1. www.rapid5G.eu www.rapid5G.jp
Radio Technologies for 5G using an
Advanced Photonic Infrastructure
for Dense User Environments
Andreas Stöhr and Hiroshi Murata

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RAPID‘s Vision
 In RAPID, we propose to use a centralized radio access network
(C‐RAN) architecture to support high‐capacity heterogeneous (3G,
4G and mm‐wave 5G) radio access technologies through low‐cost,
but ultra‐high‐bandwidth photonic techniques for the fibre
distribution
 To meet the requirement to transport the high‐frequency and
wide‐bandwidth wireless signals at low‐cost, a novel coherent
radio‐over‐fiber (CRoF) scheme is proposed and extremely low‐
cost (<10€) integrated SiGe mm‐wave transceivers will be
developed in RAPID.
 The radio resource management of the heterogeneous
wireline/wireless network using the developed mm‐wave 5G and
photonic technologies together with legacy 3G/4G wireless will be
demonstrated in RAPID
 The developed hardware will be tested in life‐cycle assessments
within different real life networks scenarios including a public
stadium for the Olympic Games 2020 in Japan.

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RAPID‘s Vision

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RAPID‘s Heterogeneous WDM‐CRoF Network Architecture

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RAPID‘s Ambitious Physical Layer Targets

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RAPID‘s Life‐Cycle Tests
 RAPID’s technology will be tested, e.g. by
installing a RAPID system in the the fiber‐
optic infrastructure of the Polish operator
EXATEL
 RAPID’s technology will be tested, e.g. by
installing a RAPID system demonstrator in
the newly built OSAKA stadium

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RAPID‘s European and Japanese Partners

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RAPID´s Consortium at a Glance

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RAPID´s Management Structure

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RAPID´s Execution Time Table at a Glance

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Zero‐Touch Millimeter‐Wave Small Cell BS
 RAPID partners observes the trend towards migrating the
access BS to be a small, street level device installed on
 Lamp poles
 Building sides
 Hub sites, often based on macro‐BS, are installed on roof‐tops
 Deployment scenarios are expected to change form hub &
spoke to daisy‐chain
 A future challenge is seen in the installation of so‐called ‘zero‐
touch’ configuration BS
 Automatic antenna alignment
 Automatic configuration of access BS and related backhaul

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Millimeter‐Wave Single Cell Throughput of >75 Gb/s
 Record > 75 Gb/s over > 1km Optical Fiber and 4m
Wireless
6.88
m
7.50 m
Tables
>4 m
17
cm
5 cm
RX2 RX1
TX2 TX1

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Impact of 5G on In‐Building Networks
 Major strain on mobile
networks
 Exacerbate coverage and
capacity issues inside buildings,
due to:
 High carrier frequencies
 Much smarter devices
 Will reveal major deficiencies of
current in‐building networks
 Will require multiple levels of
network integration – including:
 Wired/wireless, mixed signals
(incl. digital & analog), mixed
services, multiple transmission
protocols, multiple RATs, etc.
 Extensive network complexity
will require centralized
coordination and management
Cellular
RF from
an Operator’s
Macro
Network
Glass
Metal
Concrete &
Insulation
Major
Coverage &
Capacity
Issues ‐
inbuilding
Major
Coverage &
Capacity
Issues ‐
inbuilding
Mm‐
waves
Mm‐
waves

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RAPID‘s Centralized Radio Access Network Approach
• We see the C‐RAN paradigm as crucial for 5G to realize capacity, coverage,
throughput and energy efficiency demands, but…
• The C‐RAN for 5G (even for 4G) places enormous demands on the fiber front‐
haul.
• Use of low‐cost coherent and non‐coherent approaches for analogue and multi‐
level, ultra‐high bit‐rate digital transport
• Examining the functional split between BBU and RRH, to reduce bandwidth
demands on fronthaul – examining how this affects functionality (virtual MIMO,
beamforming weights)
• Use of ubiquitous technologies in fronthaul (e.g., Ethernet?)
• Timing/synchronisation requirements for C‐RAN transport, particularly for virtual
MIMO/CoMP
• Multiplexing strategies: compatibility with PON approaches and with
modulation/transport techniques

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Network Capacity Increase by Deep Optical Fiber
Penetration
FTTxMetropolitan
Core
Long Haul Access
cell
site
Edge
CATV
Submarine
Ultra Long Haul
Premise
Fiber‐Wireless
 Communication bottleneck = EDGE of Network
 Low # of Users demands cost‐effective solutions

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RoF Physical Physical Layer Concepts
Digital RoF (DRoF)

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Cloud RAN with Fiber between
Centralized BBU and RHH (DRoF)
17.10.2014
Fiber between BBU and remote radio head (RRH) known as Cloud RAN (CRAN).
Figure was provided by Anna Pizzinat and Philippe Chanclou from Orange Labs Networks
CPRI=Common Public
Radio Interface

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RoF Physical Physical Layer Concepts
Digital RoF (DRoF)
Analog RoF (ARoF)
Coherent RoF (CRoF)

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27 Gb/s ARoF 16‐QAM‐OFDM
60 GHz Wireless Transmission System
17.10.2014 www.uni‐due.de
M. Weiß, A. Stöhr, F. Lecoche, B. Charbonnier, 27 Gbit/s Photonic Wireless 60 GHz Transmission System using 16‐QAM
OFDM, International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, MWP 2009, October 14‐16, Valencia, Spain, ISBN: 978‐1‐
4244‐4788‐6, 2009, (post deadline paper)

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RoF Physical Physical Layer Concepts
Digital RoF (DRoF)
Analog RoF (ARoF)
Coherent RoF (CRoF)

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Proposed System Concept based on CRoF

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PtP Millimeter‐Wave Wireless Access for >2.7 km Distance

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New Beam Forming EO Modulator (OSAKA Univ.)