2. Human beings communicate in many ways
other than words.
Words often fail to convey the exact meaning.
Therefore, pictures ,drawings, sounds , are
often used to convey messages.
All these means used in communication are
known as non-verbal communication.
3. Communication without using words is called
non-verbal communication.
It is the most basic form of communication,
includes all the clues, gestures, facial
expressions, signs and symbols that enable
people to communicate without words.
4. Non-verbal methods may be visual or
auditory(aural).
Signs, pictures, color etc are visuals;
Bells, horns, whistles are auditory.
5. For traffic signs and signals, non-verbal is
absolutely necessary. It is the green or red color
or pictorial presentation that tells the driver of
the safety.
6. Every human being normally respond quickly to
colors, pictures or sounds than to any language.
For ex: the news on the T.V is more interesting and
more effective on the radio.
The only method to convey important information
to the illiterate people is through non-verbal
symbols.
7. Electric poles are marked with a skull and cross
bones as caution.
These types of symbols are used to convey messages
to those people who may not easily follow oral
explanations.
8. Kinesics or body language
Paralanguage
Proxemics or space language
Chronemics or time language
9. Human body and its various parts play an
important role in communication.
The study of message conveyed by body
movements is known as body language or
kinesics.
10. Body movements, gestures etc are important for
communication, they are being systematically
studied as sub-area of non-verbal communication. It
has been termed as kinesics which means body
movements.
We can communicate or send the message by
nodding the head, blinking our eyes, shrugging our
shoulders or waving our hands.
11. (1) Head –There is an old saying ‘hold your head
high’. It is a sign of honour ,self respect, and
self confidence. A head bent low, on the other
hand shows modesty, politeness and guilt.
(2) Face –face has been called the mirror of the
mind because whatever a person feels deep
inside is reflected on his face.
(3) Eyes – eyes communicate our deepest feelings.
12. (4) Gestures – gestures refer to the movements of
our arms, legs, hands, etc.
(5) Body shape and posture- standing or sitting
erect, leaning forward or backward, all convey
meanings.
14. Face is the index of mind, it reflects what is
going on inside the speaker.
The facial expressions are associated with
happiness, surprise, fear, anger and sadness.
The facial expressions like a smile, a frown, the
raising of eyebrows or tightening of jaw
muscles convey a lot in communication.
15. The Face
♦ Since face cannot be easily hidden, it is
an important source of nonverbal
information and communicates a variety of
emotions.
♦In addition, eye contact, pupil size, and
smile provide additional cues to inform
observers.
16. Face is the most expressive part of our
body.
A smile stands for friendliness, a frown for
discontent, raised eyebrows for disbelief,
tightened jaw muscles for antagonism.
17. People see you before they hear you.
Personal appearance means external appearance in
which our dress, jewellery, and make up play a
pivotal role.
One’s appearance may turn the audience resistant or
hostile, inquisitive or indifferent, sleepy or active or
receptive or participating in communication.
18. The audience judge us initially from our personal
appearance-our physique, attractiveness, hair style
etc.
Our dress should suit the occasion.
We should be neat and clean if not attractive.
19. The actual physical appearance also depends on
certain qualities like self- confidence and self-
awareness.
A person well dressed up (suit, tie and polished
shoes) conveys that he believes in formal or well
structured programs.
Loose or casual dressing of a person conveys that he
is quite informal or careless to many things.
20. Posture refers to the way one stands, sits and walks.
In face to face communication, or meeting or interview
the way we hold our head is very important.
A head bend low, depending upon the situation would
show modesty, politeness or diffidence.
21. The walking posture may convey how much confident
or diffident or energetic or withdrawn a speaker is.
With the right posture we can impress the interviewer
and the audience.
A person with good and appealing body shape but with
bad postures and unfavorable image will
communicate a negative image.
22. Being comfortably upright, squarely facing an
audience, and evenly distributing your weight are all
aspects of posture that communicate professionalism,
confidence, attention to detail.
Bobbing the shoulders, fidgeting with notes, jingling
coins create bad impression.
23. Slumped posture –low spirits
Erect posture—high spirits, energy and
confidence
Lean forward—open, honest and interested
Lean backward—defensive or disinterested
Crossed arms– defensive and not ready to
listen
Uncrossed arms—willingness to listen
24. Gesture is movement of the hand, head, body etc to
express an idea, feeling, emotion etc.
They should be co-ordinated with proper intensity of
speech.
Keep positive gestures, it indicates positive
personality.
Adroit gestures can add to the impact of a speech.
25. Ungainly gestures (like playing with your key chain,
or button) can mar the effectiveness of the message.
Gestures should not divert the attention of the
listener and distract from your message.
26. Enumerative-- Numbers
Descriptive—Size of the objects
Symbolic—Abstract concepts
Locative—location of an object
Emphatic--Emphasis
27. Eye contact is a direct powerful form of non-verbal
communication.
Eyes to cull information
Prolonging the eye contact for 3-5 seconds tells the
audience that you are sincere in what you say and
that you want them to pay attention.
Eye contact is specially important when you start the
presentation.
28. Do not look outside the window, towards the roof or
the floor, or at one particular section.
Establish eye contact with one and all.
Avoidance of eye contact displays one’s dishonesty,
uneasiness and lack of confidence.
It helps in taking feedback.
29. Proxemics or Space Language refers to the study
of how we use space to communicate message.
It refers to the space between 2 persons engaged
in the act of communication.
Proxemics is personal space language just as
kinesics is body language.
30. When you have plenty of space to
manoeuvre, move more boldly and expand
your gestures.
When seated at a table use milder
gestures.
31. 1.intimate-physical contact to 18 inches.
2.personal-18 inches to 4 feet.
3.social-4 to 12 feet.
4.public-12 feet to as far as one can see or hear
32. This zone starts with personal touch and extends
just to 18 inches.
Family members, lovers, spouses, relatives, friends
fall under this category.
The best relationship is mother- child relationship.
Other individuals come close for a brief period of
time and only under special circumstances
33. When they want to congratulate you,
sympathesize with you or console you.
Hand shake, pat on the back, or a hug
34. This zone stretches from 18 inches to 4 feet.
Colleagues, close friends, peers fall in this tier.
Instead of whispering or utter silence, normal talking
takes place.
35. Social event takes place in this radius of 4 feet-12 feet.
Relationships are official.
This space is mostly used for formal purposes.
Here the number of people decide whether it should
be sitting-sitting or sitting-standing position.
36. If the number of people is less and you can
maintain eye contact, you could go for a
sitting position.
If you have to be authoritative and the
audience is large, you can go for the
standing position.
37. This zone starts from 12 feet and may extend to 30
feet or to the range of eye sight and hearing.
Here the degree of detachment is very high.
The audience is free to do whatever it feels.
Public figures have to maintain this distance for
security reasons.
38. It is non-verbal because it does not involve use
of words. But it is like verbal communication
because it is related to the way words are
spoken.
Para means ‘like’ hence paralanguage literally
means like language.
Sounds are the basis of paralanguage
39. Paralanguage includes
tone of voice
Power or emphasis
Pitch
Rhythm
Volume
Pause
Speed in delivery
Loudness or softness
40. 1.Voice – voice can be clear or unclear, pleasant or
unpleasant, cultivated or musical and so on. It tells
us many things like-sex, background, education,
temperament.
The more clearer the voice the more effective it conveys
the message or meaning.
42. Quality of one’s voice may be rich, soft and
alluring, thin and nasal, hoarse and husky or
harsh and irritating.
It can not be changed but can be trained for
optimum impact.
43. Volume is the loudness or the softness.
If your volume is too high you may sound boorish
(ill-mannered).
If your volume is too low you may convey an
impression of timidity; which has no place in
business world.
It gives the impression that you lack confidence to
express yourself.
Make your voice audible and clear.
44. Number of words which you speak per minute.
The normal rate is 120-150 words.
Slow and monotonous speaker is considered to
be a dull speaker.
A fast speaker also causes discomfort because
the listeners don’t get time to grasp the
thoughts .
45. Pitch refers to the number of variations per
second of your voice.
The rise and fall of the voice conveys various
emotions.
Inflections give warmth, lusture , vitality and
exuberance (enthusiasm).
Lowness indicate sadness, shock, dullness,
guilt.
46. Avoid raising the pitch of your voice as
you end a sentence.
Use a variety of pitch to hold your
listener’s attention.
It makes your remarks sound tentative or
unfinished.
47. Speakers should be careful not to slop, slur, chop,
omit sounds between words or sentences.
Utter the sounds properly, otherwise it deters the
listeners from grasping the meaning of the message.
Speak distinctly without causing any obfuscation
(confusion).
Produce the sounds in crisp and lucid (clear) manner.
48. Pronunciation requires us to speak sounds in a
way that is generally accepted.
Don’t be taken by the fancy that you know the
correct pronunciation of all the words.
Whenever there is confusion always consult a
good dictionary.
49. It will be better understood-
I do not know and I want to go than I
dunno and I wanna go.
51. Flexibility and vitality to your voice.
Word stress and sentence stress play an
important role in voice modulation.
If your voice is flat, you emerge as a languid
(lacking spirit ) speaker with no command over
your voice.
52. A pause helps you to glide from one thought to
another.
Do not prolong the pauses as they will hinder
the flow of your speech.
Vocalized pauses or vocal segregates like uh,
ah hm, ahem, a, aah, should be substituted by
silent pauses.
53. Vocalized pauses make the speech sound
evasive (vague) and untruthful.
Repetitive phrases like-I mean, well, ok,
got it, actually etc sweep away the good
impression.
Thoughtfully use the pauses and time them
as they exhibit confidence and self control.
Use pauses at the end of certain thought
units to let the audience fully absorb the
information.
54. There is a saying" Time is money”. Under time
language we send out signals indicating the
importance of time to us.
Time management has become a very important
part of business management.
When you are late people react negatively.
55. If you arrive early you are considered either over
eager or aggressive.
Completion of task within a specific time span
recommended, communicates sincerity, hard work,
loyalty and reliability.
Frequent late coming and absenteeism may
communicate unreliability, laziness and
disinterestedness of the person.
56. We must reach for presentation at right
time.
We have to respect the limit of time
allowed for the presentation.
The speaker should not encroach upon the
time for questions too.
Rehearsals can help us in management of
time.
58. Drum beating is to make important
announcements and to tell people to assemble
at a specified place. Several types of alarm
signals are used to caution people.
Fire alarm, accident alarm, VIP motorcade alarm
etc. A clock alarm is used to make us aware of
our time.
59. 1.Very fast- sound signals convey the message
very quickly.
2.Managing time- sound signals are very useful
for managing time.
3.Helps in smooth working-the working of an
organization can be streamlined with the help
of buzzers and such other sounds signals.
60. Visual signals such as pictures, posters,
drawings, cartoons, photographs, etc are used
to convey messages for general information
and education.
Traffic lights and lights at railway stations and
airports convey relevant information to people.
61. 1.Easy-visuals signals like pictures and posters
convey the message very easily and
economically.
2.Intresting and motivating-colourful photograph
and paintings make communication interesting
and motivating.
62. 3.Educating people-posters and paintings are
useful for informing and educating people.
4.Advertising –posters are an effective means of
advertising.
