question paper

2. Q and A
Discussion

3. Describe the pathophysiology of heart failure. Write a note on
management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Q 1.

9. Candesartan has a
moderate impact in
preventing
admissions for CHF
among patients who
have heart failure
and LVEF higher
than 40%.
Improved
symptoms and
exercise capacity
and fewer
hospitalizations for
heart failure in the
first year
Irbesartan did not
improve the
outcomes of
patients with heart
failure and a
preserved left
ventricular ejection
fraction
Treatment with
spironolactone did
not significantly
reduce the
incidence of the
primary composite
outcome of death
from cardiovascular
causes, aborted
cardiac arrest, or
hospitalization for
the management of
heart failure.
Did not result in a
significantly lower
rate of total
hospitalizations for
heart failure and
death from
cardiovascular
causes among
patients with heart
failure and an
ejection fraction of
45% or higher
Empagliflozin
reduced the
combined risk of
cardiovascular
death or
hospitalization for
heart failure in
patients with heart
failure and a
preserved ejection
fraction, regardless
of the presence or
absence of diabetes.
Dapagliflozin
reduced the
combined risk of
worsening heart
failure or
cardiovascular
death among
patients with heart
failure and a mildly
reduced or
preserved ejection
fraction.

10. Q2.
Evaluation and management of atrial fibrillation in a
75 year old female.