION
DEFINITION Children
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION
USES
USES
ADVANTAGES &
ADVANTAGES &
For most radiopharmaceuticals,
DISADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES the amount of radiation used for a
PROCUREMENT
PROCUREMENT diagnostic test is very low and
COMPOUNDING
COMPOUNDING
considered safe.
QUALITY
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
ASSURANCE
DISPENSING &
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
HEALTH & SAFETY
HEALTH & SAFETY
AVAILABILITY IN
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
PATIENT OUTCOME
27. DEFINITION
DEFINITION
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION
USES
USES
ADVANTAGES &
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
PROCUREMENT
PROCUREMENT
COMPOUNDING
COMPOUNDING
QUALITY
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
ASSURANCE
DISPENSING &
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
HEALTH & SAFETY
HEALTH & SAFETY
AVAILABILITY IN
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
PATIENT OUTCOME
28. DEFINITION Side effects
COMPOSITION
USES
ADVANTAGES &
When radiopharmaceuticals are
DISADVANTAGES used in very small doses to study an
PROCUREMENT organ of the body, side effects are rare
COMPOUNDING
and usually involve an allergic
QUALITY reaction. These effects may occur
ASSURANCE
DISPENSING &
almost immediately or a few minutes
DISTRIBUTION after the radiopharmaceutical is given.
HEALTH & SAFETY
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
29. DEFINITION Are radiopharmaceuticals safe?
COMPOSITION
USES Absolutely. Like any medicine, with
ADVANTAGES & great care. Before they or tested carefully.
DISADVANTAGES
PROCUREMENT The quantity of the pharmaceutical
COMPOUNDING part of the radiopharmaceutical is very
small, generally 1/10th of a millionth of
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
an ounce. The risk of a reaction is 2-3
DISPENSING & incidents per 100,000 injections, over 50%
DISTRIBUTION of which are rashes, as compared to
HEALTH &SAFETY
HEALTH SAFETY 2000-3000 per 100,000 injections of x-ray
AVAIILABILITY IN
AVAILABILITY IN contrast media.
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
30. DEFINITION
DEFINITION
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION Is the radioactivity harmful?
USES
USES
ADVANTAGES &
ADVANTAGES & Although exposure to radioactivity in
DISADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES very large doses can be harmful, the
PROCUREMENT
PROCUREMENT radioactivity in radiopharmaceuticals
COMPOUNDING
COMPOUNDING is carefully selected by the nuclear
QUALITY
QUALITY medicine physician to be safe .
ASSURANCE
ASSURANCE
DISPENSING &
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
HEALTH SAFETY
HEALTH & SAFETY
AVAIILABILITY IN
AVAILABILITY
THE PHILIPPINES
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
PATIENT OUTCOME
32. DEFINITION
DEFINITION
COMPOSITION
USES
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
PROCUREMENT
COMPOUNDING
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION
HEALTH & SAFETY
AVAILABILITY IN
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
PATIENT OUTCOME
33. DEFINITION
DEFINITION Radioactive Iodine Therapy
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION
USES
USES
ADVANTAGES &
ADVANTAGES & 1. Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s Disease,
DISADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES solitary autonomous nodule)
PROCUREMENT
PROCUREMENT
COMPOUNDING
COMPOUNDING 2. Ablation of thyroid remnants after
QUALITY
QUALITY thyroidectomy
ASSURANCE
ASSURANCE
DISPENSING &
DISPENSING & 3. Treatment of metastatic Thyroid
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
HEALTH & SAFETY
HEALTH & SAFETY
Carcinoma
AVAILABILITY IN
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
PATIENT OUTCOME
34. DEFINITION Imaging
COMPOSITION 1. Detection of G.I Bleeding
USES
2. Hepatobiliary Imaging
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES 3. I-131 Whole Body Scintigraphy
PROCUREMENT 4. Kidney Investigation
COMPOUNDING 5. Liver and Spleen Scintigraphy
QUALITY 6. Lung Perfusion Scintigraphy
ASSURANCE
7. Lung Ventilation Scintigraphy
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION 8. Meckel’s Diverticulum Scintigraphy
HEALTH &SAFETY
HEALTH SAFETY 9. Myocardial Perfusion Imaging- Tc99m
AVAILABILITY IN Sestamibi, Thelium201
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
10. Parathyroid Imaging
PATIENT OUTCOME
35. DEFINITION
COMPOSITION
USES
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
PROCUREMENT
COMPOUNDING
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION
HEALTH &SAFETY
HEALTH SAFETY
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
36. DEFINITION Urea Breath Test
COMPOSITION UBT is currently considered to be the gold
USES standard for non-invasive diagnosis of H.pylori. It is
ADVANTAGES &
highly reliable- 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity,
DISADVANTAGES for pre- and post-
PROCUREMENT treatment follow up of infection.
COMPOUNDING Clinical Applications:
Cardiology
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
Endocrinology
DISPENSING & Gastroenterology
DISTRIBUTION Infection
HEALTH &SAFETY
HEALTH SAFETY Nephrology
AVAILABILITY IN Oncology
THE PHILIPPINES Pulmonary
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
37. DEFINITION
DEFINITION
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION
USES
USES
ADVANTAGES &
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
PROCUREMENT
PROCUREMENT
COMPOUNDING
COMPOUNDING
QUALITY
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
ASSURANCE
DISPENSING &
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
HEALTH SAFETY
HEALTH & SAFETY
AVAILABILITY IN
AVAILABILITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
PATIENT OUTCOME
38. DEFINITION
DEFINITION Develop institutional standards for the rational and
appropriate use of radiopharmaceuticals.
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION
USES
USES Prospectively screens and review patients data to assure
appropriate use of radiopharmaceuticals and ancillary
ADVANTAGES &
ADVANTAGES & medicines used to enhanced their effect.
DISADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
PROCUREMENT Ensure the patients are selected appropriately for
PROCUREMENT
radionuclied therapy and monitored after therapy to prevent
COMPOUNDING
COMPOUNDING compilation and/or intervene with necessary therapy.
QUALITY
QUALITY Evaluate the safety and effectiveness of
ASSURANCE
ASSURANCE radiopharmaceuticals and ancillary medications.
DISPENSING &
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION Ensure proper preparation of patients prior to the
administration of radiopharmaceuticals and ancillary
HEALTH & SAFETY
HEALTH SAFETY medication.
AVAIILABILITY IN
AVAILABILITY
THE PHILIPPINES
THE PHILIPPINES Prevent minimize and or rectify clinical problems associated
MONITORING
MONITORING with the use of radiopharmaceuticals or interventional
PATIENT OUTCOME
PATIENT OUTCOME medications.
39. Do I need to do anything special after I have
a nuclear medicine procedure?
DEFINITION
DEFINITION
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION After most nuclear medicine
USES
USES
procedures it is generally best to drink
ADVANTAGES &
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES a lot of fluids and urinate as frequently
PROCUREMENT
PROCUREMENT as you can. This helps to flush the
COMPOUNDING
COMPOUNDING remaining radioactivity out of your
QUALITY
QUALITY body. The length of time you need to
ASSURANCE
ASSURANCE
DISPENSING &
do this will depend on the kind of study
DISPENSING &
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION you had and the type of
HEALTH & SAFETY
HEALTH SAFETY radiopharmaceutical that was used.
AVAIILABILITY IN
AVAILABILITY
THE PHILIPPINES
THE PHILIPPINES
MONITORING
MONITORING
PATIENT OUTCOME
PATIENT OUTCOME
40. Group 3
Bautista, Christine Hazel A.
Carait, Marielle jean R.
BSP 2L 2011-2012
Esmaeli, Fereshteh
Gaviola, Lester T
Lopez, Janmaru M.
Mendoza, Liberty M.
Prestoza, Angelee P.
Rubio, Patricia Elace Ann M.
Rustila, Richel C.
Serafico, Marie Cellcatherine A.
Tambaoan, Glorialyn C.
Valencia, Ma. Antonette C.
Yu, Ken Adonis S.
Mr. Bryan de Padua
Instructor
Notes de l'éditeur
Nuclear medicine is a branch of medical imaging that uses small amounts of radioactive material to diagnose and determine the severity of or treat a variety of diseases,
One nuclear medicine procedure, called a PET (positron emission tomography) scan, precisely localizes many types of diseases in the body just by determining how the disease uses sugar. No other imaging method has the ability to use our body’sown functions to determine disease status.The main difference between nuclear imaging and other imaging systems is that, in nuclear imaging, the source of the emitted radiation is within the body. Nuclear imaging shows the position and concentration of the radioisotope. If very little of the radioisotope has been taken up a ‘cold spot’ will show on the screen indicating, perhaps, that blood is not getting through. A ‘hot spot’ on the other hand may indicate excess radioactivity uptake in the tissue or organ that may be due to a diseased state, such as an infection or cancer. Both bone and soft tissue can be imaged successfully with this system.
a radioactive isotope that can be injected safely into the body, and a carrier molecule which delivers the isotope to the area to be treated or examined.
Widely available mode of treatmentThey can be given by injection, inhalation or orally.)
The Gamma Counter LG-4 is designed for radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) in medium size laboratories employing isotope 125I. The counter is an easy to operate instrument with no moving mechanical components enlarging his operation reliability.