The document discusses different statistical concepts including mode, median, probability, outcomes, and events. It provides examples to illustrate each concept. The mode is the number that occurs most frequently in a data set. The median is the middle value when values are arranged in order. Probability is the likelihood of an event occurring and can be expressed as a fraction or percentage. Outcomes are the possible results of an event.

2. Design

7. • The "mode" is the value that occurs most
often. If no number is repeated, then there
is no mode for the list
• For example if we have to find the mode of
the following series-
• 13, 18, 13, 14, 13, 16, 14, 21, 13
• . The mode is the number that is repeated
more often than any other, so 13 is the
mode.

8. • Median is the middle value of the given numbers
or distribution in their ascending order. Median is
the average value of the two middle elements
when the size of the distribution is even.

9. Example 1: To find the median of 4,5,7,2,1Example 1: To find the median of 4,5,7,2,1
[ODD].[ODD].
Step 1:Step 1: Count the total numbers given.Count the total numbers given.
There are 5 elements or numbers inThere are 5 elements or numbers in
the distributionthe distribution
Step 2:Step 2: Arrange the numbers in ascendingArrange the numbers in ascending
order.order.
1,2,4,5,71,2,4,5,7
Step 3:Step 3: The total elements in theThe total elements in the
distribution (5) is odd.distribution (5) is odd.
The middle position can beThe middle position can be
calculated using the formula. (n+1)/2calculated using the formula. (n+1)/2
So the middle position is (5+1)/2 =So the middle position is (5+1)/2 =
6/2 = 36/2 = 3
The number at 3rd position is =The number at 3rd position is =
Median = 4Median = 4

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13. • Probability is the chance that something will
happen - how likely it is that some event will
happen.
Sometimes you can measure a probability with a
number: "10% chance of rain", or you can use
words such as impossible, unlikely, possible, even
chance, likely and certain.
Example: "It is unlikely to rain tomorrow".

14. • Problem: A spinner has 4 equal sectors colored
yellow, blue, green and red. What are the
chances of landing on blue after spinning the
spinner? What are the chances of landing on red.
• Solution: The chances of landing on blue are 1
in 4, or one fourth. The chances of landing on red
are 1 in 4, or one fourth
• This problem asked us to find some probabilities
involving a spinner.

15. • In probability, we talk about events" and outcomes." An
event is anything that happens. An outcome for example,
can have two possible results -- heads or tails. When you
flip a coin (an event), the result (outcome) is either heads
or tails.
• Probability tells you which outcome -- heads or tails -- is
more likely to occur in any given event. You can determine
the probability of a particular outcome by dividing the
number of times that the outcome has occurred by the
total number of events. To find the probability that a flipped
coin will come up heads, for example, you might flip the
coin 25 times. If the coin turns up heads 10 times, then the
probability that the coin will land heads up on the next flip
is 10/25, or 2/5.