1. Thesis
"research is, simply, the systematic
search for pertinent information on a
specific topic or problem.

2. THE TITLE
1. It is formatedat the begining of the
study. It may be revised and refined if
needed.
2. The title must contain the subject,
locale, period and population of the
study.

3. THE TITLE
3. It should indicate what is what is
expected to be found inside the thesis
report.
4. It must be brief and concise as
possible.
5. Avoid using the terms "An Analysis
of," An Investigation of" and the like.

4. 6. Must be written like an inverted pyramid, all
words in capital letters.
Example: Complete title:
THE TEACHING OF SCIENCE IN THE HIGH
SCHOOLS OF PROVINCE A AS PERCEIVED BY THE
SCIENCE TEACHERS AND STUDENTS DURING
THE SCHOOL YEAR 2014-2015
Example: Brief and concise.
THE TEACHING OF SCIENCE IN THE HIGH
SCHOOLS OF PROVINCE A

5. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1. The general statement of the problem and
the specific sub-problems or questions should
be formulated first before conducting a
research.
2. State specific subproblems in the
interrogative form. Hence, subproblems are
called specific questions.
3. Each specific question must be clear and
unequivocal, that is, it has only one meaning. It
must not have dual meanings.

6. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
4. Each specific question is researchable apart
from the other questions.
5. Each specific questions must be based upon
known facts and phenomena.
6. Answers to each specific question must
contribute to the development of the whole
research problem or topic.
7. Answers to each specific question must
contribute to the development of the whole
research problem or topic.

7. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
8. Summing up the answer to all the specific
questions will give a conplete development of
the entire study.
9. The number of specific questions should be
enough to cover the development of the whole
research problem or study.
10. Before writing down the specific questions,
determine first different aspects of the research
problem to be studied and then for each aspect

8. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
make one specific question with subquestionss
if there is a need. If the research topic is the
teacing of science the different aspects may be
the following;
a. Qualifications of the teachers, especially
education.
b. Methods and strategies of teaching.
c. Facilities available
d. Comparison between the perceptions of the
teachers and students.

9. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
10. Generally, there should be a general
statement of the problem and then this should
be broken up into as many subproblems or
specific questions as necessary. Example: This
study was conducted to investigate all aspects
of the teaching of science in the high schools of
Province A during the school year 2014-2015 as
perceived by the science teachers and students.
Specifically, the study attempted to answer the
fillowing questions:

10. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
a. How qualified are the teachers handling
science in the high schools of Province A?
b. How effective are the methods and strategies
used by the teachers in teaching science?
c. How adequate are the instructional as well as
the non-instructional facilities for the teaching
of science?
d. What problems are being encountered by the
teachers of science.

11. HOW TO WRITE CHAPTER 1
A. The Introduction
1. Presentation of the problem.
2. The existence of an unsatisfactory condition,
a felt problem that needs a solution.
3. Rationale of the study.
4. Historical background of the problem.
5. A desire to have a deeper and clearer
understanding of a sutuation, circumstances, or
phenomenom.

12. HOW TO WRITE CHAPTER 1
6. A desire to find a better way of doing
something or of improving a product.
7. A desire to discover something.
8. Geographical conditions of the study locale.
9. A link between the introduction and the
statement of the problem.

13. HOW TO WRITE CHAPTER 1
B. Statement of the Problem
C. Importance of the Study
1. The rationale, timeliness, and/or relevance of
the study.
2. Possible solutions to existing problems or
improvement to unsatisfactory conditions.
3. Who are to be benefitted and how they are
going to be benefitted.
4. Possible contribution to the fund of
knowledge.

14. HOW TO WRITE CHAPTER 1
D. Definitions of Terms
1. Only terms, words, or phrases which have
special or uique meanings in the study are
defined.
2. Terms should be defined operationally, that
is, how they are used in the study.
3. The researcher may develop his own
definition from the characteristics of the term
defined.
4. Definitions may be taken from encyclopedia,
books, magazine and news paper.

15. HOW TO WRITE CHAPTER 1
5. Definitions should be as brief, clear, and
uniquivocal as possible.
6. Acronyms should always be spelled out fully
especially if it is not commonly known or if it is
used for the first time.

16. HOW TO WRITE CHAPTER 1
E. Scope and Delimitations of the Study
1. A brief statement of the general purpose of
the study.
2. The subject matter and topics studied and
discussed.
3. The locale of the study, where the data were
gathered or the entity to which the data belong.
4. The population from which the respondents
were selected.
5. The period of the study.
6. Limitations of the study include the

17. HOW TO WRITE CHAPTER 1
F. Conceptual Framework
It is the focus, the main thrust of the study. It
serves as a guide in conducting the
investigation.INPUTS
Qualified teachers
Effective Methods
Adequate facilities
Adequate
superisory
assistance
PROCESS
Science
Instructional
Program
OUTPUTS
Superior science
Knowledge
and
Skills
of
students

18. HOW TO WRITE CHAPTER 1
G. Paradigm of the study
Quaified teachers
Adequate facilities
Effective methods
Adequate
supervisory
Assistance
Science Instructional
Program
Superior science
Knowledge and
Skills of students.

19. HOW TO WRITE CHAPTER 2
RELATED LITERATUREAND STUDIES
1. The materials must be as recent as possible.
2. Materials must be as objective and unbiased
as possible.
3. Materials must be relevant to the study.
4. Materials must not be too few but not too
many.

20. How To Write Chapter 3
A. Method of Research
Method of research used whether historical,
descriptive or experimental should be explained
briefly.
Example: Suppose the descriptive method of
research was used in the study of the Influence of
Social Status and Economic Background on the
Work Ethics Among Employees of Quezon City
Hall Across Two Age Groups.

21. How to write Chapter 3
Actual: The descriptive method of research was
used in this study. Descriptive method of
research is a fact-finding study with adequate
and accurate interpretation of the findings. It
describes with emphasis what actually exist such
as current conditions, practices, situations, or any
phenomena. Since the present study was
concerned with the influence of the social status
and economic background on the work ethics of
the Quezon City Hall employees across two age
group, the descriptive method of research was
the most appropriate method to use.

22. How to write Chapter 3
B. Questionnaire
After reading and studying samples of
questionnaire from related studies, the
researcher prepared his own questionnaire.
The researcher saw to it that there were
enough items to collect data to cover all
aspects of the problem and to answer all the
specific questions under the statement of the
problem.

23. Questionnaire
Example: The format to be used in the
construction of the questionnaire will be in a
form of guided response type. The questions
will solicit the intensified of feeling, emotion
and attitude of the respondents. Moreover
the questionnaire will solicit the degree of
judgment of the respondents.

24. How to write Chapter 3
C. Preparation
Make sure that there were enough items to
collect data to cover all aspects of the
problem and to answer all the specific
questions under the statement of the
problem. Then submit it to your adviser for
correction after which it was finalized.

25. Preparation
Example: The content of the questionnaire was
formulated by considering the proper
construction of questions. The content was
precise and brief so that the respondent can
easily answer it.

26. How to write Chapter 3
D. Validation
For validation purposes, the questionnaire
should be given to few respondent for them
to fill up. If the respondents have understood
and answered all questions we can say its
valid if not revise the question for more
clarity.

27. Validition
Example: The questions were formulated by the
researcher and were presented to the
respondent. A test will be done first to test
the validity of the questionnaire likewise if
failed some revisions will be done.

28. How to write Chapter 3
E. Administration and Retrieval
The copies of the questionnaire were then
distributed personally by the researcher to
the respondents. After a few days, all the
copies distributed were retrieved also
personally by the researcher.

29. Administration and Retrieval
Example: The questionnaire will be
administered to the employees of Quezon City
Hall. A formal letter of request will be sent to
the respondent in the upper class and middle
class level seeking the permission to allow the
researcher to conduct a survey. (elaborate)

30. How to write Chapter 3
F. Documentary Analysis
Checked if all questions were answered
properly. If some questions were not
answered you have to go back to the
respondent and facilitate again the survey.

31. Documentary Analysis
Example: The data gathered will be checked and
treated using statistical method. The answer
of the respondents will be checked to see if all
questions are properly answered.

32. How to write Chapter 3
F. Sampling design
Before the collection of data starts in any
research project, the proportion of the
population must be determined. The researcher
should write about the complete procedure he
used in determining his sample. Among the
things that he should explain were; size of the
population, study of population, margin of error,
proportion of the population used, type or
technique of sampling used, actual computation
of sample and the sample.

33. Sampling Design
Example: This paper will use the pure random
sampling. The sampling involves the selection
of the respondents by writing their names on
the paper and pick it based on the number of
percentage determined by this study. The size
of sampling was identified using specific
formula.

34. How to write Chapter 3
G. Treatment of data
The kind of statistical treatment depends
upon the nature of the problem, especially
the specific problems, and the nature of the
data gathered.

35. Treatment of Data
Example: To determine the statistical data this
study will use sample variance and sample
standard deviation. There is also a need to
measure the central tendency of the data
given by the respondents.