1. 102 Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi Vol. //, No. -, +*, +*2 (,**2) 22
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Lipolysis Induced by Various Citrus Fruits
Takahiro Tsujita and Takeshi Takaku
Department of Bioscience, Integrated Center for Sciences,
Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 13+ *,3/
Lipolysis induced by extracts of various citrus fruits (.1 cultivars) was investigated using rat fat cells.
High lipolytic activity was observed in unripe fruits. Lipolytic activity was also detected in ripe fruits ; peel
or segment wall extracts from ripe fruits induced lipolysis, whereas juice sac extract did not. The lipolytic
activity of segment wall extract was about ,1 of that of peel extract. In peel fractions, the lipolytic activity
of flavedo fraction was about --fold higher than that of albedo fraction. Using the Citrus genus classification
of Tanaka, high lipolytic activities were observed in group V [Aurantium Tanaka ; including Natsumikan
(Citrus natsudaidai Hayata) and Iyokan (Citrus iyo Hort. ex Tanaka)] and group VII [Acrumen Tanaka ;
including Satsuma mandarin orange (Citrus unshiu Marc.) and Ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco)], while
group II [Limonellus Tanaka ; including Tahiti lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka)], group III [Citrophorum
Tanaka], including lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Tanaka)] and group IV [Cephalocitrus Tanaka ; including Buntan
(Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.)] tended to have low lipolytic activity. The
concentration of synephrine in unripe fruit was proportional to lipolytic activity. These results suggest that
the peel and segment walls of ripe fruit, which are generated in large quantities as a waste product from the
citrus juicing process, may be useful as a functional food, especially as a fat reducing material.
(Received Aug. -, ,**1 ; Accepted Jan. -, ,**2)
Keywords : Citrus fruit, Lipolysis, Peel, Segment wall, Synephrine
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3. 104 // - ,**2 - 24
Fig. + E#ect of the extract from (A) Miyauchi-iyo and (B)Tosa-buntan on lipolysis in fat cells.
The extracts were prepared form flavedo, albedo, segment wall and juice sac as describe
in “Mathods”. The results are expressed as mean SE for four experiments.
Table + Lipolitic activity of citrus fruit extracts
Lipolysis Synephrine
(FFA Eq/g sample /h (mg/g sample)
Ripe Ripe
Citrus fruit Unripe Unripe
(peel) (segment wall)
4 Limonellus Tanaka
Tahiti lime .* ,/ +0 +- 0, -2 *4**
4 Citrophorum Tanaka
Limon .- ,/ +3 +- -0 -2 *4**
4 Cephalocitrus Tanaka
Benimadoka .. ,. +/ +- +.1 00 *4**
Banpeiyu .+ ,. * + +/2 -. *4**
Tosa-Buntan( ,/* -/ /- +- +./* ,+* *4**
Oroblanco -- ,* * / ,-/ .- *4**
Kawachi-Bankan /. +2 +*1 +/ +.1 -0 *4**
Grapefruit( -1 ,. +0 +- +0, /-
Hassaku 0,/ / +0+ 0 +..* +1* ,4,2
Wasehassaku 213 +, ,-, +, +30* +0* ,4.,
Benihassaku 13. .0 +/, +. +.2* .* ,4*+
Ehimekashi No +* +* 00 ,/ -, +- /+3 +1* *402
4 Aurantium Tanaka
Shinamanatsu 0/2 ,/ ,3* 1 ,--* +2* +4,,
Amanatsu ..2 ,3 ,+2 +* +21* -3* +4,,
Daidai 3+/ 0. -,/* +0* ,4.0
Morita nable orange +.0* / +33 +, +33* /1 ,421
Orange 30, 0 ,+. ,
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Haruka ,2. ,/ 0+ +, +*3* -2* *432
Hyuganatsu --2 +0 -* +. -+** +-* +4/*
4 Osmocitrus Tanaka
Yuzu 01- +* +*/ 3 ++.* -3 +4+,

4. 25 QQ Q : Q QQQ Q 105
Table + Continue
Lipolysis Synephrine
(FFA Eq/g sample /h (mg/g sample)
Ripe Ripe
Citrus fruit Unripe Unripe
(peel) (segment wall)
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The lipolytic results are expressed as mean SE for four experiments. Synephrine results are
s+ngle assay data.
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5. 106 QQQQ QQQQQ Q // Q Q - Q ,**2 Q - Q 26
Fig. , E#ect of the extract from (A) peel, (B) segment wall and (C) unripe fruit of various citrus fruits
on lipolysis in fat cells. The classification of Citrus genus was followed by Tanaka. The results
are expressed as mean SE. Values not sharing a letter are significantly di#erent, P *.*/.
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Osbeck Kiyomi Citrus unshiu Marc. Citrus
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