This document discusses theories of leadership and leadership styles that support public leadership. It analyzes strengths-based leadership theory and servant leadership theory as applicable to public leadership. It also examines democratic and affiliative leadership styles and how they favor public leadership objectives of engaging people and promoting community. The document then discusses differences between leaders in public, private, and non-profit sectors and whether leadership is innate or can be learned.

1. Running Head: LEADERSHIP
1
LEADERSHIP
6
Theories of Leadership
PAD 515
1. Determine two (2) leadership theories and two (2) leadership
styles that support the definition of a public leader. Provide a
rationale for your response.
Public leadership is defined as a position where a person
directly guides or serves the public or a community or holds a
public rank or position. They should have great communication
and motivation skills so that they can inspire people and
directly communicate with them in a way that people can share
their concerns and interest. Public leaders should have
resilience as a personality trait along with the tolerance level.
They also should have the quality of thinking and analyzing
critically and should have the capacity to work under pressure
so that they can work according to the demand of the public,
even in case of emergencies. Leading an organization is

2. different than leading the public directly because leaders should
have a place in the heart of the public to influence them and he
should be liked among people for the smooth functioning of the
society.
According to the strength-based leadership theory, leaders focus
on the strength of people that they are leading and help them to
increase their productivity, efficiency, and success by
strengthening their positive points. According to this theory,
leaders believe that people have great potential to grow and
they can achieve that by strengthening their positive points.
They do not focus on weaknesses (Reis et al., 2020). It means
that leaders motivate and support people by strengthening them.
This theory supports the definition of public leadership because
in that, leaders also directly support and motivate people to
believe in themselves and participate in public welfare.
According to servant leadership, the main objective of leaders is
to serve the public or his employees. They focus on increasing
the strength of their organization, rather than just personal
strength or position. They listen to people and engage them in
productive tasks which also reflect the main criteria of the
public leadership where leaders have to connect to them. They
engage people in productive tasks and help them to grow. The
main focus of public leadership is the growth and development
of society which in return strengthens his position.
There are seven basic leadership styles. The styles which favor
the public leadership objective are the democratic style of
leadership and the affiliative style of leadership (Anderson &
Sun, 2017). According to a democratic style of leadership, the
decision-making process is finalized by taking opinions of all
the stakeholders that are getting affected by the decision, and at
the same time, it encourages the participation of all
stakeholders. Public leadership also favors the same design
because they urge the public to participate and show their
interests that favor the public interests and their welfare. They
engage people in productive activities. According to the
affiliative style, the major focus of leaders is on promoting

3. harmony among the team or followers and they try to remove
differences among their public. They also make sure that all
people or followers are connected and have harmonious
relationships. A similar style is observed in public leadership
where they want to connect people. They also engage people in
a collective and integrated community, in this way; they can
ensure the collective growth of the public which is the main
goal of public offices.
2. What are the differences, if any, between successful leaders
in public, private, and non-profit organizations? Cite
experiences and research to support your assertions.
The basic quality that all the successful leaders have is the
honesty and the ability to influence people. People take
inspiration from successful leaders and they do not have to rule
over people, instead, people let them guide them. They also
exhibit great communication qualities and confidence to show
passion and commitment and inspire people through their
integrity and honesty. Public leaders inspire people and connect
them to form the collective community and their major focus is
on the long-term benefits of the society. They do not work
based on achieving short term goals, rather they focus on the
long-term benefits and advantages of society. On the other
hand, private leaders focus on achieving the short-term benefits
by winning the short-term goals. Public leaders focus on
building trust along with controlling the large public, on the
other hand, private leaders majorly focus on building trust
among their team because it is in their best interest. Public
leaders focus on setting a thoughtful approach towards their
goal with a less optimistic mind because they cannot expect
success right away, on the other hand, private leaders adopt the
approach that can help them to achieve results in short term and
they work with a more optimistic approach (Haraguchi &
Matsumura, 2019). Private leadership provides young leaders
with an approach to learn, however in public leadership,
experienced people generate more positive results. In a
nonprofit organization, leaders need to have quick decision-

4. making power that is a common trait with private leadership as
well. They manage and lead the team for developing positive
outcomes and their approach is in blend with the qualities of
public and private leadership. The leaders in a nonprofit
organization, however, have more responsibility and power
because it is a voluntary sector where both paid and unpaid
people work. They have to motivate them like in the public
sector but they want to achieve results like in the private sector
for quick and better results (Renz, 2016). It is observed in
public departments that leaders want to connect directly with
people by motivating them which is also seen in nonprofit
leadership but nonprofit leadership, quick results are expected
just like in private leadership. In private organizations,
leadership develops trust among the team which is also a shared
quality of every kind of leadership.
3. Some think leadership is a born ability. Some think
leadership can be learned. Some think leadership is a product of
a need or challenge. What do you think? Cite experiences and
research to support your assertions.
There has been a lot of research and theories surrounding the
question that if leaders are born or made. Born leaders are
indeed more natural and they have a natural capacity of
motivating and influencing other people. Their leadership can
be more effective if they polish their skills because leadership
can be taught through the process of practice and focusing on
improving personal traits. The world has seen both born leaders
and made leaders and made leaders are the ones who through
practice and effective efforts make their way to the top. They
focus on improving their abilities through hard work,
intelligence, commitment, experience, dedication, skills, and
qualities that set them apart from other people. Even if someone
is born a leader but does not have the above-mentioned
qualities, he will not be able to exhibit his leadership qualities
to the full extent. Leaders can be made with time through the
commitment and dedication to serving others. The basic quality
of leaders is to inspire others and through hard work and

5. continuous efforts, anyone can acquire the traits to inspire and
inflame others. Leaders are the ones who can help people to
learn and get inspiration in particular fields. The born leaders
are natural and do not have to work as hard as the ones who are
made leaders but it is also true that the ones who have worked
hard to achieve something, they stick to it and they show more
positive results. It is hard to argue that which leadership
exhibits more positive qualities but it is true that both kinds of
leadership can be effective if leaders exhibit the qualities of
hard work, intelligence, commitment, experience, and
dedication. Leadership is an art that can be learned as well if an
individual exhibit all the other qualities and are at the right
place at the right time.
References
Anderson, M. H., & Sun, P. Y. (2017). Reviewing leadership
styles: Overlaps and the need for a new
‘full‐range’theory. International Journal of Management
Reviews, 19(1), 76-96.
Reis Neto, M. T., Avelar Ferreira, C. A., & de Araújo, R. N.
(2020). Leadership theories and individual performance. Revista
científica Pensamiento y Gestión, 47(47).
Haraguchi, J., & Matsumura, T. (2019). Endogenous Public and
Private Leadership with Diverging Social and Private Marginal
Costs.
Renz, D. O. (2016). The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit
leadership and management. John Wiley & Sons.
Running head: PUBLIC LEADERSHIP AND DIVERSITY
PUBLIC LEADERSHIP AND DIVERSITY
1
Public Leadership and Diversity

6. PAD 515
May 16, 2020
(Revision)
Role of Public Leadership
Leadership is about giving a direction to the entity in which
people and other forms of resources collaborate for a certain
purpose. Public organizations aimed at delivering public goods
and services; require public leadership that can bring a positive
change, reformation, and innovation in their services.
Organizational challenges are already enormous due to the large
size of the workforce within state-controlled organizations. One
of the interesting features of modern organizational challenges
that state-controlled organizations face pertains to the rapidly
changing sociopolitical environment. Leadership role in dealing
with such challenges and with all the complexities refers to
public leadership. Unlike any corporate organizations where the
hierarchical structure provides leadership role to multiple
individuals i.e. CEO, President, or Executive Director at the top
of the hierarchy, and duties are assigned as per their role, the
public leadership is about coordination between multiple leaders
for a certain issue or challenge. For example, passing a bill on
safe driving requires coordinated efforts on part of various
departments that includes pressure groups, national and local
politicians, police, government ministries, local government
officials, and civil servants. Public leadership aims for
understanding and acting in the best interest of the public, and
the ability of solving the problem comes with understanding the
problem. Problem identification and providing remedy can be
performed effectively if it is analyzed with the lens of ‘public
interest’. The basic aim of public leadership is to ensure the
interest of the public in the long-term and not just short term
because they focus on making a better place for the public. The
factor of motivation in servicing as a public servant comes with
higher moral values that include thinking about the public

7. interest, and ensuring long-term benefits to the society while
delivering public goods and services.
The public managers and professional public leadership work at
the local and national level with delegated authority from the
elected representatives. They carry out activities on behalf of
the government and unlike private organizations, the
organizations they are serving cannot change their ‘markets’ or
fundamental purpose. There exist two distinct approaches to
leadership within public administration, that is, traditional and
non-traditional leadership (Sanchez, Thornton & Usinger,
2008). The traditional approach provides little room for
independence to work and the public servants are supposed to
deliver on behalf of their respective elected politicians. The
decision of defining public interest lies solely with politicians
and the other two crucial pillars; policy-making and
implementation are performed by policymakers and public
servants, respectively. The problems facing public leadership
are diverse and often contain ethical dilemmas. First, an ethical
dilemma is the carrying out of orders that the politicians pass
which might not reflect the personal choices of a public servant.
If there is some problem with the orders of politicians, carrying
out those orders can have personal and societal implications.
For example, Guy Adams (2014) explains the incidents of the
holocaust and the way they were carried out by public servants
as per their duty obligations (Sanchez, Thornton & Usinger,
2008). Henceforth, public interest and ethics are central to the
public servant's jobs, and effective public leadership requires
taking ethical responsibility of raising concern within the
workplace environment, as they are the first in a line of
implementation. Secondly, there also exists a contradictory wish
that places public servants with choices and making choices that
yield optimum results are difficult ethical decisions. For
example, when a social worker sends a child to foster family
due to neglect on part of the child’s parents, there is another
alternative available and that is the improvement in parenting. It

8. is a difficult choice to make as it can backfire if improving the
parenting turns out to be not effective, or sending away the
child results can result in depriving the family of their union
(Eagly & Chin, 2010). In such a case, effective public
leadership has to understand the root causes of the problem and
provide a suitable remedy. These remedy ranges from
counseling to sort out financial troubles that the parents are
facing which end up neglect on part of parents.
Gender Roles in Public Leadership
Gender plays a significant role in defining leadership styles.
The personality traits i.e. social and personal characteristics of
both males and females are reflected through their leadership.
In general, it has been found out that men, being authoritative
leaders, orders, or provides direct directions to their employees
in comparison to the females who provide encouragement and
motivation to find the right direction. A female public leader
has more of a participative style of leadership and encompasses
the traits of transformational leadership in general.
Stereotypical understanding of leadership exists due to the
traditional role of men as leaders, though their style of
leadership is more of authoritarian nature. Females are
appreciative and encouraging towards the young lot, as
compared to the male leaders. They are more efficient at work,
and can multi-task without creating stress because in general,
women are supposed to handle different kinds of work at one
moment. Lastly, they do not escape from hard work with
disregard to factors like creativity and innovation, etc. One
cannot completely make a statement about male and female
leadership, being better than one another. In reality, both males
and females can be effective leaders but their motivation comes
from different factors. Among the public leaders, the most
significant male leader in recent history is the Martin Luther
King Jr. who changed the life of the African Americans in the
United States of America. He held peaceful protests but he

9. made sure that everyone can hear his voice. He had intelligence,
self-determination, and confidence by which he made his way to
the top and made his place in the hearts of the public. He used
the blend of transformational and authoritative leadership styles
to spread his message. The famous 20th-century female leader
was the Martha W. Griffiths who spoke up openly for the rights
of women and include their cause in the civil rights movement.
She was headstrong and had influencing power by which she
made her way in politics, the world of male leaders. She was the
epitome of the female leadership having courage and
compassion for her people. She was an inspirational leader for
women of that era and years to come. She used a democratic and
transformational leadership style to address the problems of
women and gender bias in the 20th century.
Gender Diversity in Public Leadership
Male and females both have their defining characteristics which
influence their way of maintaining people or organizations.
Both kinds of leadership are necessary for effective functioning
and considering that there have been an increasing number of
females’ in different fields of life who reach to the position of
executive or leaders. My experience of working with a female
leader at the workplace can be explained through the
constructivist approach, as there are multiple factors which
influence their leadership style. For one thing, their behavior
towards young males and females is always positive and of
concern, and it is due to the repute they want to secure for
women as a good and effective leader. I have worked both with
male and female bosses and both of them have their positive
aspects. Females believe in direct connection with the
employees but males tend to be more involved with the work-
related aspects of the relationship. One basic element of
‘courage’ to remove personal biases in pursuing goals that are
in the best public interest is central to public leadership. On the
contrary, if personal agendas are at the top of shelve, or a

10. public leader lacks the courage to channelize public as per
public interest, the resulting impact is an ineffective public
leader. It is common to both males and females and it depends
on the effectiveness of the leadership. As a weakness, lack of
ability to manage effective collaboration and communication
between various stakeholders, or parties to the issue, becomes a
weakness of public leaders. A Public Leader needs to take into
account the communication skills for effective cooperation and
collaboration amongst various parties to the issue. Both male
and female leaderships have the same basic roles but they
choose directions according to their traits.
Social and Governmental Changes in the 1990s
The events occurring in the 1990s owes a great deal to the
international political transformation from bi-polar to the
unipolar world with the end of cold-war politics. Within South
African politics, figures like F. W. de Klerk, Desmond Tutu,
and Nelson Mandela rose to power and took a significantly
different turn in world history by negotiating peace, and
avoiding civil war (MacKinnon, 2020). The alliance of Klerk
and Mandela is the end of the apartheid system, and the
introduction of a universal suffrage system that ends racial
segregation, and White-minority rule. To avoid racial civil war,
Klerk released Mandela from prison who was imprisoned for a
lifetime and had already spent twenty-seven years in prison by
the time. His efforts of permitting anti-apartheid marches,
legalization of banned anti-apartheid political parties,
dismantling the nuclear weapons program of South Africa, and
freeing imprisoned anti-apartheid prison are well known.
Mandela, on the other hand, also proved himself an effective
public leader that managed to win the 1994 elections and
became the first Black President, and first democratically
elected Black President of South Africa. Mandela collaborated
with White-minority after making a political alliance with Klerk
forming the Government of National Unity (MacKinnon, 2020).

11. Klerk became ANC-led coalition’s Deputy President and
pursued liberal economic policies. Mandela with socialist and
Marxist economic ideologies pursued the liberal economic
policies as measures after keeping in view ‘public interest. ’ De
Klerk opposed the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and
desired total amnesty for the crimes committed under the
apartheid system.
The relationship between Mandela and Klerk strained over time,
but the relationship was political in nature and they never
sacrificed ‘public interest’ due to personal conflicting views on
issues. Apart from Mandela’s pursuing liberal economic
policies, issues like land reforms and poverty eradication were
top on the political and economic agenda. Along with the
promulgation of a new constitution by Klerk & Mandela,
Mandela created a commission to investigate past human rights
abuses committed by anti and pro-apartheid, and chaired by
Desmond Tutu. Tutu remained a prominent figure from the
African continent, especially the preaching and advocacy issues
that raised applause and concerns from almost every corner of
the society. He emerged as an anti-apartheid activist, and most
prominent of South Africa, after assuming the role as Bishop of
Lesotho (Kokobili, 2019). His efforts to dismantle the apartheid
system of white-minority rule and racial segregation are
remarkable, and he rose to prominence after becoming general-
secretary of the South African Council of Churches. His efforts
of the introduction of women priests, campaigning for gay
rights, Israel-Palestine conflict, opposition to the Iraq War, and
criticism of Jacob Zuma and Thabo Mbeki’s regime (Schwella,
2013) are well known among a wide range of subjects. The
unique feature of the three prominent figures is the element of
courage to face criticism because they felt something is in the
public interest, along with advocating for public reforms that
benefited the society. There self-less journey and goodwill
earned them repute globally and two of the figures won Noble
Peace Prize.

12. Personal Reflection as a Public Leader
Personal strengths and weaknesses play a vital role in ensuring
the success of public leadership in delivering goods and
services that are in the best interest of the public at large. I
believe that I have the power of persuasion and encouragement
by which I can motivate my employees on a personal level but
one weakness which I have is the lack of experience in public
speaking, which I aim to improve with time. The encouragement
and motivation can influence people and in this way, leaders
can translate their motivation and goals to reality with the help
of employees but by public speaking, one can easily
communicate to larger audience and influence people in less
time.
References
Eagly, A. H., & Chin, J. L. (2010). Diversity and leadership in a
changing world. American psychologist, 65(3), 216.
Kokobili, A. (2019). An Insight on Archbishop Desmond Tutu’s
Struggle Against Apartheid in South Africa.
MacKinnon, A. S. (2020). Nelson Mandela: A Reference Guide
to His Life and Works. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Sanchez, J., Thornton, B., & Usinger, J. (2008). Promoting
Diversity in Public Education Leadership. International Journal
of Educational Leadership Preparation, 3(3), n3.
Schwella, E. (2013). Bad public leadership in South Africa: the
Jackie Selebi case. Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of
Military Studies, 41(1).
Running Head: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

13. 1
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
11
Public Administration Assignment
PAD 515
31 May 2020
Contents
Introduction 2
Main Body 2
The rationale for Dealing with Scenarios 1 and 2 as a Chief of
Staff 2
Beneficial Leadership Theory and Public Leadership Styles for
the Changes in Policies and Practices for the School Board 4
The Impact of Leadership of Various Government Departments
on the Leadership of the City Manager 6
Leading Local Government Unit 7
Conclusion 8
References 9

14. Introduction
Effective Public administration requires the collaboration of
different stakeholders ranging from the chief executive and
mayor to the smallest unit of the sub-departments of the
government. But the most significant role is played by the
leadership of the different departments. The responsibility of
the Chief of staff is to develop a smooth connection between the
reporting team of the Chief executive and the Chief executive
himself. The chief of staff has to deal with the problems that are
brought to them by the reporting team in his or her area. As a
Chief of staff, my first duty is to solve the problems present at
the moment and to mediate any kind of disputes within the
community in collaboration with the leadership of different
governmental departments. In this assignment, I, as a Chief of
Staff, will provide a rationale for solving the problems of
different governmental departments through the lens of their
leadership. The Rationale for Dealing with Scenarios 1 and 2 as
a Chief of Staff
In the health department administration, all the department
chiefs come under the jurisdiction of the Chief of staff so they
direction for improvement is provided by the Chief of staff to
solve the problems under consideration. The health department
in the city is having problems with leadership. The stakeholders
complain about the unprofessional nature of the leadership in
the department that is why the first step is to either change the
leadership or provide training in the form of leadership
conferences or seminars. The second problem is the use of
unethical practices in the hospital and that is why there is a
need to establish strict SOPs in the hospitals and strong
leadership has to ensure that everyone follows the procedure
and directions set by the leadership. There are an insufficient
customer and patient care and for that purpose, there is a need
to increase the budget of the healthcare department so that

15. newly trained and professional staff can be hired to cater to the
needs of the patients and customers. The emergency and fire
response time are also reported to be poor and for that purpose,
training and guidance will be provided to the staff of the
emergency department along with conducting emergency drills.
One of the major issues that the department is facing is the
inability to rightly implement the change in the department
because of the conflictual environment within the staff of the
department. The reforms are needed in fire and emergency
management, social services, and human services and for that
purpose, the first step is to change the leadership of the
department (Boyne, 2003).
The educational department has also found to be working
ineffectively with the school board. The School board has to
work in a collaborative manner with the governmental
department i.e. educational department of the government.
School Board has recently filed the complaint of the inability of
the department directors with work with the School Board or in
any way, collaborates with it. They did not meet the federal
mandates, especially in the context of the issues related to the
new policy. According to the new policy, they had to reconsider
the leadership of various departments according to the needs of
these departments i.e. the State Department of Education, the
Department of Redevelopment and Housing, and the State
Department of Housing and Urban Development. The leadership
of the secondary school wanted to get the data from the Juvenile
relationship department to make changes in student retention
and in improving the performance of the students in school. At
the same time, they aimed at increasing the graduation rates in
secondary school by making the necessary changes. Instead, the
leadership of the Department of Juvenile Relations failed to
provide the data is given time and therefore, it created
hindrance in the working of the educational department. The
academic leadership had to suffer because of the slow timing
and inefficiency and negligence of other departments. The
governmental departments are connected to each other and

16. therefore, they need each other in smooth working and for that
purpose, there is a need to established effective communication
between the leadership of different departments so that they can
work with each other. As chief of staff, the first step I would
take is to change the leadership of the departments or to provide
proper and effective training. Beneficial Leadership Theory and
Public Leadership Styles for the Changes in Policies and
Practices for the School Board
The first step is to change the leadership altogether or to change
the leadership style, depending on the damage done by the
leaderships. First of all, there will be meetings with the leaders
of different departments along with the policymakers, local
government, and the chief executive. If the leadership of
different departments is willing to work with the changes then
proper leadership seminars and training programs will be
conducted to make necessary changes and provide motivation
but if they are resistant to the changes then there will be a
change in the leadership altogether because seeing the situation,
it is a most necessary step. Leadership influence the staff and
employees get motivation from them, therefore, the most
essential aspect is to work on the leadership of the department.
The practices and policies can only be changed by changing the
leadership.
In addressing the issues of the School Board, a transformational
leader is required because they inspire the employees to work
effectively, instead of giving direct orders. The transformational
leadership theory states that leadership of a certain organization
should work together with the team to pinpoint the issues which
need evolution and change. In this way, along with the help of
the department, they create the vision by which they inspire the
employees to work in that particular direction (Dionne et al.,
2004). In this kind of leadership, the change is brought up by
the committed members of the department. In the School Board,
the transformational leadership first gathers all the stakeholders
of the department and list down the issues and then work
together with them to solve these issues. According to the

17. transformational leadership theory, a leader is powerful enough
to make the changes happen i.e. they will effectively
communicate with the leadership of other departments to make
necessary changes for the betterment of the educational
department.
The leadership styles that would generate beneficial results for
making a necessary change in the education department will be
the Coaching leadership style and strategic leadership style.
According to the coaching leadership style, leaders do not
directly order the employees or make employees work according
to their own vision; rather they influence the staff members to
develop the best results for the department (Berg & Karlsen,
2016). In this scenario, leadership will guide the employees in
the department to work together towards the positive change.
According to the strategic leadership style, the development of
the strategy is the first step towards making a change (Vera &
Crossan, 2004). There should be a strategy for managing the
department and the employees. In this leadership style, there are
thick chances of influencing the staff and members to work for
organizational change. In solving the issues of the School
Board, the leadership of the education department will first
change the departmental structure according to the needs and
then reallocate the budget and resources according to their
strategy. Such leadership also translates their vision into reality.
In this way, leadership will also be able to collaborate with
other departments. The coaching-style leadership will help the
school board to make necessary changes within their own
department and the strategic and transformational side of
leadership will be beneficial for making changes in different
departments’ approach towards them. They will have to work
with the school board because of the strong and influential
leadership. The Impact of Leadership of Various Government
Departments on the Leadership of the City Manager
The city manager is the administrative manager of the city and
sometimes also known as the chief executive officer and chief
administrative officer. The major responsibility of the city

18. manager is to meet the several departmental heads ad chiefs of
different departments to first identify the problems and then
solve these issues. They make suggestions and recommendations
to the city leaders and the mayors of the city. They also handle
the budgets, project costs, and the needs and requirements of
different departments and projects (Kearney et al., 2000). The
city manager carries out all the operations and functioning of
the city government and handles everything including finances
and resources related to it. But the city manager can only carry
out his responsibly and operations effectively if he gets enough
support from the chiefs and heads of the different departments.
The city manager, along with the chief of staff and local
members of the government, meet up with the leadership of
different departments and pinpoint the issues in different
departments. They, then work together towards solving the
problems. The leadership of different departments needs to
effectively work with the city manager to bring real change in
the community. For example, the leadership of the department
of the public health will first identify the issues of his
department along with the subordinates of his own department
and then brings up those issues to the city manager so that he
can provide enough budget and resources to the public health
department so that they can make necessary changes. In this
way, the whole functioning of the operations under the city
manager depends on the effectiveness of the leadership of
different departments. If they are responsible enough, they will
provide the right picture to the city manager, therefore the
leadership of different departments directly affects the
operations under the city managers.
The leadership of different departments i.e. the Department of
Public Health, the School Board, and the various other
government departments has a direct relationship with the
effectiveness of the leadership of the city manager. The
transformational and strategic style of the leadership of the city
manager cannot alone change the fate of the city if other leaders
of different departments are ready to change the functioning and

19. operations of their departments. In this way, the governmental
operations work by the coordination and collaborative efforts of
the leadership of different departments. The city manager makes
a city to work as a unit and they plan, direct, and oversee the
operations of each department. They need to be trustworthy,
approachable, respectable, and ethical and have the integrity to
carry out the functioning with honesty. Leading Local
Government Unit
The local government unit is the integration of different
administrative units in the small geographical area whose fiscal,
legislative and executive authority is conducted by the city
manager and the chief of staff, along with the heads of different
departments. Under the current circumstances, as a Chief of
staff, I would first want to change or influence the leadership of
different departments to be effective and also to communicate
with each other in an effective manner to carry out smooth
functioning. The local government as a unit can only move
forward if different sub-units of the government can work
together and in collaboration. Therefore, I would provide the
most attention to effective communication among different
departments of the city and to make the leadership of different
departments strong. Secondly, the budget will be reallocated
according to the needs and requirements of different
departments and to conduct training programs for the employees
and staff of the public service departments. The leadership
always influences the people they are working with, therefore, I
will lead the example by listening to the concerns and issues of
different departments, not only from their leadership but also
from staff so that issues and problems of grass root level can be
solved effectively. Effective leadership is the prerequisite for
changing the fate of the department and for that purpose; my
priority will be to introduce the transformational and strategic
leadership style among the leaders of various departments and
sub-units of the government. A city or a governmental unit
should develop a sense of community and home for the citizens
where they can raise their voices and express their concerns

20. about anything. Conclusion
Under the light of the above discussion, it is deduced that
effective and influential leadership is the prerequisite to provide
effective public administration to any governmental unit. Apart
from that, the collaboration between the leadership of different
departments is the second step towards conducting effective
functioning and operation of different governmental
departments. Different public departments can only work
effectively if they have the right communication and can get
support from other departments because governmental
departments work under one unit. A unit can only work in an
effective manner if there are communication and collaboration
within its subunits. For that purpose, the leadership of different
departments should work together. As chief of staff, I would
promote the collaboration within different departments and
therefore, I would introduce the changes in the leadership staff
of different departments to take necessary steps under the
current scenario to conduct the training programs and seminars
for the employees to provide best public services to the citizens
of the city.
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