1. CHAPTER 20
Section 1: The British Empire in the Postwar Era
Section 2: Turkey, Persia, and Africa
Section 3: Unrest in China
Section 4: Imperialism in Japan
Section 5: Latin America Between
the Wars
Nationalist Movements Around
the World

2. SECTION 2
Bell Ringer 20.2:
What were some changes in African
attitudes towards colonialism?
Turkey, Persia, and Africa
Experience Result
World War I
colonial education
racism and political
repression

3. SECTION 2
Turkey, Persia, and Africa
After its defeat
in WWI, the
Ottoman Empire
was stripped of
all its land except
Turkey.

4. SECTION 2
Turkey, Persia, and Africa
Mustafa Kemal
Ataturk
Founded the
Republic of Turkey
1922
Became the republic’s
first president

5. SECTION 2
Turkey, Persia, and Africa
…believed that the traditional
way of running Muslim countries
had outlived itself, and that
Turkey's chances of surviving the
future as well as gaining new
strength would only be achieved
through adopting principles from
the European countries.

6. SECTION 2
Turkey, Persia, and Africa
His reforms included adopting Western
dress, introduction of the Latin
alphabet for Turkish, reduction of the
centrality of Islam in Turkish public life,
equality of all citizens regardless of
religion, women’s suffrage and regular
education of the masses.
He introduced a political system that
took many elements from Western
systems, but he never allowed political
pluralism, allowing only his own
Republican People's party.

7. Political Cartoon
Turkey, Persia, and Africa
Parliament Membership during the Single-Party System in Turkey (1925-1945)

8. SECTION 2
Turkey, Persia, and Africa
Iran is home to one of the world's oldest continuous
major civilizations.

9. SECTION 2
Turkey, Persia, and Africa
Reza Shah Pahlavi
1921 ~ seized control of the gov’t
overthrowing the last Shah of the Qajar
dynasty.
~ wanted to modernize his country and
free it from foreign domination

10. SECTION 2
Turkey, Persia, and Africa
Reza Shah introduced many socio-economic reforms, reorganizing
the army, government administration, and finances.
He is considered the father of
modern Iran.

11. SECTION 2
Turkey, Persia, and Africa
Reza Shah established an authoritarian government that valued
nationalism, militarism, secularism and anti-communism combined
with strict censorship and state propaganda.
His secret police ruthlessly put
down any opposition and
suppressed political parties.

12. SECTION 2
Turkey, Persia, and Africa
Colonial troops fought
for GB and France
expecting to be rewarded
after the war with greater
political freedom.
They would be disappointed.

13. SECTION 2
Turkey, Persia, and Africa
Missionaries and gov’t schools taught African students
Western ideals of equality and self-rule.
At the same time, the colonial gov’ts denied Africans
these rights.

14. SECTION 2
Turkey, Persia, and Africa
“After Africa’s sons had shed their blood on the
altar of liberty and after having experienced that
terrible plague called the influenza epidemic, are
we not the same manna loving people?
The period between the World Wars saw a huge
increase in political activity in Africa, much of it
led by the younger generation.
Nnamdi Azikiwe
of Nigeria

15. SECTION 2
Turkey, Persia, and Africa
Jomo Kenyatta
of Kenya
Léopold Senghor
of Senegal

16. SECTION 2
Turkey, Persia, and Africa
What factors contributed to the increase
in political activity and calls for nationalism
in Africa after World War I?
Increased education for Africans,
Western ideas of nationalism
and equality

17. SECTION 2
Turkey, Persia, and Africa
QUIZ TIME!

18. SECTION 2
Turkey, Persia, and Africa
ResultExperience
World War I ideas about freedom and nationalism
colonial education ideas about equality and self-rule
racism and political
repression
work toward reform and
independence

19. Chapter Wrap-Up
CHAPTER 29
1.How did the military affect Japan’s
government?
2.How did cultural issues affect
nationalistic movements in Africa?
3.How did economic issues influence
political events in Latin America?