1. Seminar Presentation
8th Sem, Information Technology
Submitted by: Vishakha Kumar
2K11/IT/087

2. CONTENTS
1. What is IoT?
2. How it works?
3. How Semantics are Important ?
4. Heuristic Algorithm using Internet of Things
5. Applications
6. Challenges
7. Bibliography

3. WHAT IS INTERNET OF THINGS(IOT)??
 IoT is an evolution of mobile , home and embedded
applications that are connected to the internet integrating
greater computing capabilities and using Data analytics
to extract meaningful information.
 Related devices connect with each other to create a
intelligent system of systems
 These intelligent system of systems can have the
capability to share data over the cloud and capability to
analyze it.
 Which could be a whole new revolution all together

4. It’s a billion dollar industry and growing…

5. • Internet of things & smart systems are driven
by a combination of :
1. Sensors and Actuators –are the ‘things‘
2. Connectivity
3. People and processes
The Interaction between these will create new
type of smart application and services.

6. 1. Sensors & Actuators

7. 2. Connectivity
• The Inputs are digitized and placed onto
networks

8. 3.People & Processes

9. How it works?

10. 1. These are the sensors only. sensors tracking
movement (via accelerometer), sound, light,
electrical potential (via potentiometer),
temperature, moisture, location (via GPS) etc.
2. Here the sensors send their internal/ external
status. The data can be in form of text videos,
images, and audio. Using this data different
data models are synthesized which are analyzed
in the next stage.
3. This is the most challenging task .In here using
analytics the models are analyzed and the
appropriate actions are taken.

11. Why Semantics are Important ?
• Semantic descriptions support the integration of
heterogeneous data by enabling interoperability
between different sources.
• 50 billion devices will be connected by internet
by 2020.
• Meaning that providing interoperability among
these “Things” on the IoT is one of the most
fundamental requirements to support exchange
of data among each other and with other users
on the Internet, storage, and exchange.

12. • semantics provides a common framework that
allows data to be shared & reuse across
applications, community.
• The knowledge representation formalism used
in the suite of semantic Web technologies
allows logical reasoning that is able to infer
new information or knowledge from existing
assertions and rules. Semantic reasoning is an
important instrument in the domain of IoT for
various purposes such as resource discovery,
data abstraction, and knowledge extraction.
• Therefore,It is important!!

13. Heuristic Algorithm using Internet of
Things
• Financial inclusion as a concept has been in
practice for some time. In essence, Financial
Inclusion entails delivering banking services to
the low income and rural / semi urban people at
an affordable cost. Cause of lack of formal credit
history majority of rural and semi-urban
customers remains outside the purview of Banks.
• For the sensor device a mobile device such as a
smart phone can be used for this . We are building
a APP that can be used by these financial
institution.

14. • ImageProcPushback () { // Retrieve the image from
application container within file system
• fetchImage (img) // Convert the color image to
monochrome image. This would reduce the image size at
first level
• convertColor (img, Monochrome) // Boundary
detection would help to sharpen the boundaries of the
image
• detectBoundary (img) sharpenBoundary (img) //
Before streaming the images to the server at the backend,
compress the images. A typical compression factor of 0.6
works for a 2MP camera. The compression factor needs to
be decided based on the actual device and resolution used
• compressBitmap (img); // Queue images for pushing
back to the server
• queueSend (img);
• }

15. Lets see a few examples…

18. Challenges
 Privacy, autonomy and control:IoT data is
often personal. Authentication, authorization
concern.
 Dynamicity and Complexity: Real world data is
more transient, subject to environment changes
for which semantic descriptions need to be
updated accordingly.
 Distributed data storage/query: With large
volumes of data and semantic descriptions,
efficiency of storage and data handling
mechanisms become a key challenge

19.  Environmental Impact: Major concern of
environmental impacts of the manufacture, use,
and eventual disposal of all these
semiconductor-rich devices.
 Interpretation and perception of data
Challenges include: real-time processing of
the data streams in large scale, integration
and fusion of data from different sources,
describing the objects and events, defining
thresholds and quality and dynamicity issues

20. Bibilography
1. Semantics for the Internet of Things: early progress and back to the future
by PAYAM BARNAGHI, WEI WANG, CORY HENSON AND KERRY
TAYLOR1.
2. Atzori, L., Iera, A. & Morabito, G. (2010), “The Internet of Things: A
survey”, Computer Networks, Volume 54,Issue 15, 28 October 2010,
2787-2805.
3. Sensor Mania! The Internet of Things, Wearable Computing, Objective
Metrics, and the Quantified Self 2.0, JSAN 2012, 1(3), 217-253;
Published: 8 November 2012.
4. Murphy, C. Union Pacific Delivers Internet Of Things Reality
Check. InformationWeek, 2012. Available
online: http://www.informationweek.com/global-cio/interviews/union-
pacific-delivers-internet-of-thing/240004930 (accessed on 31 October
2012). [Google Scholar].
5. http://www.rethinkresearch.biz/articles/microsoft-google-algorithms-beat-
humans-image-recognition
6. http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Internet-of-Things