Presented during a seminar entitled "Water Infrastructure: Getting to a New, More Sustainable Standard" on June 15 at the World Bank

1. Water Infrastructure: Getting to a New, More Sustainable Standard Glen T. Daigger, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE, NAE President, IWA Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer, CH2M HILL Copyright © 2009 International Water Association

2. Let’s Define the Problem(s) We are Trying to Solve Copyright © 2009 International Water Association Lack of Support for Urban Water Management Utilities Population Growth + Consumption + Urbanization + “ Linear System” Nutrient Dispersal = Water Stress Resource Consumption + + Integrated Water and Resource Management

3. Population Growth in the 20 th Century Has Been Astounding! Copyright © 2009 International Water Association

4. Population Growth is an Important But Not the Sole Driver Copyright © 2009 International Water Association < Water Treatment Plant Wastewater Treatment Plant Water Treatment Plant Wastewater Treatment Plant

6. Coastal Hypoxic Zone “Hot Spots” Correlate with Human Population Copyright © 2009 International Water Association Diaz, R. J., et al. , “Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems,” Science , 321 , 926-929, 2008.

7. Dramatic Urbanization is Occurring Copyright © 2009 International Water Association Daigger, Integrated Water and Resource Management for Improved Sustainability 1950 Data source: U.N. Population Division World Cities exceeding 5 million residents

8. Dramatic Urbanization is Occurring Copyright © 2009 International Water Association Daigger, Integrated Water and Resource Management for Improved Sustainability 2000 Data source: U.N. Population Division World Cities exceeding 5 million residents

9. Dramatic Urbanization is Occurring Copyright © 2009 International Water Association Daigger, Integrated Water and Resource Management for Improved Sustainability 2015 World Cities exceeding 5 million residents Data source: U.N. Population Division

11. Copyright © 2009 International Water Association Can a System That Evolved: Be the Solution When: ● For Global Population < 2 Billion ● Mostly Rural ● Lacking Modern Technology ● Global Population ~ 10 Billion ● Mostly Urban ● Experiencing Greater Resource Constraints?

13. Stormwater Can Contribute Significant Local Water Resource Copyright © 2009 International Water Association 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Captured Rainfall (mm/yr) L/capita-day 1,000/sq km 2,000/sq km 3,000/sq km 4,000/sq km Population Density

14. Available Heat Energy Depends on Flow and Temperature Differential Copyright © 2009 International Water Association * 100 % Efficiency

15. Wastewater Separation Creates Energy and Nutrient Recovery Options Copyright © 2009 International Water Association Uncontaminated Organic Matter Nutrients

16. Toolkit Components Apply to Centralized and Decentralized (Hybrid) Systems Copyright © 2009 International Water Association Component Centralized Decentralized/Hybrid Stormwater  Permeable Pavements, Green Roofs, Rain Gardens, etc. Water Conservation Wide Variety of Technologies, Along with Behavior Changes Treatment Treatment for Potable Use and Reuse (Direct and In-Direct) Treatment for Potable Use and Non-Potable Reuse Energy Management Anaerobic Digestion, Thermal, Microbial Fuel Cells Capture Heat Energy, Microbial Fuel Cells Nutrient Recovery Land Application of Biosolids, Struvite Precipitation  Source Separation Treatment of Kitchen, Black and Yellow Water Supply Potable and Non-Potable; Treatment of Kitchen, Black, and Yellow Water

17. Let’s Look at an Example That Uses Only Local Water Resources Copyright © 2009 International Water Association Potable Water Supply (TYP) Potable Water Aquifer Non-Potable Supply Shallow Non-Potable Aquifer Industrial Water Supply Potable Water Supply Stormwater Infiltration Rainwater Harvesting Saline Water Aquifer Saline Water Export In-Building Recycling Wastewater Reclamation and Recharge

18. Let’s Look at an Example That Maximizes Nutrient and Energy Recovery Copyright © 2009 International Water Association Non-Potable Supply Shallow Non-Potable Aquifer Industrial Water Supply Stormwater Infiltration Rainwater Harvesting In-Building Recycling Wastewater Reclamation and Recharge Heat Heat Potable Water Blackwater/Yellow Water

19. Let’s Look at A Real World Example in a Surprising Location Copyright © 2009 International Water Association Decentralized Urban Water Reuse Battery Park City, New York Information and photos courtesy of E. Clerico, Alliance Environmental Decentralized Urban Water Reuse Battery Park City, New York

20. Water Resources Managed On-Site to Mimic Natural Condition Copyright © 2009 International Water Association

21. Water Reclamation Plant Located in Building Basement Copyright © 2009 International Water Association

23. Eliminating Biases May Lead to Different Solutions Copyright © 2009 International Water Association Traditional Approach Revised Approach Water Supply What are the Available Surface and Ground Water Sources? What are the Available Sources of Reuse Water? Wastewater Management What are the Applicable Discharge Requirements? How Can the Effluent be Best Reuse?

28. Water Infrastructure: Getting to a New, More Sustainable Standard Glen T. Daigger, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE, NAE President, IWA Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer, CH2M HILL Copyright © 2009 International Water Association