Linked data - NCompass presentation
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Information about the state of Linked Data in Libraries Today
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Linked data - NCompass presentation
- 1. LINKED DATA AND LIBRARIES: AN OVERVIEW Robin Hastings NEKLS rhastings@nekls.org
- 2. TODAY’S TOPICS What is linked data? How is linked data being used right now? BIBFRAME Open Library What are some potential uses for linked data? Extending library data’s reach Reduce, Reuse, Recycle More info: Previous NCompass Live episode at https://nlc.nebraska.gov/scripts/calendar/eventshow.asp?ProgID=14798 (Life after MARC - Cataloging Tools of the Future This presentation:
- 3. WHAT IS LINKED DATA? Photo Credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/12033805@N00/2268295018/ - gerlos via Compfight - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- sa/2.0/
- 4. ESSENTIAL PRINCIPLES: Use URIs (Universal Resource Identifiers) as names for objects Use HTTP URIs so people can look up those names Provide information (at the URI) in standard form (RDF, JSON, Turtle, etc.) Include links to other URI objects so that other objects can be discovered via links Tim-Burners Lee, back in 2006
- 5. SEMANTICS & LINKED DATA Photo Credit: https://openclipart.org/detail/140701/brain
- 6. RDA VS. RDF Resource Description and Access (RDA) Library-land created Describes and provides access points for bibliographic information means of encoding metadata for library resources Structured on FRBR Can be expressed in multiple “languages” such as MARC21, BIBFRAME, etc. Content descriptor, not a specific format Resource Description Framework (RDF) WWW created Describes and provides access points for semantically valid information on the web means of encoding metadata for web- based resources Structured on semantic language (OWL - Working Ontology Language) Can be expressed in multiple “languages” such as XML, Turtle, etc.
- 11. BIBFRAME 3 Includes Access points (Subjects, Authorities) --> http://kcoyle.net/bibframe/BFbook.html
- 13. 4 Main Classes WORK - a resource reflecting a conceptual essence of the cataloging resource. (Audio, Text, title, creator, place) INSTANCE - a resource reflecting an individual, material embodiment of the Work. (extent, format, frequency) AUTHORITY - a resource reflecting key authority concepts that have defined relationships reflected in the Work and Instance. (agent, place, temporal, topic) ANNOTATION - a resource that enhances our knowledge about another resource when knowing, minimally, 'who' is doing the annotating is important. (reviews, etc.) The BIBFRAME Vocabulary is comprised of the RDF properties, classes, and relationships between and among them. (bibframe.org)
- 14. OPEN LIBRARY One page per book for every book published ever Record available in RDF or JSON web formats
- 15. By Max Schmachtenberg, Christian Bizer, Anja Jentzsch and Richard Cyganiak - http://lod-cloud.net/, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php ?curid=36956792
- 17. CURRENT USES OF LINKED DATA Linked Data = Knowledge Graph Google, Facebook, etc. all use Linked Data to provide knowledge (see hours, phone number, map based on address, Wikipedia entry, etc.) Schema.org - the linked data standard used by Google -->
- 18. US GOV’T LINKED DATA Local severe weather warning systems in Missouri Product recall data from fed government Higher Ed datasets, including information on every institution of higher education that participates in the federal student financial aid programs
- 20. USES FOR LINKED DATA OUTSIDE THE US England: British National Bibliography (bnb.data.bl.uk) - working on creating a repository of linked data objects based on national library holdings Germany: Culturegraph1 - linked open data service that intends to create an individual information object for each kind of material held by libraries in Germany (http://www.dnb.de/EN/Service/DigitaleDienste/LinkedData/linkeddata_nod England: https://openclipart.org/detail/221971/big-ben-tower-illustration Germany: https://openclipart.org/detail/240797/germany-map-flag-2
- 21. REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE Reduce - the amount of work going into reinventing the record at each library (at least somewhat) Reuse - the library’s data in new and exciting ways, taking advantage of linked open data on the web Recycle - Shared MARC records - even more sharing with common URIs that all libraries can use
Notes de l'éditeur
- Join Robin Hastings, Director of Technology Services for Northeast Kansas Library System (NEKLS),
- as she goes over the basics of what linked data is, what the potential of linked data can be and how libraries (and other organizations) are using it right now to make information more easily accessible on the web. Learn what the Library of Congress is doing with BIBFRAME and how projects like the Open Library are making use of linked data to extend their reach and make their information reusable.
- Linked data is data that is on the web in a format that computers can understand. It should be human readable, too, but it needs mostly to be specially coded so that computers can read it and, crucially, understand it. Linked Data vs. Linked Open Data
- Our brain understands non-standard English (or Turkish, or Russian, or whatever human language you speak), but computers understand NOTHING that is not perfectly formed and precisely standard. Things not strings
- Discuss differences On click, Arrow drops down - most of the rest of the presentation will be focused on RDF, more info on RDA and library-specific cataloging in the presentation mentioned earlier.
- URI’s are names for things (things rather than strings!) Subject == noun Predicate == verb (or property) Object == noun
- MARC standard - AARC2 encoding Data is locked up and never appears in a search result because it doesn’t conform to linked data standards (like BIBFRAME); makes our data silo’d and impossible to find where our patrons are looking
- BIBFRAME with RDF coding - Output from Zepheira's python code (work) Uses the linked vocabularies (Subject, Predicate, Object) to add richness to our records -> BIBFRAME is a specifically created vocabulary for bib information (unlike Dublin Core, FOAF, etc.)
- (Instance - manifestation level, mostly)
- Output from LC's xquery code into RDF
- These Information Resources can then be re-assembled into a coherent architecture that allows for cooperative cataloging at a far more granular level than before. Then, as we leverage the Web as an architecture for data, whenever updates to these Resources are performed (e.g. someone adds new information about a Person, new mappings related to a Subject, etc.) notification events can occur to automatically update systems that reference these Resources. Further, these information assets can now be more effectively utilized at a granular level and provide a richer substrate in which local collections, special collections and third party data can easily annotate and contextualize cooperative library content.
- Linked Open Datasets published up through April of 2014 (wikimedia)
- Pie in the sky sort of uses: Today is Steve Job’s birthday (in 1955). Because Steve has an entry in the VIAF (Virtual Authority File) which gives his birthday (among lots of other information), the web page knows it’s his birthday. It pulls a picture from the VIAF file, then starts searching in Wikipedia for media he might be connected to. There are biographies (book and movie) listed there, so it pulls the information about those and uses the info stored in Amazon to give rich and detailed descriptions of that media. It also knows, from Wikipedia, that he founded the Apple company, so it goes to Yahoo! Finance and pulls the stock information for Apple and provides that information as well. If you happen to have a library-lover coding this, it will also check Worldcat for links to any media referencing Steve Jobs or Apple in a library near you and give you links into the catalog, availability information and offer to put any of it on hold for you - all you have to do is supply your library card number. Searching: Who is that actor from Pulp Fiction (IMDB for cast list, Wikipedia for info/pictures) Internationalisation and multilingualism in RDA - the ability with linked data to choose the language on the fly (or term that applies to your particular field/user group, etc.) records from multiple sources (Dublin Core, etc.) all pulled into a single ILS and understood and displayed as easily as native info
- www.linkedjazz.org/network For libraries? Using similar linked data could create a book box with links to author information, publisher, etc. plus information about its availability in your local library at the moment of searching WP plugin for Schema.org; could use it here to provide hours/phone info
- Useful in websites or apps; freely available
- One example of using data.gov data - search for Lawrence, KS, get data from: Open Government Data Used: American Community Survey, Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Weather Service, US Census TIGER Database, Federal Housing Finance Agency Mortgage Data https://www.imls.gov/research-evaluation/data-collection/public-libraries-united-states-survey - uses Public Library Survey 2012 and Archives Library Information Center