4. FFiilliippiinnoo IInnddeeppeennddeennccee??
Philippines purchased from
Spain for $20 million as
part of Treaty of Paris
EEmmiilliioo AAgguuiinnaallddoo
WWiilllliiaamm HHoowwaarrdd TTaafftt
FFiirrsstt GGoovveerrnnoorr--GGeenneerraall ooff tthhee PPhhiilliippppiinneess
6. TThhee PPhhiilliippppiinnee--AAmmeerriiccaann WWaarr
11889999 -- 11990022
• U.S. refuses to recognize
Filipino independence.
• War Estimates
– Filipino Forces = 100,000
men
– U.S. Forces = 74,000 men
• Filipino Goal
– Inflict constant casualties
on U.S. troops
– U.S. people elect anti-
Imperialist William
Jennings Bryan over
Imperialist William
McKinley in 1900.
TThhee OOrreeggoonn VVoolluunntteeeerr
IInnffaannttrryy iinn 11889999
7. GGuueerrrriillllaa WWaarr PPhhaassee 11990000--
11990022
• Low on ammunition, Aguinaldo abandons
conventional warfare.
• American tactics
– Take no prisoners
– Burning villages
– Concentration Camps
FFiilliippiinnoo ddeeaadd iinn
tthheeiirr ttrreenncchh
8. TThhee WWaatteerr CCuurree
AA ppiiccttuurree ooff aa ““wwaatteerr ddeettaaiill,,”” rreeppoorrtteeddllyy
ttaakkeenn iinn MMaayy,, 11990011,, iinn SSuuaall,, tthhee PPhhiilliippppiinneess.
““IItt iiss aa tteerrrriibbllee ttoorrttuurree,,”” oonnee ssoollddiieerr wwrroottee.
9. TThhee AAnnttii--WWaarr PPrrootteessttoorrss
In 1899, the Anti-Imperialist League is
Founded.
MMeemmbbeerrss iinncclluuddee WWiilllliiaamm JJeennnniinnggss BBrryyaann,, MMaarrkk TTwwaaiinn,, aanndd
AAnnddrreeww CCaarrnneeggiiee..
10. AAgguuiinnaallddoo iiss CCaappttuurreedd
April 1, 1901 – Aguinaldo
swears an oath of
loyalty to the United
States.
““LLeett tthhee ssttrreeaamm ooff bblloooodd cceeaassee ttoo ffllooww;;
lleett tthheerree bbee aann eenndd ttoo tteeaarrss aanndd
ddeessoollaattiioonn..””
Fighting continues until Filipino General
Miguel Malvar for one more year.
11. FFiigghhttiinngg aann IInnssuurrggeennccyy
11990022 -- 11991133
Moro Indians (Muslim
Filipinos) continue
to fight for
approximately 10
more years
American generals
use Muslim religious
beliefs to their
advantage
AA FFiilliippiinnoo BBoolloo
KKnniiffee
13. LLeeggaaccyy ooff tthhee PPhhiilliippppiinnee--
AAmmeerriiccaann WWaarr
• Deaths
– U.S. = 4,326 soldiers (mostly from
disease)
– Filipinos(?) = 34,000 soldiers; 200,000
civilians
– Moro Indians (?) = 10,000 to 20,000 men
• Philippines will remain an important
naval base for U.S. through World War
II
• Philippines will gain independence on
July 4, 1946.
14. IIrraaqq WWaarr DDeebbaattee
• Question: Is the U.S. following a policy
of American imperialism in Iraq today?
– Decide on a group
– List your arguments
• Remember – the better the evidence, the
better the argument
During his court-martial, Waller testified that he had been under orders from the volatile, aging Brigadier General Jacob Smith (“Hell-Roaring Jake,” to his comrades) to transform the island into a “howling wilderness,” to “kill and burn” to the greatest degree possible—“The more you kill and burn, the better it will please me”—and to shoot anyone “capable of bearing arms.”
According to Waller, when he asked Smith what this last stipulation meant in practical terms, Smith had clarified that he thought that ten-year-old Filipino boys were capable of bearing arms. (In light of those orders, Waller was acquitted.)
In a clearly racist way, a number of Buffalo Soldiers switch sides.
“Now, this is the way we give them the water cure,” he explained. “Lay them on their backs, a man standing on each hand and each foot, then put a round stick in the mouth and pour a pail of water in the mouth and nose, and if they don’t give up pour in another pail. They swell up like toads. I’ll tell you it is a terrible torture.”
