Year 2 week 16

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RHS Level 2 Certificate Week 16 – Review Week: Soil Water, pH, soil nutrients and relative humidity.

Learning objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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pH Scale ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

pH Questions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Main Plant macro-nutrients ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Nutrient questions ,[object Object],[object Object]

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Nutrient questions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Relative Humidity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Water quality is the physical, chemical, biological, and aesthetic characteristics of water which determines its fitness for a variety of uses and for protecting the health and integrity of aquatic ecosystems. Another general perception of water quality is that of a simple property that tells whether water is polluted or not. Water quality depends on the local geology and ecosystem, as well as human uses such as sewage dispersion, industrial pollution, use of water bodies as a heat sink, and overuse (which may lower the level of the water). Agriculture, nursery, and turfgrass managers depend on an adequate supply of water for irrigation. With the increasing demand for potable water, irrigation managers are turning to alternative, poorer quality sources of water (e.g., recycled runoff, saline groundwater, reclaimed water) for irrigation purposes. Poor quality irrigation water poses many hazards to plant production if not managed properly.

quality of water irrigation and factors lead poor water quality

nasuura

the amount and quality of irrigation water available in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world are the main limiting factors to the agricultural productivity. Saline-sodic irrigation water, coupled with low annual rainfall and high evapotranspiration in the arid and semi-arid regions, not only results in accumulation of soluble salts in soil solution but also exhibit external signs of salt toxicity in the plants. therefore research works are needed to find the best cultivation conditions for uses of p

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The use of land without consideration its limits will result in disturbing soil from its natural or ideal state. Both the physical and chemical properties of soil can be totally or partly altered due to human interference. The economic man always tries to achieve maximum economic gain without consideration of potential problems. These results gradually in deteriorating soil quality. The aims of this paper are to understand distribution, severity and estimating extent of chemically degraded alkaline soils which affect directly on the capacity of soil and environment in the region and suggest suitable conservation measures. The selected region for the present investigation is the 'Panchaganga Basin' of south Maharashtra state comprising 7 tahsils of Kolhapur district, Maharashtra. For the present investigation,both primary and secondary sources are used for this paper. Data regarding different properties of soil and water is collected from Government Soil Survey and Soil Testing Laboratory, Kolhapur and other through field work. Soil analysis has been done and chemical properties of soils are represented by choropleth methods. For this purpose special soil sample data is used. Area of alkali soil is identified with the help of soil chemical and physical properties. Simultaneously field observation and village wise obtained data has been supported. In the study region 46.72% area has covered by alkaline soil. Out of that 31.96% are slightly alkaline and 14.76% are strongly alkaline. Most of the eastern tahsils such as Shirol (94.59%), Hatkanangle (83.33%), Panhala (52.94%) and eastern part of Karveer (45.28%) tahsils have above 40% areas under alkaline soils. As per the risk of alkalinity, the physical, chemical and agronomic measures suggested for the improvement of alkaline soils.

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How Internal (Plant) and External (Environmental) Factors Influence Nutrient Supply to the Plant Root by Mass flow The plant loses water through transpiration. That's why there creates a vacuum in the plant. Then the plant absorbs water from the soil. This phenomenon is known as mass flow. It also takes the nutritional substances dissolved in the water at that time. As there happens a plant-environment interaction, there are a wide range of plant and environmental factors which can influence the nutrient supply to the roots of the plant Internal Factors or Plant Factors Species and Variety Water absorption by mass flow depends on the species and variety of the plants. Such as Eucalyptus absorbs much water than others. High yielding varieties uptake much water. In this way, it influences the nutrient uptake. Leaf Surface and Age of leafs Leaf Surface and leafage affect transpiration. Broader and younger leaves mean more transpiration. And transpiration is directly related to mass flow. More transpiration means more mass flow and more nutrient uptake. Influx to the Apoplasm For effective use of the nutrients, they need to reach the stele for transportation to the entire plant body. Endodermis creates a barrier to reach the nutrient through apoplasm. Plant Development Stage Transpiration and water uptakes depend on the age of the plant. So Nutrient uptake is affected. Metabolic Activity Ion accumulation depends on the expenditure of energy through metabolic activity like respiration. Thus ion uptake can be affected by metabolic activity. Such as, with lowering the oxygen tension, the uptake of potassium and phosphate is decreased. External or Environmental Factors Air Humidity As the humidity of air decreased, the plan losses more water through transpiration. On the other hand, mass flow increased. After all the nutrient uptake is affected. Concentration of the Solution If the available water is highly concentrated with the nutrient then the plant will get more nutrients. So, applying fertilizer can increase nutrient uptake. Effects of pH Nutrient uptake is largely affected by the pH of certain soil. pH influences the cations and anions of the solution. P, Zn, Fe are less available in alkali soil. Again Al3+ and Mn2+ inhibits the plant growth in the acid soil. Temperature Due to high temperature the rate of transpiration increases. Thus water starts absorbing more water through mass flow. Consequently, it increases the nutrient uptake. Soil properties Soil texture, structure, porosity can affect the nutrient uptake

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Year 2 week 16

1. RHS Level 2 Certificate Week 16 – Review Week: Soil Water, pH, soil nutrients and relative humidity.

3. What water is available to plants?

10.

11.

12.

Year 2 week 16

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