FLOORING

CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 FLOORING MATERIAL
 FLOORING TYPES
 PROCESS OF FLOORING
 SELECTION OF FLOORING MATERIAL
 FLOORING TOOLS
 ISSUES WITH FLOORING

INTRODUCTION
 Flooring is the general term for a
permanent covering of floor, or for the work
of installing a floor covering.
 Floor covering is a term to generically
describe any finish material applied over a
floor structure to provide a walking surface.
 Materials almost always classified as floor
covering include carpet, area rugs, and
resilient flooring such
as linoleum or vinyl flooring.
 Materials commonly called flooring
include wood flooring, ceramic
tile, stone, terrazzo, and various seamless

FLOORING MATERIALS
 The choice of material for floor covering
is affected by factors such as cost,
endurance, noise insulation, comfort and
cleaning effort.
 Some types of flooring must not be
installed below grade (lower than ground
level), and laminate or hardwood should
be avoided where there may be moisture
or condensation.
 The sub-floor may be finished in a way
that makes it usable without any extra
work.

FLOORING TYPES FLOORING MATERIAL
 Hard flooring
 Wood
 Stone
 Tile
 Soft flooring
 Carpet
 Rugs
 resilient
 Soft coverings
 Wood flooring
 Resilient flooring
 Hard flooring
 Seamless chemical
flooring

PROCESS OF FLOORING
 Surface preparation is a critical step to ensure proper
installation of your NATURE STONE floor — and we’ll take
care of it for you. We will remove dirt, oils, grease, paint,
tiles and carpet from your concrete floor prior to installing
your new NATURE STONE floor covering.
 If your existing concrete floor has cracks and unevenness,
we resin weld affected areas to reinforce and correct the
gaps to assure a beautiful, even NATURE STONE floor
covering.
 After completing the preparation work, mixers on our
trucks blend the special epoxy and stones, which our
installers then trowel by hand over the existing concrete
floor to ensure quality control and a uniform appearance.
 The result: beautiful, long-lasting NATURE STONE flooring
for garage, basement, outdoor and commercial

SELCTION OF FLOORING MATERIAL
depends upon below factors:
• Initial Cost
• Appearance
• Cleanliness
• Durability
• Damp Resistance
• Sound Insulation
• Thermal Insulation
• Fire Resistance
• Smoothness
• Hardness
• Maintenance

SOFT COVERING
• Carpet is a floor covering
woven or felted from
natural or man-made
fibre.
• Fitted carpet is attached
to the floor structure,
extends wall-to-wall, and
cannot be moved from
place to place.
• Rugs are smaller than the
room in which they are
located and are generally
placed over the wood
flooring.
• They may be attached to
the flooring below by
adhesive or other
methods.

WOOD FLOORING
• Many different species of
wood are fabricated
into wood flooring in two
primary forms: plank
and parquet.
• Hardwoods are typically
much more durable
than softwoods.
• Laminate is a floor covering
that appears similar to
hardwood but is made with a
plywood or medium density
fibreboard ("MDF") core with
a plastic laminate top layer.
• Bamboo flooring is a floor
manufactured from the
bamboo plant and is a type of
hardwood flooring, though
technically not a wood.

HARD WOOD FLOORING

RESILIENT FLOORING
 Resilient flooring is
made of material that
has some elasticity.
 It includes many
different
manufactured
products
including linoleum,
sheet vinyl, vinyl
composition tile
(VCT), cork (sheet or
tile), rubber, and
others.

GLAZED TILES
 New technologies
are emerging since
2004 to produce hard
floorings having the
ability to light up
when needed these
tiles are called Glazed
tiles.

TILES FLOORING

HARD FLOORING
 Ceramic tile includes a
wide variety of clay
products fired into thin
units which are set in
beds
of mortar or mastic with
the joints between tiles
grouted.
 Varieties include quarry
tile, porcelain tile ,
terracotta tile, and
others.

SEAMLESS CHEMICAL FLOORING
 Many different
seamless flooring
materials are available.
These are usually
latex, polyester, urethan
e or epoxy compounds
which are applied in
liquid form to provide a
completely seamless
floor covering.
 These are usually found
in wet areas such as
laboratories or food
processing plants.

EXAMPLES OF BRICK FLOORING

RUBBER FLOORING
 It consists of sheets or
tiles of rubber, in
variety of patterns and
colours with thickness
varying from 3 to 10
mm.
 The sheets are fixed to
the concrete floor with
the help of appropriate
adhesives.
 Rubber floorings are
resilient and noise
proof.
 They are costly, hence
used in public buildings
or offices

VINYL FLOORING

FLOORING TOOLS
Special tools used for
flooring include:
 Flooring clamp, a
clamp for tongue-and-groove
floors while
nailing
 Knee kicker, used to
position carpets
precisely and stretch
small areas, like steps
 Concrete moisture
meter used to check a
concrete floor before
laying flooring on top

ISSUES WITH FLOORING
 Wood floors, particularly older ones, will tend to
'squeak' in certain places.
 This is caused by the wood rubbing against
other wood, usually at a joint of the subfloor.
 Firmly securing the pieces to each other
with screws or nails will remove this problem.
 Concrete floors are usually so solid they do not
have this problem, but are also much more
expensive to construct, and much heavier,
resulting in further requirements regarding the
structure of the building.

Thank you