Kyoto Protocol FOIA Email 4.9.01

1. * a' .aiwll;: ~~~~~~~~~;c(Pn~~~NO.175 P.2/10
_1491kr~ Krieger.Jmckie( epamall~eeptgov
< ~~O" ~04/0912001 05:25 4 PM
Record Type: Record
To: John M. BridgelandI0OPD/EO
cc: Melissa MCKuIIhItOPD/EOP GibsonV%aolcom..John BeaieWrpA~a-gov, John L Howard Jr.ICEQ/Eop
Subject- Draft Materials an Climate C ange
John - I am forwarding to you draft Taterlels on clilmate change. Tom
Gibson and John Beale have revie ad these do umnts. They include:
-a 2-page summary of the findingo Dr. Jame Hansen
--a 2-page summery of the positi svews of ley domestic stakeholders
a summary of congressional ac ity. There awe two files; the first
--
('Congressional ActiviW') is a sum ayof activity sin the 107th Congress;
the second (Congressional Activity !")ncludes a iiummary of some
agriculture-related climate bills frot the I105th Congress that haven't (to
the best of our knowledge) been in, oduced in the 107th (yet) - we can
reconcile the two documents if ike -- just let 4ne know. We have also
you
shared this information with the Ste Department.
(See attached file: Hansen~doc) (See attached file:
staketicldero4oa.wpd) (See atte ed file: Congi t eslonal Actvitymwpd)
(S~ee attached file: Congressional AdUvlty 2.wpd)
P.S. We sent this afternoon appro; 15 various" urre maps" of ghg
emissions to Richard Russell at OS P.
I-Hasn-o
I saeh er49.p
It Con:ress anal Activity.wpd
Cnrssonal Activity 2wpI

2. N. 7 P.3/1e(
JUSEN0O.0175:2P
Snmmay of Dr. James Hansen's Findings
of the amount of energy
* Climate and temperature ii earth are dtenniined by the balance various processes-
through
coming in from the sun a d the amioulevn the planet
over time, the balance fA Lmates, adisreuts in a natural variation in climate and
temperature-
to shift are said to "force" a
• Events or processes that ;ause this overl energy balance
conditions. A change
change in climate - and iscan be towrswarmer or cooler represents a "positive"
that causes more energy accumulat thnleaves the earth
forcing, or Warfltflg
in the sun's brightness, which
* Examples of such climat "fattring" incud:1) a change
volcanic emuption, which can
could increase of decrea. the energy recing earth 2) a reflect sunlight back
blanket the g-lobe with sr all "white" particles - these particles and cooler
surface,
into space, shifting the bh lance to less energy at the earth
which impedes the process
conditions - a "negative 'orcing"; 3) an increase in C02, wanner conditions.
by which the earth cool sitself, leading to a "forcing' towards
* There can be a delay of) ars to decades between a "forcing" event and an observed
change in climate. This is because itk~akcs a long time to change the temperature of
rie
* the oceans, During the l ay, the earth is warming, but there is mruch less apparent
in the air temperature we encounter,
The ReadvILIRLmagt2 aCO VS. ojct er Greenhou'se Gases-and-Particles
C~z
earth's energy balanice (climate
* Hansen presents estimatt of the relative effect on the
important substance for
forcing) of avariety ofs stances. Wlhile the single most gases (methane, CFC's,
warming is C02, the corme effectjof the other greenhouse
tropospheric ozone, and rosoxid is lager than CO 2.
is not a greenhouse gas, but
a The second most impom t warming rantributor, however, warmilag the
black carbon particles (st ot). Black carbon absorbs sunlight.
atmosphere.
opposite effect, that is they cool
• Other fine particles, nota ly sulfates in nitrates, have the
cooling ("negative forcing")
the earth by reflecting S aighit back inito space. The net
by these substances is un er~in, but substantial.
diating heat from the earth's surface buck inte
The main such proces for coolit the earth is s
ral
bih int sp
ark ciiih reduces Urn amount of men
space. Cloudts and water bodiesa tually reflect
energy that stays with the ppanet-

3. ~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~NO.
175 F-.47111
3:28PM
4 L~NSEpRp.2001W: * --
climate between 1950
*Hansen sums up the ef falo hs substances in mo~dclikg these calculations,
on
and 2000. The results consistent with obscrattioflS. Based
least another half degree C temperature
Hansen estimates that w cnexpectat and particles.
increase from current Io ng of gass
Pllt
Pol n iaim: Nc o Limton th eadCoeiiflI
(no new climate controls) as
* Hansen forecasts the res ts of a "buse5 as usual' scenario
2050 and "several degrees" by 2100.
resulting itt an additiona increase of I s C by
increase by
* Healsoexainesan "l a". senaro'that would cut the ternperaturl
4 The comPonnso hs taeyae
2050 in half compared tc business as snal.
araesfor the next Sayears. This
Would
to recent
3Limit the gro tiz in COz en lissions but would not fxeze or roll back
require actiVC MeaUr S. e.g. cntPconservationl,
C0z to e.g, 1990 Iree
today are fully acbieved within
Reduce meti ie. Reductins in methane taken
Holding methae at 1990 levels offers
about a decade, imuch auicker ta far co. to that level
CO-
thesa3mCbenefits in250 as holdin
reduction aepsible for methane,
AsHnen notes, bstantial cost-effectivC save
coal i-ines. Many of these technologies
for sources such as p celime leaks and
energy and inlcrease oductivity.
scale, ozone
Stop growth i trpoph ozone and black carbon. On a global
>
pre~industrial times. Therefote, reductions
levels arc about 2 to times hihrthan (NO40,02
al scale reductions of nitrogen oxides
on this scale appear fe sible. 014 strategies.
methane and other hy rocarbon woletemain
ete combustion of fossil fuels,
-- The principal sow es of blac cabnaejnosc as wildfires and a~gricultuin
'nas"burning
such as diesels and ca] and "b sourcesaX
1
and poorly contrlol
world are reducing ozone and
-- Current and plar d progrmsin the developed
countre wud greatly improvehua
particles. Similar an ns by deelopingi The climate benefits are partially offset by
health locally and slo climate change. reductions.
pcrticle
the reduced cooling IIn "whitcP
overncaein
and air pollution controls would be
The irmediate benefits( the methne at some point in the future,
time by the continued p vi in CO Hansen stresses that
2
the growth in CO will bhc to be rvsed.
2
is aet itself a rewbnduse gass,
Ozone is ELgrecnboe gaS. he O crzed under air pollution prografIs

4. lNU. 1i' .ti
JUN SP.2.201,:L3:2S8FM
Vie of Key Domstc stakeholders
Dus~inesS and ~IudustrY
inl
skeptical of agriculture and forestry optionis
* Agriulture- Thefrarm Iurean, initially
the Kyoto Protocol, is no supportive
hrcarbon scquestraitiacpoet i epDCt
interest from the farm co uiy
the Kyoto Protocol, Ford, GM, and
DaimlerClIXysler
* Automotive - While op sad to or 2004
announced produe nTln hybrid gas and electric vehiclecs in 2003
Io
have auto
such vehicles). All three major U.S.
(H4onda and Toyota have Iedpruced SUVs by at least
nraCthe fuel economy of their
manufactuirers have also logdt hAmrcnCeiaCocl
25% by 2005.Prtcl mrcnCeia oni
* Chemical - While app e oteKooPoooth improve energy efficiency and to
supports voluntary progr snacisbymembers
reduce greenhouse gas ioS
owned
h largest association of shareholder
Utilities - The Edison lectrie nttue
gae in Climate Challenge, a voluntary
*
electric pwromaleis actively]
emnissions. FMt has opposed the
partnerhpwt O oreduction ogrehuse gas developing
amt h US economy and excludes
Kyoto Protocol because would do
proponent of flexibility mechanismns.
countries - but has also cen a laIn in EPA's voluntary programs such as
* Over 7,000 organizato is are parti, patling
Energy Star. Shell - have
D aimlierChrysler, B? Amoco, Sunoco,
* Several major corporati s - Ford, to international
61toalitlofl, a lobbying Soup opposed
withdrawn from the Gbio al Climnate organizations (e-g., the Pew Center on
actionon climat~echange Somnehave joined advocate
Council for Sustainable Energy) that
Global Climate Change~ d the Businless change.I
comprebemsive policies t iaddress climate
goals to reduce 0GH and energy emissions:
* Examples of companies, iit corpor9t 1990 levels by 2010.
- BP Amoco: redtuce gr
-nhouse gas emission! to 10% below
levels by 2002.
- Shell: reduce greenho
se gas eisions toIO% below 1990
u eby 20% pruiof production by 2005.
- Dow:, reduce energy
levels by 2010, and use
- DuPont: reduce gre ouegseisos65%/below 1990
renewable resources in I fisgoa energy use by the same year.
use 25% below 1997 levels by 2007,
- United TccbnologiC:educ ee. and water
based on sales-weighted mssions. 201 0.
emissions Io0% below '95 levels by
-World Semiconductor ouncil: rediuce PlC
NGOs. Trade Asso0ciations
and
Roads
(eg.. Greening Earth SocietyCooler
Several consurrcYrand pcicy NGOs they perceive as
are concerned about the use ofwhai
a
Coalition, Global Climat Coalition policy decisions. Genrtemly, they are
inconclusive climate sci ice as a ba s for making
gases and/or U.S. ratification of Kyoto,
opposed to regulation of crenhouse
sientific findings such as those of the
* Environmenetal groups bt ieve that international
Change (IPCC) demand a concerted
intergovernmeniftal Panel )n Climat

5. ./l
JUNSEP.20.20e13;L 3:29PMN.15
GreenPeacc#
talwithgte
respnseto ous-gS ¶issiOfls. These groups (including
favor KyatO ratificationl and the
Sierran Club dandit World e rc nt~t)generally
geenhouse gane5
of Siecea
odm deprograms to regulato
he
implementation o lmt~htCsinea
ofcenin
A numer talions prorat ongoing assessmnent arganlizations do not
These
negotiatiOns.
wel aube U.S enaeetnitrclI? the use of energy
neesall a s Upportn ra intern othKyoPrtocob. but rather
ies.Suc
alternative trenewable sources and teficint echnaonlog
enrg
conservation, Globa ClimateCaeanthiteniolCime
groups include the Pew etron
Change partnership.
cmpie
State and Lqcal Gove~rumnef
aspnstrdue greenhouse gasemsinnvtoe. a
a To date, thirty-fivChave it haveom
states
t~iatcd state-ae cinpast euegenos
TWenry-SiX States
reductions. For example. NJ
Someistates arsing rn; ket-based mrechanirms to achieve
naGH radingsfr e
teu
has established a 3.5% s1 ftwide reducongaadiswrn o e
OR. and MIA have carbon Offset rqieet
agreeflent with The Net] erlands; need.
poe o %of its total electricity
power plants; PA is Purc aging green
Reli~iOU-S -CoqMAAuft
Conference,
The Naional Rligious eIhi frthe Environmenft (U.S. Catholic
a olto
National Council of Cl isof CrSt, Evangelical EnvirnetlNtok religious and
believes that it is every citizen's moral
on Environment and Je shLife) to -protectthc health and habitat of
the
responsibility to be stew ds of God'; creation and h ceceo lmt
global warming.
global environmlent aga tthe threa, s of jfCCoclae
Stewardship questionsth
The Interfaith Council fbEnvironmen~tal than global Warming.
adpoverty are mate critical
change and believes that ickness initiatives in at least Is States to
The Interfaith Global W2 jug Campaign has local
reduce climate change'i pacts,
whieb oversee more than $100 billion
The Interfaith Center on orporate- Responsibibity,
in energy efficiency to profitably
reduce
in pension funds, Urges C ipOratiOns to invest
global warming emissio- program.
joinied EPA's voluntary Energy Star
*Over 470 congregations I ve
against the Kyoto Protocol. The
* Several labor organizatio is have tae positions treaty because of concernis related
to
AFL-CIO adopted a reso ition in Is997 opposing this Within the AFL-CIO.
its econoUCimptca ack of developing country participation,. ID January, the
the UnitedMieWr have beer~ the most active organization. the Kyoto
ors adopted a resolution opposing
international Brotherhoo of Teams of a comprehensive energy strategy
to
Protocol, calling instead 'or the dev -lopflint
ensure an adequate U.S.ney supply.

6. NO. 175 H.fC/fl
20 . 20 0 1i 3: 29fl
jULN.SEp.
Recent Proposed Legislation
Harkn
3260Conservaton ecurity Act f200 Smith ,Johnson,KfertY.
Dasehie, Leahy)
-R. ~ 55 ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~(Blacci, Berry.
Boehiert, Clayton,
ooksey, Edwards, Parr,
Hill, Hooley, Kind,
'etue ersonO Pom~'y,
hue 3Bereter. Bishop,
B5oswSel. Condit,
elahunt, Emerson,
utknecht, Hinchey.
Kaptur, Oberstar,
A wyq-~
IPhel sL.Sawor, V
o amen the
cals I ~security~ Act Of 1985 to establish the conserainscrt

7. NO. 175 P. blilo
JIJN-SEP. 20. 2002:'. 3:29PM
ome"sio Corb, 10,20
Of2000
IA:t2ooo
Food S enroll land
seques )n progr2rn
a P grant
rental p jent may not exceed $20 per acre and the SecretarY WaY mainta'm
million acres Of I n The United States in a carbon seque&ation prograrn at anY 1 time
106 the calend TA-gricultural Best 5 14,1
Grams,
Act
and T 0
als: ame N AgricUlt to improve and
e use,al and resear into best pra
AgricUltw 11 Best es Research: $5 million
Rernote S rising T $5 million
TOTAL P-12