1. THE WATER QUESTION UNDER EXTREME POVERTY THE EXAMPLE OF BOLAMA, GUINEA-BISSAU Adriano A. Bordalo & Joana Savva-Bordalo

2. GUINEA-BISSAU 28,000 km 2 land area (32,000 km 2 ) Tropical rain forest (85%) Wet - June to November Dry - December to May 1,600,00 inhabitants AIDS - 7% [30%] GDP - $188 13.6% “potable” water Cholera Diarrheas Malaria Respiratory diseases

3. WATER CONSUMPTION PER PERSON EUROPE - 150 liters

4. WATER CONSUMPTION PER PERSON AFRICA - 50 liters

5. WATER CONSUMPTION PER PERSON AFRICA - 50 liters RURAL POPULATION network URBAN POPULATION network 52 L 72 L

6. WATER USES

7. THE ORIGIN OF WATER

8. THE ORIGIN OF WATER

9. WATER CONSTRAINS

10. WATER CONSTRAINS

11. WATER CONSTRAINS

12. WATER CONSTRAINS

13. WATER CONSUMPTION 21 liters 40 liters (Muslim areas)

15. SAMPLING STRATEGY 28 - 43 wells

16. PRECIPITATION 1998 - 2007

17. PRECIPITATION 1998 - 2007

18. WATER ACIDITY wet season dry season 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 EU pH

19. FECAL CONTAMINATION wet season dry season 0 25 50 75 100 125 fecal coliforms 100 ml -1 EU

20. IRON wet season dry season 0 50 100 150 200 250 µg l -1 EU

21. FECAL COLIFORMS uncontaminated zone

22. WATER QUALITY INDEX 50-60% - reasonable 40-50% - mediocre <40% - bad

23. WATER NETWORK?

24. PRECIPITATION & DISEASE Bolama 2006/07 2006 2007

25. PRECIPITATION & DISEASE 2006 2007

26. CHILD MORTALITY Malaria Respiratory infections Diarrhea 35% 15% 15% UNDP, 2002

27. CHOLERA EPIDEMICS 1986, 1987, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2002, 2003, 2005 2008

28. PROBLEM 400 g of oyster shells Acidic water EU SOLUTIONS

29. 1 drop bleach in one liter of water PROBLEM Fecal materials EU SOLUTIONS

30.  X MORE SOLUTIONS wells

31. MORE SOLUTIONS X  latrines

32. acknowledgments AMI - International Medical Assistance Portuguese Embassy - Bissau AIDA - Spanish Cooperation Bolama Regional Health Authority ICBAS - University of Porto IPO - Porto