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Annual cash flow from a new investment is projected to be: As the year 1 through 4 cash flows are realized it is anticipated that they will be invested in treasury bonds paying 14% annual interest and maturing at year 4. Calculate the DCFROR on the investment, assuming a 42% income tax rate is relevant and that after-tax treasury bond interest will be reinvested each year in identical bonds. Annual cash flow from a new investment is projected to be: As the year 1 through 4 cash flows are realized it is anticipated that they will be invested in treasury bonds paying 14% annual interest and maturing at year 4. Calculate the DCFROR on the investment, assuming a 42% income tax rate is relevant and that after-tax treasury bond interest will be reinvested each year in identical bonds. A) 26.12% B) 28.86% C) 25.33% D) 27.19% Solution The correct answer is: B) 28.86% .

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Answer in your own words: Would you agree with Karl Marx in saying that the Industrial Revolution and its capitalistic foundations negatively affected the working classes? Solution The Industrial Revolution advance capitalism to its final stage, which Marx saw as an ultimate evil. Before the industrial revolution feudalism existed which is a society run by land owners when the aristocracy gives land to the peasants and those landowners scrape and consume the profit the peasants make by taxation and taking of food using the knights as the collectors. Financial capitalism was a growing idea taken from the Greeks and Romans who believed that most individuals had a right to sell things to gain profit and to run businesses. This idea was reintroduced to Europe during the Renaissance, but it was still applied using feudal methods. The American and French revolution helped strengthen capitalism and the end of the great French war made England one of the richest nations in the world. Advances in technology and new inventions brought about the Industrial Revolution. The Idustrial Revolution created factories and housing for the peasants and it created a better market and made intelligent men big business men who exploited hundreds making themselves very wealthy. Because of the system lots of money could be made buying labour to make products that could be sold to other workers. Marx saw this new capitalism as unfair where the intelligent ruled the poor and created a new aristocracy who made workers got to work doing a job that was degrading, unfulfilling and where you were not paid a fair wage to make a living. So he came up with the idea of communism where capitalism is destroyed as is any other type of inequality and where the state and all institution disappear. so the Industrial Revolution not only gave birth to progress, wealth and democracy it also gave birth to communism. .

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Analyze the role of credit rationing in both a developed country and a less-developed country. How does the role of credit rationing influence economic growth and employment in these two countries? Solution Credit rationing is an action taken by lending institutions to limit or deny credit based on a borrowers\' creditworthiness and an overload of loan demands. Interest rates trending either up or down lead to credit rationing. An example of credit rationing is increasing interest rates about current market rates. Credit rationing IS a pervasive phenomenon. There are two different forms of quantity constraints: micro credit rationing, this places credit limits on borrowers, and macro credit rationing, this randomly denies access to any credit to a fraction of borrowers. The second form has asymmetric treatment of otherwise identical agents. Both forms of rationing can coexist, and play complementary yet distinct roles. It becomes clear that the second form of rationing gains in importance when the information flow within the lending community is poor (thus defaulters have a fair chance for escaping detection). One lesson that comes from both debt overhang and enforcement theories is that the distribution of bargaining power among lenders and borrowers has strong implications for the degree of credit rationing, effort levels as well as efficiency. The effect is similar in both cases .

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Annual worth calculations require equal life alternatives? T or F ? Annual worth consists of: capital recovery minus annual operating cost. T or F ? AW equivalent of a long term project (indefinite, very long, or infinite life) requires software due the high number of calculations that need to be performed to simulate an infinite number of years. T or F ? Annual Worth (AW) may also be called: Question 4 options: Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC) Annual Equivalent (AE) Equivalent Uniform Annual Cost (EUAC) All of the above None of the above Solution 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC) .

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Annual editions of journal What will social media look like in the future Information presented: list at least 5 points made by the author Solution A lot of changes in social media in recent years wonâ€™t be revolutionary they will be a Continuation and acceleration of what we have seen today , any revolutionary change will be so different that that to even try to guess at what it will look like is near impossible .this after all what Makes it revolutionary change Social at work We are going to find social tools connecting us more than ever in the work space TEXTING Texting is more personal and faster than most other forms of social media. And with all the New texting platforms, most of the old technical requirements are a thing of past MOBILE AND ENTERTAINMENT WILL MORPH Marketing programs will reintegrate In the future the vast majority of all content thatâ€™s produced and shared will be visual This will further blur the lines between whatâ€™s real life and whatâ€™s online PERFECT DISTRIBUTION OF RELEVENT CONTENT The next big trend we have seen and re currently experiencing is the perfect distribution of releventcontent in real time .

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An unknown mixture of ions was treated with hydrochloric acid resulting in a white precipitate and a colorless solution. The precipitate did not change after addition of hot water but did disappear after addition of ammonium hydroxide. After acidification with nitric acid, the white precipitate reappeared. The colorless solution was treated with thioacetamide and hydrochloric acid resulting in the formation of a dark precipitate. The precipitate was treated with nitric acid resulting in a black precipitate and blue solution. The blue solution was treated with sulfuric acid and ammonium hydroxide without changing. After addition of sodium thiosulfate, a reddish-brown precipitate appeared. Determine which ions were present in the unknown mixture. Select all which apply. An unknown mixture of ions was treated with hydrochloric acid resulting in a white precipitate and a colorless solution. The precipitate did not change after addition of hot water but did disappear after addition of ammonium hydroxide. After acidification with nitric acid, the white precipitate reappeared. The colorless solution was treated with thioacetamide and hydrochloric acid resulting in the formation of a dark precipitate. The precipitate was treated with nitric acid resulting in a black precipitate and blue solution. The blue solution was treated with sulfuric acid and ammonium hydroxide without changing. After addition of sodium thiosulfate, a reddish-brown precipitate appeared. Determine which ions were present in the unknown mixture. Select all which apply Ag HgHE22 Bi3+ Cu2+ Cd2 Solution Pb 2+ ion is reacts with Hcl gives Pbcl 2 which is white colour precipitate.Pbcl 2 is insoluble in water.PbCl2 is insoluble in hot water .but addition of NH4OH in the solution ti get sollubalized. After acidifying this solution the PbNO3 COMPLEX is formed which is black in colour. .

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Analyze the role cryptographic algorithms play and explain how these algorithms could be utilized in a way that would strengthen an organizationâ€™s existing plan. Solution Cryptographyâ€™s Role in the Enterprise Encrypting every piece of data in your organization keeps data protected from unauthorized access. Every organization has confidential data. It has to be protected such a way that only an authorized person could access it. Cryptographic algorithms strengthen an organizationâ€™s existing plan by providing below benefits. Confidentiality Encryption technique can guard the information and communication from unauthorized revelation and access of information. Authentication The cryptographic techniques such as MAC and digital signatures can protect information against spoofing and forgeries. Data Integrity The cryptographic hash functions are playing vital role in assuring the users about the data integrity. Non-repudiation The digital signature provides the non-repudiation service to guard against the dispute that may arise due to denial of passing message by the sender. .

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Analyze and determine which sector, public or private, has greater insight on the potential of cyberattacks. Solution Private Sectors has a greater insight on the potential of cyberattacks The threat of hacking varies from one sector to another sector and it is difficult to measure it because intrusions often go undetected. Risk awareness is growing and reducing the risk is difficult because threats evolves constantly. Business possessing great quantities of personal data have a higher insight of potential risk Regulated and large corporations tends to be more douced on risks assocated with cyberattacks. However the extext of cyberattacks on private sector will always depends on the maturity of an organization, the cybersecurity implemented by organization and the holistic sexurity safegaurds .

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an102 Tollowing infrared spectra? Some examples of functional groups are sp eroups (use peaks between 4000 and 1500 cm) are present in the \' C-H, sp C-H, Ced, nitrile, alkyne, aldehyde C-H, carbonyl, ketone carbonyl, ester carbonyl, a carbonyl, OH, carboxylic acid OH, NH NICOLET Solution In image one (top one), C=C, C=O (ketone) and C-H (sp 3 and sp 2 ) stretching frequency of these functional groups are present. In image two, C=C, nitrile, C-H (sp 3 and sp 2 ) stretching frequency of these functional groups are present. in image three, amide carbonyl, NH, and C-H (sp 3 ) stretching frequency of these functional groups are present. In image 4, OH, keto and C-H (sp 3 ) stretching frequency of these functional groups are present. in Image 5 (down one) carbonyl carboxylic acid and aldehyde, OH carboxylic acid, CH aldehyde and C-H (sp 3 ) stretching frequency of these functional groups are present. .

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An unknown compound is one of the four compounds shown below. It is an amphipathic lipid, it immediately decolorizes bromine solution, and readily reacts with aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The pain and swelling caused by arthritis and related illnesses results from the production of this compound in the affected tissues. Based upon the information provided, answer the tolowing questions (A- E) (5 points) 6. Ho-CH--ck CH-N-C-R A) All the compounds pictured are amphipathic molecules. Describe the term amphipathic Give an example of a non-amphipathic lipid. Solution a) An amphipathic molecule is the one which comprises of two parts : All the lipids molecules found are amphipathic in a cell membrane. b) Out of all the four compounds given in the question the one responsible for controling the development of sex organs and secondary sexual characteristic is the compound C. The name associated with this type of compound is ANDROGENS. Yes androgens will react with NaBH 4 and reduces 1-carbonyl group of 3-deoxy androgens to form aromatase inhibitors having a 19-hydroxy group. c) The compound A can be identified as local hormone. The name of the compound is ALPROSTADIL. These molecules are called local molecule these are produced by cells and to either neighboring cells(i.e. local to their neghbourhood ) or the same tupe of cells that are responsible for their production. These hormones are very quickly inactivated.These are large group of signalling molecules and are released during phisical activity like exercise and running. These hormones donot circulate within the blood thus are local to their production area. d) Compound B is a major component of biological membrane. Yes these compounds are hydrolysable due to the fact that they contain ester group. These compounds are hydrolusable because tehy contain funtional group ester. .

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Analyze the types of informal and formal communication in organizations. Solution Formal Communication: A communication that is made in the proper channel and which is properly authorized is defined as a formal communication. In formal commication, the message that is conveyed will be recorded for future reference. The various types of formal communication in an organization as as follows: 1.Circulars 2. Notices put up on notice boards 3. Important annoucements 4. Formal E-Mail 5. Notifications from Immediate senior Informal Communication: Any communication that does not have an origin or an end is called as an informal communication. In other words a communication in which the sender and receiver are not definite is called as an informal communication. The various types of informal communication in an organization are as follows: 1. Gossips 2. Rumours 3. Organization secrets that gets communicated informally. 4. Information that is passed between departments without following the hierarchy of authorization .

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Encapsulation process. Explain this process giving specific detail at each layer of the OSI Model. Be sure to explain the different PDUs at each stage and include the most significant fields for each pdu. (20 marks) Solution Its dvided into seven layers. Encapsulation happens seperately at different levels. Starting frm Application layer, application running on source device creates some kind of data.Then next comes Presentation layer where encryption gets added to the data. Then the session layer where session id is applied.Upto this point information is still one block of data. Next layer is transport layer where bock of data gets break down into segments and gets a port number. This segment is then passed to Network layer where source and destination IP address are appended and now the segment becomes packet.This packet is then passed to next level called Data link layer where destination MAC address and CRC is added.Now the resulting thing is Frame. The Frame then is sent to the physical device where it is translated into some kind of a signal, whether itâ€™s electrical, radio wave, light or other signal. This Frame then becomes some kind of a signal that represents a series of zeros and ones. This is why at the Physical layer we often call it Bits .

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Elijah Murphy studied voice, opera, and Jewish liturgical music at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. After he graduated, he applied for a job as a cantor (i.e., professional singer who leads prayer services) at the Nashville Downtown Synagogue. The synagogue responded that he was not qualified for the position and refused to consider him for the job because he is not Jewish. A. Elijah has a prima facie case of disparate treatment discrimination against the synagogue and the synagogue has no defense. B. Elijah has a prima facie case of discrimination against the synagogue and the synagogue can successfully assert the ministerial exception to Title VII. C. Elijah does not have a prima facie case of discrimination, so it doesn\'t matter whether the synagogue can assert a defense. D. Elijah has a prima facie case of discrimination against the synagogue and the synagogue can successfully assert the business necessity defense. Solution B. Elijah has a prima facie case of discrimination against the synagogue and the synagogue can successfully assert the ministerial exception to Title VII. As Elijah was refused to consider for the job because he is not Jewish, therefore Elijah has a prima facie case of discrimination against the synagogue as he had studied voice, opera, and Jewish liturgical music at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary and have skill level. Synagogue can successfully assert the ministerial exception to Title VII, as he responded that he was not qualified for the position and refused to consider him for the job because he is not Jewish. .

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Effect of Transactions on Accounting Equation Describe how the following business transactions affect the three elements of the accounting equation. >Paid for utilities used in the business. (increases assets and decreases assets, or increases assets and decreases liabilities, or decreases assets and increases liabilities, or decreases assets and decreases owner\'s equity, or increases assets and decreases owner\'s equity.) Solution The accounting equation is: Assets = Liabilities + Owner\'s Equity. The transaction: \"Paid for utilities\" involves 2 accounts - Cash (Asset) & utilities expense (Expense). Here, Cash will decrease & Utilities expense will increase. Revenues & Expenses are part of Owners equity (Under Retained earnings component, related as: Ending Retained earnings = Beginning Retained earnings + Revenue - Expenses - Dividends). So: Cash (Current Asset) will decrease & Owner\'s Equity will decrease. .

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Emerging health care reform and Organizational downsizing analyze how each has changed healthcare delivery on both the macro and micro levels. Provide specific examples of how both macro and micro impacts/changes: Solution Health care reform: Macro and micro changes are due to : 1.At the macro level there is a political issue as 25 to 50 million people who are uninsured have to be insured. 2.Also at the macro level this programme aim at gaining public attention which may work out during elections. 3.Another problem is due to economic problem as the cost of providing medical services is too high and providing this service to such a large group requires a large ammount of investment, Due to Organizational Downsizing: 1.At the macro level company is under some kind of loss and hence facing downsizing. 2.At the microlevel which comprises of workers,managers and all other employees then there is reduce in wages,incentives,etc. .

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Exercise 1-7A Components of the Accounting Equation: The financial condition of Greyco Inc. is expressed in the following accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Common stock + Retained Earnings $800 cash + $9200 land =$7000 + $2,000 + $1000 a. Are dividents paid to creditors or investors? Explain why. b. How much cash is in the retained earnings account? c. Etermine the maximum dividend GreyCo can pay? d. If the obligation to creditors is due, can Greyco repay the loan? Why or why not? e. Suppose the land sinks into the sea as a result of an earthquake and a resulting tsunami. The business is then liquidated. How much cash will creditors receive? How much cash will investors receive? (Assume there are no legal fees or other costs of liquidation? Solution a. Dividends are paid to investors. Dividends are paid to stockholders, who are investors. Interest is paid to a creditor (someone who has lent the company money). b. There isn .

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Examples of Herzberg\'s hygiene factors include organizational policies, quality of supervision, working conditions, base wage or salary, relationship with peers and subordinates, status, and security. True False Proxemics refers to the use of space as people interact. True False Solution 1. True Reason : Hezberg\'s two-factor theory focuses on two factors that build job satisfaction or dissatisfaction at work. One of them is known as motivators (i.e. recognition, challenging work, responsibility ) while the other is hygiene factors as described in the question 2. True Reason : In the study of non-verbal communication, proxemics is one of the subcategories that focuses on the use of space on the interpersonal communication. The idea was proposed by Anthropologist- Edward Hall in 1965, who broadly classified his theory into two categories - personal space and territory. .

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Evaluate the skills necessary in conducting change processes within an organization. Solution The skills that are necessary for a leader to create a change process within an organization are as follows: 1. To reduce and manage conflicts due to initiation of change management. 2. To Reduce the resistance during change. 3. To communicate effectively 4. To secure the necessary resources and manage the same. 5. To manage the change process. 6. To create interpersonal and social relationships. 7. To lead with emotional intelligence 8. To build networks. 9. To develop a vision and translate the same into an effective action. 10. To be a good facilitator. 11. Should have project management skills 12. Should have good drafting skills 13. Should have coaching skills 14. Ability to decide the type of change models to be implemented 15. Ability to create a change facilitation plan .

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Evaluate and outline the principal utility of the foreign exchange market. Solution The foreign exchange market ( forex , FX , or currency market ) is a global decentralized market for the trading of currencies. Foreign exchange markets are made up of banks, commercial companies, central banks, investment management firms, hedge funds, and retail forex brokers and investors. The forex market is considered to be the largest financial market in the world. It is believed to be most efficient because the currency market is large and liquid. The primary utility of forex is that it allows firms making transactions in foreign currencies to convert the currencies or deposits they have into the currencies or deposits they want. The importance of foreign exchange markets has grown with increased global economic activity, trade, and investment, and with technology that makes real-time exchange of information and trading possible. Transfer of purchasing power across boundaries is possible because of forex markets. Transfer of purchasing power is necessary because international transactions normally involve parties in countries with different national currencies. Each party usually wants to deal in its own currency, but the transaction can be invoiced in only one currency. Provision of Credit: the movement of goods between countries takes time, inventory in transit must be financed for which forex markets are a source. Also the foreign exchange market provides \"hedging\" facilities for transferring foreign exchange risk to someone else .

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Eric has convinced his friend Elon to allow him to fly on the Dragon capsule. After this spacecraft is headed towards Mars an unfortunate accident with a bag of Cheesy Poofs has punctured the skin of the spacecraft. Due to the hole, the gas in the cabin is exiting to the vacuum of space. Assuming the atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen gas and oxygen gas, how much faster does N2 (g) escape than O2 (g) (hint: solve for rate N^2/rateO^2)? Solution The movement of particles through a small hole is called effusion. According to Graham\'s law, the rate of effusion or diffusion of gas is inversely proportional to square root of its Molecular weight. So, Rate of effusion of N2 (rate 1)= 1/?(Molecular weight of N2 =1/?M1 Molecular weight of N2 = 28.013 g/mol Rate of effusion of O2 (rate 2)= 1/?M2 Molecular weight of O2 = 32.0 g/mol So, Rate N2/rate O2 = ?(M2/M1) = ?(32.0 g mol^-1 /28.0 13gmol^-1) = 1.0688 This means N2 escapes 1.0688 times faster than O2 .

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Et 3. Acid Base hate ? you are given pco will you separeh thase io Solution Ans. Aniline is an organic basic compound and naphthalene is an organic neutral compound. Both the compounds are soluble in ether. To separate the two compounds which are dissolved in ether, add an aqueous acid. Aniline, being basic will react with the aqueous acid to form an ammonium salt which is water soluble and goes into the aqueous layer. Naphthalene remains in the ether layer. Now, the ether layer has naphthalene whereas the aqueous layer has the ammonium salt of aniline. Separate the ether layer and the aqueous layer. To obtain naphthalene, the ether is evaporated from the ether layer containing naphthalene. To obtain aniline from the aqueous acidic solution, add a base to basified the solution. Ammonium salt of aniline gets converted back to aniline. To this mixture, add ether which will extract the aniline from the aqueous medium. Separate the aqueous layer and the ether layer. Finally, to obtain the aniline present, the ether is evaporated off from the ether layer containing aniline. .

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