Transaction Management in Database Management System
ch_13-sec1
1. CHAPTER 13
The Industrial Revolution
Section 1: Origins of the Industrial
Revolution
Section 2: The Factory System
Section 3: New Methods and Business
Organizations
Section 4: Living and Working Conditions
Section 5: Socialism
2. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Ch 13.1 Bell Ringer:
Who were some of the inventors of the
Industrial Revolution and how were
their inventions used?
Write this question – complete the next
slide’s chart.
3. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Inventor Invention Function of Invention Industry
Jethro Tull
Eli Whitney
James Watt
Samuel Morse
Richard
Arkwright
Henry
Bessemer
4. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
To understand the importance of the
Industrial Revolution, you have to
know what life was like before it.
Many things had remained unchanged for centuries.
Life was mainly based on farming, with families producing
enough for their own needs. Craftspeople also worked on a
local level, making and mending things for their neighbors
with little contact with the outside world.
5. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
The slow pace of life was hardly
different from that of the Middle Ages.
Water mills, windmills, and horses or oxen provided
the only extra power, and most work was still down
by hand.
Few people realized that all this
was set to change.
6. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
What is a revolution?
Before the Industrial Revolution,
there was an Agricultural
Revolution . . .
8. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Jethro Tull
Seed Drill 1701
…resulted in farming becoming less labor intensive and allowed
farmers to grow crops on a much larger scale.
9. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Charles “Turnip” Townshend
crop rotation
10. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Other improvements increased production and made farm labor easier…
Iron plows would replace wooden ones.
…plow with a replaceable blade.
By 1800s, many farm workers were
forced out and headed to the cities.
11. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
… is a term used to describe
the transformation from an
agricultural nation to an
industrial nation.
12. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Why did the Industrial
Revolution begin in
Great Britain?
13. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Factors of Production
• Land
– All natural resources
• Labor
– Workers who migrated into the cities
• Capital
– Tools, machinery, equipment, MONEY
15. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Where is the
Industrial
Revolution
taking root
in Great
Britain?
16. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Textile Industry
The oldest known representation of a horizontal
treadle-loom. 13th century English manuscript.
• In 1600s, men and women carded
the wool, spun thread and wove
cloth by hand at home …
17. Visual Source
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Carding the wool
Spinning the thread and weaving
18. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
The textile industry would be the first industry to be mechanized.
19. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
John Kay
flying shuttle
Increased the speed that
handweavers could work –
Began to weave faster than
thread could be supplied!
20. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
James Hargreaves
spinning jenny
Produced EIGHT times more
Thread than a single
Spinning wheel!
21. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Richard
Arkwright
spinning frame
Produced stronger threads
for yarns
Powered by water-wheel
Built first textile mill in 1771
Beginning of the modern factory system
22. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Edmund
Cartwright
water powered
loom
Produced as much as 200
hand-loom operators
25. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Water power had drawbacks . . .
A more dependable and portable power supply was needed!
STEAM!
First recorded steam
engine invented by a Greek
in the first century AD
26. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
James Watt would improve on the Newcomen steam engine …
Modern
Steam
Engine
1769
Now it would be used to drive
the new spinning & weaving
machines!
27. Visual Source
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Allegory on the significance of
steam power, c.1850
Details from the
cartoon
28. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
More Machines? Need more iron ore . . . And coal to separate it.
But cast iron couldn’t withstand high steam pressure . . .
Henry Bessemer
developed the first process for mass-producing steel inexpensively
Same basic process is used today!
29. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Technology would be applied to other industries …
Gas Lights
First public street lighting – 1807 in London
Samuel Clegg
30. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Charles Goodyear – father of modern rubber industry
vulcanization
1844
31. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Oil Industry Began in the mid-1800s
Produced as an unwelcome byproduct from
brine wells in Pennsylvania …
1849 first distillation of kerosene from crude oil
1857 kerosene lamp forces whale oil lamps off
the market
1859 first oil well dug at Titusville, PA
32. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Transportation Revolution
• Stone topped roads
• Canals
• Steam locomotive – George Stephenson
• Robert Fulton - father of steam navigation
“Fulton’s Folly”
The Clermont 1807
33. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Communications Revolution
• 1800 Alessandro Volta – first
battery with steady flow of
current
• 1820s Andre Ampère –
founded the science of
electromagnetism
• 1844 Samuel Morse -
telegraph
34. Political Cartoon
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
1882 Punch magazine
detailing potential of electricity’s use to
society …
35. Political Cartoon
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
PUNCH December 26, 1902
DEVELOPMENT OF WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY—SCENE IN HYDE PARK.
36. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Spread of Industry Worldwide
• Lagged in other European countries
• France encouraged building of railroads, remained
agricultural
• Germany did not have a central gov’t until the 1870s
• Ahhh . . . But in the United States? Industry THRIVED!
• by 1869 – intercontinental railroad joined the East and
West coasts …
38. Political Cartoon
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Consequences of
urbanization:
A Punch magazine
cartoon from 1858
shows Father Thames
with 'his offspring',
diphtheria, scrofula
and cholera.
39. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
‘Capital and Labour’,
Punch Magazine, May, 184
This illustrator was
already predicting the
outcome of
industrialization.
41. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Any questions?
Close your books –
Time for your Open Note Quiz!
42. SECTION 1
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Inventor Invention Function of Invention Industry
Jethro Tull seed drill, horse- planted seeds in straight rows; agriculture
drawn hoe dug up weeds and broke up soil
cotton gin cleaned more cotton in a day textile
Eli Whitney
than hand laborers could
James Watt modern steam powered engines for factories textile and
engine and transportation of goods transportation
Samuel Morse Morse communication communication
code/telegraph
Richard water power to drive
increased level of production textile
Arkwright spinning wheel
Henry Bessemer textile and
used to make steel
Bessemer process transportation
