course material

1. Alcoholics and Liver Transplantation
Alcoholics and Liver TransplantationYou need to write three papers for the course. Each
paper should be 4-6 pages long (double spaced) and should be word processed. Do not
write more than one paper on the same course unit. Each paper should be on a different
unit from the previous one, so when you aredone you should have written three papers on
three different course units.All quotations and paraphrases should be referenced, including
any information you found online. You may use any standard referencing technique.For
each paper, do the following two things:1. Describe and explain the views of one of the
authors whose article was assigned for the course.2. Critically assess the author’ s views.
(Point out the strong and weak points of the author’ s views. For further information about
this, see “ Critical Assessment.” ) Note: you should spend about half the paper on critical
assessment.Note #1: Make sure you write about an article listed in the course readings. It
should be one by an author other than Munson (the editor of the book). Do not write on a
case study or the general information in each chapter. So, for example, for the unit on Organ
Transplants and Scarce Medical Resources you could write on the articles by Cohen, Spital
and Erin, or Annas.Note #2: This paper will generally be better if you pick an author you
disagree with (at least partially) to write on. Papers in which you agree strongly with an
author’ s view tend to spend too much time repeating what an author says rather than
analyzing it. Avoid writing on an author you completely agree with unless you have lots of
new evidence or support for the author’ s views.How to Write a Thesis StatementA thesis
statement is a statement that expresses the conclusion of the paper, or a statement that
expresses what you are trying to convince your reader of. It is usually one sentence long.
The following are examples of thesis statements:• Vang’ s theory is a better theory than
Douville’ s because it values patient autonomy more than the physician’ s desires.•
Kathleen Jones is incorrect when she claims that it is wrong to use fertility drugs.• While
Hassan is correct that those in the United States place too much value on expensive medical
research, the changes he suggests are impractical in today’ s world.Because your papers
will be evaluations of an author’ s views, your thesis statement should reflect your
evaluation. That is, it should take a position on the views of the author.There are two places
it is usual (though not required) to put a thesis statement in most academic papers. The first
is at the end of your introduction. The second is in your conclusion. I should be able to
underline a sentence in your paper that I recognize as your thesis
statement.________________________________________Critical AssessmentWhen you write papers for
the course you need to point out the strongest and weakest points of an author’ s views.

2. Much of philosophy involves giving arguments for particular views or positions. Sometimes
people argue well, sometimes poorly. One thing that anyone reading philosophy has to be
able to do is evaluate the arguments and positions of the writers.When you are pointing out
the strong points of an author’ s views, consider the following:• What did the author say
that you found the most convincing?• What did the author argue particularly well for?•
What new idea did the author present that was particularly good?• What did the author say
that was useful in other contexts?• What did the author say that led you to think of
something interesting or useful?• What did the author say that seemed to match your
experience of the world?When you are pointing out the weak points of an author’ s views,
consider the following:• Did the author make any incorrect assumptions?• Did the author
fail to back up his or her points with evidence and/or arguments?• Can you provide any
examples that show that an author’ s view is wrong or false?• Are there specific situations
in which the author’ s views do not seem useful or appropriate?• Are the author’ s views
incomplete or poorly spelled out?• Are there difficulties applying the author’ s views to
real life situations?When you are writing a paper, it is a good idea to organize your critical
assessment into a section that gives strong points and a section that gives weak points. You
may choose to number the points in each of these sections (e.g. “ The first strength of the
author’ s argument is . . .” ) This way the reader will be able to easily follow your points and
reasoning.________________________________________Things I Look At When Grading Papers• What
is my initial reaction to and overall impression of the paper?• Does the paper clearly state a
thesis (see “ How to write a thesis statement” )?• Does the paper address each part of the
assignment adequately? If the assignment asks for both summary of a philosopher’ s view
and criticism of that view, is there a good balance between the two?• Does the paper
provide strong and clear support for the thesis? Are the claims in the paper backed up? Are
the arguments in the paper reasonable?• Does the paper contain ideas that show the
student has carefully thought about the material?• Does the paper correctly represent the
views of any philosopher it refers to? Does it back up claims about the philosopher’ s views
by providing textual references and/or quotations?• Is the paper organized clearly? Can I
tell that the writer had a specific idea or point in mind when writing each paragraph? Are
paragraphs and ideas ordered in a way that each flows into another and there are no abrupt
jumps from topic to topic? Are there transitions between ideas in the paper?• Are the style
and tone of the paper appropriate for the audience and the topic of the paper? Note that for
most philosophy papers written for classes, the best audience to pick is someone who has
not read the material. Explain the material in enough detail that this person could
understand it (you may want to test this with a family member or friend if you can).• Does
the paper have an introduction that gives the reader a sense of what the paper is going to be
about? Does the introduction introduce the reader to the topic without making extremely
broad claims (e.g. “ Plato was the greatest philosopher of all time” )?• Are the word choices
in the paper good ones? Are there places where different or better words could be used?•
Are the sentences in the paper varied in structure?• Does the paper contain correct
grammar, punctuation, and spelling?ORDER THIS ESSAY HERE NOW AND GET A DISCOUNT
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