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Solaris Cluster Roadshow
Part 1

January 2007
Sun Microsystems
Agenda – part 1
      β€’ Sun Cluster Architecture and Algorithms
      β€’ Sun Cluster 3.2 New Features Deep Dive
            >   New Command Line Interface (CLI)
            >   Quorum Server
            >   Service Level Management
            >   Dual Partition Software Update (aka Quantum Leap)
            >   Solaris Containers extended support
            >   Agent development facilities



Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                            2
Solaris Cluster:
Architecture & Algorithms

Solaris Cluster Roadshow, 2007
Sun Microsystems
Outline
      β€’ Introduction
      β€’ Solaris Cluster Building Blocks
            >   HA Infrastructure
            >   Resource Management Infrastructure
            >   Agent Development
            >   Manageability
            >   Disaster Recovery
      β€’ Test Infrastructure
      β€’ Availability Characterization
      β€’ Summary
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                             4
Solaris Cluster (SC)
      Provides the software for Service Availability, Data
      Integrity, Business Continuity, and Disaster Recovery

      Availability is our customers'
      most critical requirement
              Sun Cluster VOC Survey




                                        Fifty percent of enterprises that lack a
                                       recovery plan go out of business within
                                           one year of a significant disaster
                                                     Gartner Group
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                       5
Solaris Cluster
 ●     Provides business continuity within the datacenter or
       across the planet
 ●     Meets a wide range of availability needs
       Sun Cluster           Sun Cluster           Sun Cluster
       Single Node                                                       Sun Cluster
                            Local Cluster      Campus/Metro Cluster   Geographic Edition
         Cluster



                                                                      US

                                                                                  Singapore




       Single Server       Local Data Center     Hundreds of km        Unlimited Distance


Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                                      6
Solaris Cluster
      β€’ Also known as Sun Cluster (SC)
      β€’ Sun's High Availability (HA) product
      β€’ Integrated with Solaris Operating System (Sparc, x64)
            > Allows the infrastructure to be resilient to load
            > Exploit kernel hooks to get faster reconfiguration
            > Both these lead to higher and more predictable availability
      β€’ Supports both traditional failover and scalable HA
      β€’ History
            > SC 3.2 FCS - Dec. 2006
            > SC 3.0 FCS - Dec. 2000, and several updates/releases in between
            > Prior products: HA 1.x – 1990s, SC 2.y -1990s.

Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                        7
SC Stack
                                    Network
                                                                Applications

                                                                HA Services
                           Node 1



                                    Node 2



                                              Node 3



                                                       Node 4
                                                                   Cluster
                                                                Infrastructure
                                                                  Operating
                                                                    System
                                    Storage



Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                         8
SC Architecture
                           SCM    Failover Data Services       Scalable Data Services


                                                                         Oracle RAC
                    Commands                                             Framework
                    & Libraries           RGM

                                                                                      Userland
                                                                                        Kernel
                                      Global                              SVM
                                   File Systems          Global
                                   and Devices         Networking
                                                                                    User Visible
                                                                                     Services


                                                     Cluster Communications            Internal
                           CCR                        and High Availability        Infrastructure
                                                          Infrastructure
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                                            9
SC Algorithms
          β€’ Heartbeats
                > Monitor nodes in the cluster over the private n/w,
                  triggering reconfiguration when nodes join/leave
                > Resilient to load
          β€’ Membership
                > Establishes clusterwide consistent cluster membership
                > Coordinates reconfiguration of other layers
          β€’ Cluster Configuration Repository
                > Global repository, local copy on each node
                > Updates made atomically
                > Nodes can join and leave arbitrarily
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                  10
SC Algorithms
          β€’ Quorum
                > Prevents partitions (split brain, amnesia) in the cluster
                   – Protects against data corruption
                > Uses a majority voting scheme
                   – 2 node clusters require a quorum device (an external tie-
                     breaker)
          β€’ Disk Fencing
                > Used to preserve data integrity
                > Non cluster nodes are fenced off from updating any
                     shared data

Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                         11
SC Algorithms
          β€’ Membership changes trigger algorithms of upper
            layers, including the:
                >    ORB, Replica Framework
                >    CCR
                >    Global File System or PxFS
                >    Global Device Service
                >    Global Networking
                >    Resource Group Manager (in user space)



Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                      12
SC Algorithms
          β€’ Resource Group Manager (RGM)
                > Rich and extensible framework for plugging
                  applications into Sun Cluster
                > Application is wrapped by an RGM resource,
                  supplying methods for controlling the application
                       – Start, Stop, Monitor, Validate
                > Closely related resources placed in Resource Groups
                   – Ex. HA-NFS: RG has 3 resources: NFS, IP, Storage
                   – An RG is a basic failover unit
                > Supports both failover and scalable RGs


Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                13
SC Algorithms
          β€’ Resource Group Manager (RGM) - continued
                > Support for rich dependencies between Resources
                  and RGs
                > Additional semantics for inter RG dependencies
                > Solaris SMF support (SC 3.2)
                       – Wrap SMF Manifest with an RGM Resource
                       – Leverages SMF delegated restarter interface
                       – Enables reuse of customer and ISV SMF manifests
                       – After too many local (same host) restarts in a time period,
                         recovery is β€œescalated” by failing over to another host
                       – Configuration to control inter-host failover is attached to the
                         RG
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                                   14
Data Services

          β€’ Failover service
                > Service is hosted by a primary node in the cluster, with
                  backup capability on one or more secondary nodes.
                > Exactly one service instance active at a time
          β€’ Scalable service
                > Service is hosted by several nodes in the cluster at the
                     same time, with backup capability on zero or more
                     nodes.



Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                     15
Failover Service
                                    Network


                                                                   DB
                           DB
                                                                Failover
                           Node 1



                                    Node 2



                                              Node 3



                                                       Node 4
                                                                Service



                                    Storage



Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                   16
Scalable Service
                                       Network



                                                                               Web
                                                                             Scalable
                      DB      Web Web                      Web
                     Node 1




                                         Node 3


                                                  Node 4


                                                           Node 5


                                                                    Node 6
                              Node 2




                                                                              Service



                                       Storage


Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                                17
Data Services Development
       β€’ Several choices available
            > Generic Data Service (GDS)
            > Data Service Development Library (DSDL)
            > RGM Application Programming Interface (API)




Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                    18
Large Portfolio of Supported Applications
Web Tier / Presentation               Business Logic Tier                               Management Infrastructure Tier
●   HA Sun Java System Web Server          ●   HA Sun Java System App Server PE/SE      ●   HA Sun N1 Grid Engine
●   HA Sun Java System Messaging Server    ●   HA Sun Java System App Server EE         ●   HA Sun N1 Service Provisioning
●   HA Sun Java System Message Queue       ●   HA Sun Java System Directory Server          System
●   HA Sun Java System Calendar Server     ●   HA Agfa IMPAX
                                                                                        ●   HA DNS, HA NFS
●   HA Sun Java System Instant Messaging   ●   HA BEA Weblogic Server
                                                                                        ●   HA DHCP
    Server                                 ●   Scalable Broadvision One-To-One
                                                                                        ●   HA Kerberos
●   Scalable Sun Java System Web Server    ●   HA IBM Websphere MQ
                                                                                        ●   IBM Tivoli+
●   HA Apache Web/Proxy Server             ●   HA IBM Websphere MQ Integrator
                                                                                        ●   Mainframe Rehosting (MTP)
●   HA Apache Tomcat                       ●   IBM Lotus Notes+
                                                                                        ●   HA Samba
●   Scalable Apache Web/Proxy Server       ●   HA Oracle Application Server
                                                                                        ●   HA Solstice Backup
                                           ●   HA SAP liveCache
                                                                                        ●   HA Solaris Container
Database Tier                              ●   HA SAP J2EE Engine
                                                                                        ●   HA Symantec NetBackup
●   Oracle Parallel Server                 ●   HA SAP Enqueue Server
●   HA Oracle9i and Oracle 9i RAC          ●   Scalable SAP
●   HA Oracle 10g and Oracle 10gRAC        ●   HA Siebel
●   HA Oracle E-business Suite             ●   HA SWIFT Alliance Access
●   HA Oracle                                                                      + developed/supported/delivered by 3rd party
                                           ●   HA Sybase Adaptative Server
●   HA Sybase
●   IBM DB2+
●

●
    Informix+
    HA MySQL
                                                            And much more through our
●   HA SAP/MaxDB Database                                   Professional Services teams
●   HA PostgreSQL

Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                                                                          19
SC Manageability
      β€’ New and improved Command Line Interface (CLI) in
        SC 3.2
      β€’ Sun Cluster Manager (SCM) – SC GUI
      β€’ Data Services Configuration Wizards – for a set of
        most common data services
      β€’ Service Level Management in SC 3.2
      β€’ Upgrade options – Live Upgrade, Quantum Leap



Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                     20
SC Geographic Edition
       Multi-Cluster and Multi-Site capability

      N+1 Multi-site Support               Paris             Berlin

      One site backs up multiple cities
                                                   Geneva
      One way Data Replication

                                                     Rome
     Active – Active Configuration
      Each site backs up the other

                                          New York          London
      Bi-directional Data Replication


Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                              21
*
               SCATE
     SC Automated Test Environment
      β€’ A suite of automated tests and tools
      β€’ Distributed test development framework
            > Fault injection (FI) framework
               – Source code based FI (white box)
               – System FI (black box)
      β€’ Distributed test execution framework
            > Client/server architecture
            > Easy to plug-in new test suites

         *2002 Sun Chairman Award for Innovation
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                            22
More on SCATE
      β€’ Test Assets
            > 50+ automated test suites, each with 100s of tests
            > 500+ fault points in the product
      β€’ 350000+ functional tests, 45000+ faults injected
      β€’ External Qualifications
            > Enable internal partners and 3rd party vendors to qualify
                their hardware (ex. Storage) and software (ex. Agents)

         SCATE had been extended/expanded to CTI (Common Test
         Interface), which is being used for Solaris test development.

Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                  23
Availability Characterization
   β€’ Extensive SC work on Availability Modeling,
     Measurement, and Improvement
         > Code instrumentation and detailed measurements taken
         > Leading to code improvement
   β€’ Goals: faster failover times & predictable failover times
   β€’ Availability measurements part of release testing: no
     regression in failover times.
   β€’ Important for meeting customer Service Level
     Objectives
   β€’ Application failover time and customer workload key
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                          24
2-Node SC Availability (RAScad) Model
                                                                1
                                                              MTTR_1
                      Node_Rejoin                                        One_Up
                                  2                               p
                 1
                                 MTBW          Wounded        Recovery_Time
 Node_Rejoin_Time                                  2
                                         1
                                                 MTW2F
                                       MTW2U
                                                                                (1+a)
                                                     Recovery
                                                                    (1- p)    MTBF
                           Both_Up            2
                                             MTBF                 Recovery_Time

                                                             1
                           1                                MTTR_2
                     Strg_MTBF
                                             1
                                       Strg_Recovery_Time              Both_Down

                           Strg_Unav             Recovery_Time = w1*t1 + w2*t2 + (1- w1- w2)*t3

Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                                          25
SC Strengths
      β€’ Tight integration with Solaris – faster failure detection-> faster
        recovery -> higher availability
      β€’ Robust HA infrastructure – resilient to single points of failure, and also
        to many multiple points of failure
      β€’ No data corruption guarantee – many protection mechanisms in SC
        (membership, quorum, fencing) to enable this
      β€’ Flexibility across the stack – flexible platform for developing HA
        applications, and broad range of configuration choices
      β€’ Data-driven availability prediction – provides mathematical basis for
        offering SLAs
      β€’ Rich portfolio of supported applications
      β€’ Simple, powerful disaster recovery solution
      β€’ Sophisticated, industry-leading test framework, used both inside and
        outside Sun
      β€’ ...
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                             26
What's New in Solaris
Cluster 3.2?

Solaris Cluster Engineering Staff
Sun Microsystems
Agenda
      β€’    This Presentation
      β€’    New Command Line Interface (CLI)
      β€’    Quorum Server
      β€’    Service Level Management
      β€’    Quantum Leap Upgrade




Solaris Cluster Roadshow                      28
This presentation
      β€’ Introduces the new features in SC 3.2
      β€’ Not much detail, just overview information
      β€’ Want more? Sign up for training




Solaris Cluster Roadshow                             29
New Command Line
New CLI: Benefits
      β€’    Object-Oriented
      β€’    Easy-to-Remember Command Names
      β€’    Easy-to-Remember Subcommands
      β€’    Consistent use of Subcommands and Options
      β€’    Helpful Help
      β€’    Configuration Replication
      β€’    Existing CLI available
            > All existing commands continue to work
            > Retraining not required
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                               31
New CLI: Example 1
          Examples - Object-Oriented
              Create a resource group
                  node# clresourcegroup create rg1
                                                     Object type is resource group
              Display status of a resource group              Object is rg1
                  node# clresourcegroup status rg1
                  ... <status is listed> ...


              Display status of all cluster objects using umbrella command
                  node# cluster status
                  ... <status is listed> ...              Object type is cluster
                                                      Implied object is this cluster


Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                               32
New CLI
          Benefit – Configuration Replication
          β€’ Ability to easily replicate configurations
                > Most commands support export subcommand
                  – Outputs cluster configuration to XML
                > Most create subcommands accept –input option
                  – Uses XML file as input for creating objects in operand list
                  – Command line options over-ride config file content
          β€’ Possible future enhancements
                > A single command to import entire config
                > Apply changes to already existing objects


Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                          33
New CLI: Example 2
          Example – Configuration Replication
             Export entire cluster configuration to XML config file
                  node# cluster export > cluster_config.xml


             Delete all resources and groups from the cluster
                 node# clresourcegroup delete –force +
                                                                          The –force (-F) option
                                                                       first deletes any resources

              Rebuild groups and resources from the XML config file
                  node# clresource create -a -i cluster_config.xml +
                                                                    The β€œ+” operand wildcards
                               The -a option causes               to mean all objects of this type
                           clresource to first create rgs

Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                                             34
Quorum Server
Quorum Server Overview
      β€’ SC3.2 introduces a new type of quorum device
      β€’ Quorum Server is a Quorum Device
            > Runs on a host external to the cluster
               – External host may be part of a cluster
               – But, it may not be part of the cluster for which it provides
                 quorum
               – Only Solaris 9 and 10 supported
            > Can act as a quorum device for multiple clusters
            > Quorum Server identified by:
               – IP address
               – Port number

Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                        36
Quorum Server Overview (2)
      β€’ Network Connectivity
            > Clusters & QS may be on different subnetworks
            > May be used in campus cluster configuration
      β€’ Interoperability - Cluster and QS Host
            > May run different OS releases
            > Quorum server and Cluster need not be the same
                architecture




Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                       37
Quorum Server Installation
      β€’ Quorum Server is part of Java Enterprise System
            > Availability Services
               – Sun Cluster Quorum Server
      β€’ Quorum Server software is distributed separately,
        because the software will reside on different
        machines
      β€’ Quorum Server must be installed and configured
        before cluster can configure quorum server as a
        quorum device


Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                    38
Service Level Management
Service Level Management in SC 3.2
     β€’ System Resource Utilization Status Monitoring/Telemetry
          >    Monitor node/zone and RG CPU/memory/swap usage
          >    Monitor disk and network adapter IO usage
          >    Threshold monitoring and trigger utilization status change event
          >    Historical data can be viewed in graph or exported to other applications.
     β€’ CPU allocation/prioritization on Cluster Resource Group
          > Solaris Resource Management Integration on CPU resource
                 – CPU share per RG
                 – Dedicated CPU(Processor Set). Dynamically calculate CPU
                   requirement for all RGs running in the same zone container, and
                   attempt to allocate and bind CPU resource(processor) to the zone
                   container based on the calculation if there is enough CPU resource.

Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                                   40
Benefit of the Utilization Status Monitoring

     β€’ Know the head room of cluster nodes. Help to consolidate
       data services/RGs running on the cluster nodes.
     β€’ Know how data services/RGs are being performed, and
       some other aspects unhealthy status in data services(such
       as memory leakage and etc). Help to do planned switchover
       instead of failover.
     β€’ Future system resource planning based on the weekly
       statistic data.




Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                           41
GUI Interface: Nodes/RG Utilization




Solaris Cluster Roadshow                   42
Utilization Graph for Two RGs (stack view)




Solaris Cluster Roadshow                          43
Agenda
      β€’    This Presentation
      β€’    New Command Line Interface (CLI)
      β€’    Quorum Server
      β€’    Service Level Management
      β€’    Quantum Leap Upgrade




Solaris Cluster Roadshow                      44
What is Quantum Leap?
      β€’ Quantum Leap (QL) is a fast cluster upgrade
        technology
      β€’ Divide cluster into two partitions
            > Exactly two, no more, no fewer
      β€’ Upgrade one partition at a time
      β€’ Quickly move applications from old version partition
        to new version partition
            > Use new partition for production while upgrading old
      β€’ Marketing name is β€œDual Partition Software Swap”
            > Could be used to downgrade as well, but that is untested
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                 45
Advantages of Quantum Leap
      β€’ Quantum Leap provides the means to upgrade the
        entire software stack on a cluster with only a small
        outage.
            > OS, cluster, applications, etc., may be upgraded
            > Outage similar to application switchover
      β€’ Rolling Upgrade can only upgrade cluster software .
      β€’ Quantum Leap dramatically reduces the cost of
        engineering development and testing.



Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                         46
What things are supported by QL?
      β€’    Upgrade from SC 3.1 FCS & all updates to SC 3.2
      β€’    Upgrade from S8/S9/S10 to S9u7/S10u3 and ahead
      β€’    Installing future patches & updates
      β€’    Upgrading other software:
            > applications – Oracle, SAP, etc
            > volume managers – SVM, VxVM
            > file systems – VxFS
      β€’ Can use QL for upgrades with or without SC
        changes

Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                     47
Solaris 10 Containers and
Solaris Cluster
Solaris Cluster support for S10
     containers
      β€’ Available since Sun Cluster 3.1 8/05: HA Container Agent
           > Zone is a resource; zone can fail over between nodes
           > All RGs configured in global zone
           > RG contains zone resource and application resource
      β€’ Significantly Enhanced in Sun Cluster 3.2: β€œZone Nodes”
           > Zones are Virtual Nodes
           > Multiple RGs can fail over independently between zones
      β€’ Coexistence and combination of both approaches in Sun
        Cluster 3.2

Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                              49
Why use S10 containers with Solaris
     Cluster?
      β€’ Combine benefits of clustering and containers
            > Solaris Cluster provides high availability and load
              balancing
            > Containers provide application isolation, fault
              containment, and control of system resource allocation
      β€’ Each application can run in its own zone
      β€’ Upon failure, application and/or zone can fail over to
        another node

Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                               50
Zone-Nodes Provide
      β€’ Application isolation
      β€’ Ability to exploit Sun Cluster agent to monitor
        application running within zone
      β€’ Ability to run most SC resource types (application and
        agent) unmodified in a non-global zone
      β€’ Ability to run multiple resource groups in the same
        zone that fail over independently
      β€’ Ability to dynamically create/destroy zones
           > using the usual Solaris tools
           > Automatic discovery by RGM
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                         51
Zone-Nodes Provide (cont.)
      β€’ Support for unbounded number of zones
      β€’ Support for resource groups to fail over between
        zones on the same node
            > Does not really provide high availability
            > Supports prototyping of cluster services
      β€’ Support for data services developed using Generic
        Data Service (GDS), Agent Builder, or Data Service
        Development Library (DSDL)



Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                     52
Sun Cluster components in zones
                             Node 1                                           Node 2
                             zone 'z3'                                        zone 'z3'
            PMF            libscha    libdsdev         RG4     PMF     libscha      libdsdev         RG4

                             zone 'z2'                                        zone 'z2'
                                                 RG5    RG3                                    RG5   RG3
            PMF            libscha    libdsdev                 PMF     libscha      libdsdev

                              zone 'z1'                                       zone 'z1'
            PMF            libscha    libdsdev         RG2     PMF      libscha     libdsdev         RG2

                             global zone                                      global zone
           RGM       FED         CCR       UCMM               RGM     FED         CCR     UCMM       RG1
                                                       RG1
          Sun Cluster Infrastructure PMF                      Sun Cluster Infrastructure PMF




Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                                                   53
Zone isolation/security
      β€’ Zone isolation is incomplete
      β€’ User running in a non-global zone can β€œsee” resource
        groups configured in other zones
      β€’ User running in a non-global zone cannot modify or affect
        behavior of RGs in other zones unless those RGs list the
        non-global zone in their Nodelist property
      β€’ Some admin commands are not permitted to run in non-
        global zone: RT register, RG create, ...
      β€’ Cluster administration is most easily done from the global
        zone
      β€’ Security to be enhanced by the β€œClusterized Zones” (RAC in
        zones) project in a future release
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                             54
How to Use Zone-Nodes
      β€’ "Logical Nodename" nodename:zonename
            or nodename
      β€’ (old) Nodelist=node1,node2,node3
      β€’ (new) Nodelist=
           node1:zoneA,node2:zoneA,node3:zoneA
      β€’ Also permitted:
            > RG runs in different zone name per node:
               – Nodelist=node1:zoneA,node2:zoneB,node3:zoneC
            > RG runs in multiple zones on single physical node:
               – Nodelist=node1:zoneA,node1:zoneB,node1:zoneC

Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                           55
Zones support in Sun Cluster Manager




Solaris Cluster Roadshow                56
Data Services supported in non-
     global zones
      β€’ Combined with the HA Container Agent:
            Apache Tomcat                  MySQL
            Samba                          IBM WebSphere MQ
            PostgreSQL                     N1 Grid Service Provisioning System
      β€’ Using zone nodes with Sun Cluster 3.2
            > all agents that are supported with the HA Container Agent, plus:
              JES Application Server       JES Web Server
              JES MQ Server                DNS
              Apache                       Kerberos
              HA Oracle                    Oracle E-Business Suite
              Oracle 9iAS                  GDS
              IBM Websphere MQ Broker (pending IBM support confirmation)
      β€’ Refer to the Config. Guide for the latest agent support info.
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                         57
Competition
      β€’ Veritas Cluster (VCS) offers a Container Agent
           > VCS has HA Oracle and SAP container aware
      β€’ SC3.1 8/05 has similar functionality to VCS Container Agent
           > Some of our agents are container aware in 3.1 8/05
      β€’ SC3.2 supersedes VCS with Zone Nodes and the HA
        Container Agent
           > Starting with 3.2 many of our standard agents are Container aware
             (order of magnitude more than VCS)
           > All our GDS custom agents can be Container aware
           > Application failover between zones can be tested in a single node
             cluster for development purposes


Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                         58
Developing Application Agents on
Solaris Cluster
Introduction
      β€’ Solaris Cluster 3.2 has an extensive portfolio of
        supported applications
            > Agents available on the Solaris Cluster DVD or download
            > Most JES applications ship SC Agents
      β€’ APIs and tools available for custom Agents
      β€’ Talk outline
            >   Application Characteristics
            >   SC Resource Management Model
            >   Available APIs
            >   Solaris Cluster Agent Builder Tool
            >   Hands on exercise developing a custom agent
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                60
Application Characteristics
        β€’ Crash tolerance
              > Be able to restart correctly after an unclean shutdown
              > Sometime requires cleanup of lock/pid files
        β€’ Independence from server hostname
              > THAT changes with a failover!
              > New feature in SC32 to override application hostname
                   resolution
                           –   export LD_PRELOAD=/usr/cluster/lib/libschost.so.1
                           –   export SC_LHOSTNAME=”myHAhostname”
                           –   man libschost.so.1(1) for details
              > Should be able to co-exist with multi-homed hosts
        β€’ Multi-hosted data
              > Application should not hard code data paths
              > Sometimes symbolic links can be used as work-around
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                           61
Resource Management Model
     β€’ Key concepts
          > Resource Type (RT): Is a representation of an HA entity
                           –   Example: HA-Oracle RT, a HA Filesystem
          > Resource: Is a specific instance of a RT
                           –   Example: Oracle HR database
          > Resource Group(RG): Is a collection of resources
             – Example: A RG containing
                           –   A failover filesystem resource
                           –   A failover IP Address (aka LogicalHostname resource)
                           –   A failover Oracle database instance
          > Resources can have dependencies between them
             – Facilitates proper startup/shutdown sequencing
             – Dependencies can have various flavors such as strong/weak/restart
             – Works across different cluster nodes
     β€’ Implemented by Resource Group Manager (RGM)
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                              62
Example of a Failover RG
                       Name: Oracle-rg
                       Maximum_primaries: 1
                           Type: LogicalHostname
                           Hostname: ora-1

                           Type: HAStoragePlus
                           Name: hafs1
                           FilesystemMountPoints: /global/ora-1
                           Type: SUNW.Oracle_server
                           Oracle_home: /global/ora-1/oracle/
                           Oracle_SID: D001
                           Resource_dependencies: hafs1
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                          63
Developing Resource Types
       (aka HA Agents)
           β€’ Manages an applications such as Oracle, Apache, NFS etc.
           β€’ Implements callback methods
              > To Start, Stop and Monitor the application
           β€’ Manages specific properties needed to manage the
             applications
              > eg, value of ORACLE_HOME, timeout value for a specific
                task
              > Optionally implement methods to VALIDATE and
                UPDATE these properties
           β€’ Supplies a Resource Type Registration (RTR) file to specify
             the above information
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                               64
Available APIs
      β€’ Sun Cluster High Availability API (SCHA API)
                  – Querying properties: scha_resource_get(1HA)
                  – Taking action on failures: scha_control(1HA)
                  – Managing status: scha_resource_setstatus(1HA)
                  – Available in C and CLI form
      β€’ PMF (Process Monitoring Facility)
                  – To manage application processes
                  – Quick restart after failures
                  – Guaranteed stop
                  – CLI interface pmfadm(1M)
      β€’ To run arbitrary commands under a timeout
                  – hatimerun(1M)
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                            65
Available APIs (contd...)
      β€’ Data Services Development Library (DSDL)
                  – Brings together SCHA API, PMF and hatimerun
                  – Provides an integrated fault monitor model
                           –   Local restarts after application failures, repeated failures lead to inter
                               node failover
                           –   Provides APIs for application fault monitoring
                                 – scds_fm_net_connect(3HA)
                                 – scds_simple_probe(3HA)
                                 – scds_timerun(3HA)
                  – Available only in C
      β€’ Generic Data Service (GDS)
                  – Layered on top of DSDL
                  – Allows developers to plug in simple scripts and create RTs
                  – Customers love it because there is very little code to own and
                    maintain
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                                                    66
Solaris Cluster Agent Builder
      β€’ GUI based code generation tool for RTs
      β€’ You only specify how to start your app
            > Uses Sun Cluster Process Monitoring Facility (PMF) to
                monitor the application processes
            >   Reliable application shutdown
            >   Tunable local restart and failover decisions
            >   Can perform simple TCP handshake level monitoring
            >   Optionally specify a monitor script for detailed application
                health checks
      β€’ Can generate Agent in ksh, C and GDS
      β€’ Creates a Solaris package for the Agent
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                       67
Sun Cluster Agent Builder
                           Create Screen




Solaris Cluster Roadshow                   68
Sun Cluster Agent Builder
                           Configure Screen




Solaris Cluster Roadshow                      69
Developing Application Agents on
       Solaris Cluster

       Exercise



Solaris Cluster Roadshow                  70
Agent Development Exercise
     β€’ Double check that Apache is setup correctly
                 – Start it on BOTH nodes with /usr/apache2/bin/apachectl start
                           –   Check /var/apache2/logs/error_log in case of failures
                 – Start web browser and connect with apache
                 – Stop apache
     β€’ Start scdsbuilder and create a custom Apache
       Agent
                 – Remember to set your DISPLAY shell variable
                 – Suggest using GDS, Failover and Network aware
                 – Use your own start, stop, validate and probes
                 – Package would be created in working directory/pkg
                 – Pkgadd it on all cluster nodes

Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                               71
Exercise contd...
      β€’ Deploy your Agent
                  – Run /ws/galileo/tools/bin/labinfo -v $your-cluster-name
                           –   Look under the headings β€œFailover ADDRESSES” and β€œShared
                               ADDRESSES” to find out available HA hostnames
                           –   Make sure the HA address you are going to use is not configured
                               already
                  – Run /opt/$pkgname/util/startapache -h <logical-hostname> -p
                    80/tcp
      β€’ Test your Agent
                  – Kill the Apache processes, they should be restarted
                  – Reboot the node running Apache, it should fail over to the other
                    node


Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                                                         72
More informations ?




Solaris Cluster Roadshow     73
For further information
   β€’ Check out Solaris Cluster blogs - http://blogs.sun.com/SC
   β€’ Discuss Solaris Cluster @ Sun Developer Network (SDN)
     http://forum.java.sun.com/forum.jspa?forumID=842
   β€’ Check out http://www.sun.com/cluster
   β€’ Download Solaris Cluster software @
     http://www.sun.com/download
   β€’ Get trained in Solaris Cluster @
     http://www.sun.com/training/catalog/server/cluster.xml
   β€’ SC Documentation @ http://docs.sun.com
     > SC 3.2 Documentation Center
     http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/doc/820-0335/
Solaris Cluster Roadshow                                         74
Solaris Cluster Roadshow
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Solaris cluster roadshow day 1 technical presentation

  • 1. Solaris Cluster Roadshow Part 1 January 2007 Sun Microsystems
  • 2. Agenda – part 1 β€’ Sun Cluster Architecture and Algorithms β€’ Sun Cluster 3.2 New Features Deep Dive > New Command Line Interface (CLI) > Quorum Server > Service Level Management > Dual Partition Software Update (aka Quantum Leap) > Solaris Containers extended support > Agent development facilities Solaris Cluster Roadshow 2
  • 3. Solaris Cluster: Architecture & Algorithms Solaris Cluster Roadshow, 2007 Sun Microsystems
  • 4. Outline β€’ Introduction β€’ Solaris Cluster Building Blocks > HA Infrastructure > Resource Management Infrastructure > Agent Development > Manageability > Disaster Recovery β€’ Test Infrastructure β€’ Availability Characterization β€’ Summary Solaris Cluster Roadshow 4
  • 5. Solaris Cluster (SC) Provides the software for Service Availability, Data Integrity, Business Continuity, and Disaster Recovery Availability is our customers' most critical requirement Sun Cluster VOC Survey Fifty percent of enterprises that lack a recovery plan go out of business within one year of a significant disaster Gartner Group Solaris Cluster Roadshow 5
  • 6. Solaris Cluster ● Provides business continuity within the datacenter or across the planet ● Meets a wide range of availability needs Sun Cluster Sun Cluster Sun Cluster Single Node Sun Cluster Local Cluster Campus/Metro Cluster Geographic Edition Cluster US Singapore Single Server Local Data Center Hundreds of km Unlimited Distance Solaris Cluster Roadshow 6
  • 7. Solaris Cluster β€’ Also known as Sun Cluster (SC) β€’ Sun's High Availability (HA) product β€’ Integrated with Solaris Operating System (Sparc, x64) > Allows the infrastructure to be resilient to load > Exploit kernel hooks to get faster reconfiguration > Both these lead to higher and more predictable availability β€’ Supports both traditional failover and scalable HA β€’ History > SC 3.2 FCS - Dec. 2006 > SC 3.0 FCS - Dec. 2000, and several updates/releases in between > Prior products: HA 1.x – 1990s, SC 2.y -1990s. Solaris Cluster Roadshow 7
  • 8. SC Stack Network Applications HA Services Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Cluster Infrastructure Operating System Storage Solaris Cluster Roadshow 8
  • 9. SC Architecture SCM Failover Data Services Scalable Data Services Oracle RAC Commands Framework & Libraries RGM Userland Kernel Global SVM File Systems Global and Devices Networking User Visible Services Cluster Communications Internal CCR and High Availability Infrastructure Infrastructure Solaris Cluster Roadshow 9
  • 10. SC Algorithms β€’ Heartbeats > Monitor nodes in the cluster over the private n/w, triggering reconfiguration when nodes join/leave > Resilient to load β€’ Membership > Establishes clusterwide consistent cluster membership > Coordinates reconfiguration of other layers β€’ Cluster Configuration Repository > Global repository, local copy on each node > Updates made atomically > Nodes can join and leave arbitrarily Solaris Cluster Roadshow 10
  • 11. SC Algorithms β€’ Quorum > Prevents partitions (split brain, amnesia) in the cluster – Protects against data corruption > Uses a majority voting scheme – 2 node clusters require a quorum device (an external tie- breaker) β€’ Disk Fencing > Used to preserve data integrity > Non cluster nodes are fenced off from updating any shared data Solaris Cluster Roadshow 11
  • 12. SC Algorithms β€’ Membership changes trigger algorithms of upper layers, including the: > ORB, Replica Framework > CCR > Global File System or PxFS > Global Device Service > Global Networking > Resource Group Manager (in user space) Solaris Cluster Roadshow 12
  • 13. SC Algorithms β€’ Resource Group Manager (RGM) > Rich and extensible framework for plugging applications into Sun Cluster > Application is wrapped by an RGM resource, supplying methods for controlling the application – Start, Stop, Monitor, Validate > Closely related resources placed in Resource Groups – Ex. HA-NFS: RG has 3 resources: NFS, IP, Storage – An RG is a basic failover unit > Supports both failover and scalable RGs Solaris Cluster Roadshow 13
  • 14. SC Algorithms β€’ Resource Group Manager (RGM) - continued > Support for rich dependencies between Resources and RGs > Additional semantics for inter RG dependencies > Solaris SMF support (SC 3.2) – Wrap SMF Manifest with an RGM Resource – Leverages SMF delegated restarter interface – Enables reuse of customer and ISV SMF manifests – After too many local (same host) restarts in a time period, recovery is β€œescalated” by failing over to another host – Configuration to control inter-host failover is attached to the RG Solaris Cluster Roadshow 14
  • 15. Data Services β€’ Failover service > Service is hosted by a primary node in the cluster, with backup capability on one or more secondary nodes. > Exactly one service instance active at a time β€’ Scalable service > Service is hosted by several nodes in the cluster at the same time, with backup capability on zero or more nodes. Solaris Cluster Roadshow 15
  • 16. Failover Service Network DB DB Failover Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Service Storage Solaris Cluster Roadshow 16
  • 17. Scalable Service Network Web Scalable DB Web Web Web Node 1 Node 3 Node 4 Node 5 Node 6 Node 2 Service Storage Solaris Cluster Roadshow 17
  • 18. Data Services Development β€’ Several choices available > Generic Data Service (GDS) > Data Service Development Library (DSDL) > RGM Application Programming Interface (API) Solaris Cluster Roadshow 18
  • 19. Large Portfolio of Supported Applications Web Tier / Presentation Business Logic Tier Management Infrastructure Tier ● HA Sun Java System Web Server ● HA Sun Java System App Server PE/SE ● HA Sun N1 Grid Engine ● HA Sun Java System Messaging Server ● HA Sun Java System App Server EE ● HA Sun N1 Service Provisioning ● HA Sun Java System Message Queue ● HA Sun Java System Directory Server System ● HA Sun Java System Calendar Server ● HA Agfa IMPAX ● HA DNS, HA NFS ● HA Sun Java System Instant Messaging ● HA BEA Weblogic Server ● HA DHCP Server ● Scalable Broadvision One-To-One ● HA Kerberos ● Scalable Sun Java System Web Server ● HA IBM Websphere MQ ● IBM Tivoli+ ● HA Apache Web/Proxy Server ● HA IBM Websphere MQ Integrator ● Mainframe Rehosting (MTP) ● HA Apache Tomcat ● IBM Lotus Notes+ ● HA Samba ● Scalable Apache Web/Proxy Server ● HA Oracle Application Server ● HA Solstice Backup ● HA SAP liveCache ● HA Solaris Container Database Tier ● HA SAP J2EE Engine ● HA Symantec NetBackup ● Oracle Parallel Server ● HA SAP Enqueue Server ● HA Oracle9i and Oracle 9i RAC ● Scalable SAP ● HA Oracle 10g and Oracle 10gRAC ● HA Siebel ● HA Oracle E-business Suite ● HA SWIFT Alliance Access ● HA Oracle + developed/supported/delivered by 3rd party ● HA Sybase Adaptative Server ● HA Sybase ● IBM DB2+ ● ● Informix+ HA MySQL And much more through our ● HA SAP/MaxDB Database Professional Services teams ● HA PostgreSQL Solaris Cluster Roadshow 19
  • 20. SC Manageability β€’ New and improved Command Line Interface (CLI) in SC 3.2 β€’ Sun Cluster Manager (SCM) – SC GUI β€’ Data Services Configuration Wizards – for a set of most common data services β€’ Service Level Management in SC 3.2 β€’ Upgrade options – Live Upgrade, Quantum Leap Solaris Cluster Roadshow 20
  • 21. SC Geographic Edition Multi-Cluster and Multi-Site capability N+1 Multi-site Support Paris Berlin One site backs up multiple cities Geneva One way Data Replication Rome Active – Active Configuration Each site backs up the other New York London Bi-directional Data Replication Solaris Cluster Roadshow 21
  • 22. * SCATE SC Automated Test Environment β€’ A suite of automated tests and tools β€’ Distributed test development framework > Fault injection (FI) framework – Source code based FI (white box) – System FI (black box) β€’ Distributed test execution framework > Client/server architecture > Easy to plug-in new test suites *2002 Sun Chairman Award for Innovation Solaris Cluster Roadshow 22
  • 23. More on SCATE β€’ Test Assets > 50+ automated test suites, each with 100s of tests > 500+ fault points in the product β€’ 350000+ functional tests, 45000+ faults injected β€’ External Qualifications > Enable internal partners and 3rd party vendors to qualify their hardware (ex. Storage) and software (ex. Agents) SCATE had been extended/expanded to CTI (Common Test Interface), which is being used for Solaris test development. Solaris Cluster Roadshow 23
  • 24. Availability Characterization β€’ Extensive SC work on Availability Modeling, Measurement, and Improvement > Code instrumentation and detailed measurements taken > Leading to code improvement β€’ Goals: faster failover times & predictable failover times β€’ Availability measurements part of release testing: no regression in failover times. β€’ Important for meeting customer Service Level Objectives β€’ Application failover time and customer workload key Solaris Cluster Roadshow 24
  • 25. 2-Node SC Availability (RAScad) Model 1 MTTR_1 Node_Rejoin One_Up 2 p 1 MTBW Wounded Recovery_Time Node_Rejoin_Time 2 1 MTW2F MTW2U (1+a) Recovery (1- p) MTBF Both_Up 2 MTBF Recovery_Time 1 1 MTTR_2 Strg_MTBF 1 Strg_Recovery_Time Both_Down Strg_Unav Recovery_Time = w1*t1 + w2*t2 + (1- w1- w2)*t3 Solaris Cluster Roadshow 25
  • 26. SC Strengths β€’ Tight integration with Solaris – faster failure detection-> faster recovery -> higher availability β€’ Robust HA infrastructure – resilient to single points of failure, and also to many multiple points of failure β€’ No data corruption guarantee – many protection mechanisms in SC (membership, quorum, fencing) to enable this β€’ Flexibility across the stack – flexible platform for developing HA applications, and broad range of configuration choices β€’ Data-driven availability prediction – provides mathematical basis for offering SLAs β€’ Rich portfolio of supported applications β€’ Simple, powerful disaster recovery solution β€’ Sophisticated, industry-leading test framework, used both inside and outside Sun β€’ ... Solaris Cluster Roadshow 26
  • 27. What's New in Solaris Cluster 3.2? Solaris Cluster Engineering Staff Sun Microsystems
  • 28. Agenda β€’ This Presentation β€’ New Command Line Interface (CLI) β€’ Quorum Server β€’ Service Level Management β€’ Quantum Leap Upgrade Solaris Cluster Roadshow 28
  • 29. This presentation β€’ Introduces the new features in SC 3.2 β€’ Not much detail, just overview information β€’ Want more? Sign up for training Solaris Cluster Roadshow 29
  • 31. New CLI: Benefits β€’ Object-Oriented β€’ Easy-to-Remember Command Names β€’ Easy-to-Remember Subcommands β€’ Consistent use of Subcommands and Options β€’ Helpful Help β€’ Configuration Replication β€’ Existing CLI available > All existing commands continue to work > Retraining not required Solaris Cluster Roadshow 31
  • 32. New CLI: Example 1 Examples - Object-Oriented Create a resource group node# clresourcegroup create rg1 Object type is resource group Display status of a resource group Object is rg1 node# clresourcegroup status rg1 ... <status is listed> ... Display status of all cluster objects using umbrella command node# cluster status ... <status is listed> ... Object type is cluster Implied object is this cluster Solaris Cluster Roadshow 32
  • 33. New CLI Benefit – Configuration Replication β€’ Ability to easily replicate configurations > Most commands support export subcommand – Outputs cluster configuration to XML > Most create subcommands accept –input option – Uses XML file as input for creating objects in operand list – Command line options over-ride config file content β€’ Possible future enhancements > A single command to import entire config > Apply changes to already existing objects Solaris Cluster Roadshow 33
  • 34. New CLI: Example 2 Example – Configuration Replication Export entire cluster configuration to XML config file node# cluster export > cluster_config.xml Delete all resources and groups from the cluster node# clresourcegroup delete –force + The –force (-F) option first deletes any resources Rebuild groups and resources from the XML config file node# clresource create -a -i cluster_config.xml + The β€œ+” operand wildcards The -a option causes to mean all objects of this type clresource to first create rgs Solaris Cluster Roadshow 34
  • 36. Quorum Server Overview β€’ SC3.2 introduces a new type of quorum device β€’ Quorum Server is a Quorum Device > Runs on a host external to the cluster – External host may be part of a cluster – But, it may not be part of the cluster for which it provides quorum – Only Solaris 9 and 10 supported > Can act as a quorum device for multiple clusters > Quorum Server identified by: – IP address – Port number Solaris Cluster Roadshow 36
  • 37. Quorum Server Overview (2) β€’ Network Connectivity > Clusters & QS may be on different subnetworks > May be used in campus cluster configuration β€’ Interoperability - Cluster and QS Host > May run different OS releases > Quorum server and Cluster need not be the same architecture Solaris Cluster Roadshow 37
  • 38. Quorum Server Installation β€’ Quorum Server is part of Java Enterprise System > Availability Services – Sun Cluster Quorum Server β€’ Quorum Server software is distributed separately, because the software will reside on different machines β€’ Quorum Server must be installed and configured before cluster can configure quorum server as a quorum device Solaris Cluster Roadshow 38
  • 40. Service Level Management in SC 3.2 β€’ System Resource Utilization Status Monitoring/Telemetry > Monitor node/zone and RG CPU/memory/swap usage > Monitor disk and network adapter IO usage > Threshold monitoring and trigger utilization status change event > Historical data can be viewed in graph or exported to other applications. β€’ CPU allocation/prioritization on Cluster Resource Group > Solaris Resource Management Integration on CPU resource – CPU share per RG – Dedicated CPU(Processor Set). Dynamically calculate CPU requirement for all RGs running in the same zone container, and attempt to allocate and bind CPU resource(processor) to the zone container based on the calculation if there is enough CPU resource. Solaris Cluster Roadshow 40
  • 41. Benefit of the Utilization Status Monitoring β€’ Know the head room of cluster nodes. Help to consolidate data services/RGs running on the cluster nodes. β€’ Know how data services/RGs are being performed, and some other aspects unhealthy status in data services(such as memory leakage and etc). Help to do planned switchover instead of failover. β€’ Future system resource planning based on the weekly statistic data. Solaris Cluster Roadshow 41
  • 42. GUI Interface: Nodes/RG Utilization Solaris Cluster Roadshow 42
  • 43. Utilization Graph for Two RGs (stack view) Solaris Cluster Roadshow 43
  • 44. Agenda β€’ This Presentation β€’ New Command Line Interface (CLI) β€’ Quorum Server β€’ Service Level Management β€’ Quantum Leap Upgrade Solaris Cluster Roadshow 44
  • 45. What is Quantum Leap? β€’ Quantum Leap (QL) is a fast cluster upgrade technology β€’ Divide cluster into two partitions > Exactly two, no more, no fewer β€’ Upgrade one partition at a time β€’ Quickly move applications from old version partition to new version partition > Use new partition for production while upgrading old β€’ Marketing name is β€œDual Partition Software Swap” > Could be used to downgrade as well, but that is untested Solaris Cluster Roadshow 45
  • 46. Advantages of Quantum Leap β€’ Quantum Leap provides the means to upgrade the entire software stack on a cluster with only a small outage. > OS, cluster, applications, etc., may be upgraded > Outage similar to application switchover β€’ Rolling Upgrade can only upgrade cluster software . β€’ Quantum Leap dramatically reduces the cost of engineering development and testing. Solaris Cluster Roadshow 46
  • 47. What things are supported by QL? β€’ Upgrade from SC 3.1 FCS & all updates to SC 3.2 β€’ Upgrade from S8/S9/S10 to S9u7/S10u3 and ahead β€’ Installing future patches & updates β€’ Upgrading other software: > applications – Oracle, SAP, etc > volume managers – SVM, VxVM > file systems – VxFS β€’ Can use QL for upgrades with or without SC changes Solaris Cluster Roadshow 47
  • 48. Solaris 10 Containers and Solaris Cluster
  • 49. Solaris Cluster support for S10 containers β€’ Available since Sun Cluster 3.1 8/05: HA Container Agent > Zone is a resource; zone can fail over between nodes > All RGs configured in global zone > RG contains zone resource and application resource β€’ Significantly Enhanced in Sun Cluster 3.2: β€œZone Nodes” > Zones are Virtual Nodes > Multiple RGs can fail over independently between zones β€’ Coexistence and combination of both approaches in Sun Cluster 3.2 Solaris Cluster Roadshow 49
  • 50. Why use S10 containers with Solaris Cluster? β€’ Combine benefits of clustering and containers > Solaris Cluster provides high availability and load balancing > Containers provide application isolation, fault containment, and control of system resource allocation β€’ Each application can run in its own zone β€’ Upon failure, application and/or zone can fail over to another node Solaris Cluster Roadshow 50
  • 51. Zone-Nodes Provide β€’ Application isolation β€’ Ability to exploit Sun Cluster agent to monitor application running within zone β€’ Ability to run most SC resource types (application and agent) unmodified in a non-global zone β€’ Ability to run multiple resource groups in the same zone that fail over independently β€’ Ability to dynamically create/destroy zones > using the usual Solaris tools > Automatic discovery by RGM Solaris Cluster Roadshow 51
  • 52. Zone-Nodes Provide (cont.) β€’ Support for unbounded number of zones β€’ Support for resource groups to fail over between zones on the same node > Does not really provide high availability > Supports prototyping of cluster services β€’ Support for data services developed using Generic Data Service (GDS), Agent Builder, or Data Service Development Library (DSDL) Solaris Cluster Roadshow 52
  • 53. Sun Cluster components in zones Node 1 Node 2 zone 'z3' zone 'z3' PMF libscha libdsdev RG4 PMF libscha libdsdev RG4 zone 'z2' zone 'z2' RG5 RG3 RG5 RG3 PMF libscha libdsdev PMF libscha libdsdev zone 'z1' zone 'z1' PMF libscha libdsdev RG2 PMF libscha libdsdev RG2 global zone global zone RGM FED CCR UCMM RGM FED CCR UCMM RG1 RG1 Sun Cluster Infrastructure PMF Sun Cluster Infrastructure PMF Solaris Cluster Roadshow 53
  • 54. Zone isolation/security β€’ Zone isolation is incomplete β€’ User running in a non-global zone can β€œsee” resource groups configured in other zones β€’ User running in a non-global zone cannot modify or affect behavior of RGs in other zones unless those RGs list the non-global zone in their Nodelist property β€’ Some admin commands are not permitted to run in non- global zone: RT register, RG create, ... β€’ Cluster administration is most easily done from the global zone β€’ Security to be enhanced by the β€œClusterized Zones” (RAC in zones) project in a future release Solaris Cluster Roadshow 54
  • 55. How to Use Zone-Nodes β€’ "Logical Nodename" nodename:zonename or nodename β€’ (old) Nodelist=node1,node2,node3 β€’ (new) Nodelist= node1:zoneA,node2:zoneA,node3:zoneA β€’ Also permitted: > RG runs in different zone name per node: – Nodelist=node1:zoneA,node2:zoneB,node3:zoneC > RG runs in multiple zones on single physical node: – Nodelist=node1:zoneA,node1:zoneB,node1:zoneC Solaris Cluster Roadshow 55
  • 56. Zones support in Sun Cluster Manager Solaris Cluster Roadshow 56
  • 57. Data Services supported in non- global zones β€’ Combined with the HA Container Agent: Apache Tomcat MySQL Samba IBM WebSphere MQ PostgreSQL N1 Grid Service Provisioning System β€’ Using zone nodes with Sun Cluster 3.2 > all agents that are supported with the HA Container Agent, plus: JES Application Server JES Web Server JES MQ Server DNS Apache Kerberos HA Oracle Oracle E-Business Suite Oracle 9iAS GDS IBM Websphere MQ Broker (pending IBM support confirmation) β€’ Refer to the Config. Guide for the latest agent support info. Solaris Cluster Roadshow 57
  • 58. Competition β€’ Veritas Cluster (VCS) offers a Container Agent > VCS has HA Oracle and SAP container aware β€’ SC3.1 8/05 has similar functionality to VCS Container Agent > Some of our agents are container aware in 3.1 8/05 β€’ SC3.2 supersedes VCS with Zone Nodes and the HA Container Agent > Starting with 3.2 many of our standard agents are Container aware (order of magnitude more than VCS) > All our GDS custom agents can be Container aware > Application failover between zones can be tested in a single node cluster for development purposes Solaris Cluster Roadshow 58
  • 59. Developing Application Agents on Solaris Cluster
  • 60. Introduction β€’ Solaris Cluster 3.2 has an extensive portfolio of supported applications > Agents available on the Solaris Cluster DVD or download > Most JES applications ship SC Agents β€’ APIs and tools available for custom Agents β€’ Talk outline > Application Characteristics > SC Resource Management Model > Available APIs > Solaris Cluster Agent Builder Tool > Hands on exercise developing a custom agent Solaris Cluster Roadshow 60
  • 61. Application Characteristics β€’ Crash tolerance > Be able to restart correctly after an unclean shutdown > Sometime requires cleanup of lock/pid files β€’ Independence from server hostname > THAT changes with a failover! > New feature in SC32 to override application hostname resolution – export LD_PRELOAD=/usr/cluster/lib/libschost.so.1 – export SC_LHOSTNAME=”myHAhostname” – man libschost.so.1(1) for details > Should be able to co-exist with multi-homed hosts β€’ Multi-hosted data > Application should not hard code data paths > Sometimes symbolic links can be used as work-around Solaris Cluster Roadshow 61
  • 62. Resource Management Model β€’ Key concepts > Resource Type (RT): Is a representation of an HA entity – Example: HA-Oracle RT, a HA Filesystem > Resource: Is a specific instance of a RT – Example: Oracle HR database > Resource Group(RG): Is a collection of resources – Example: A RG containing – A failover filesystem resource – A failover IP Address (aka LogicalHostname resource) – A failover Oracle database instance > Resources can have dependencies between them – Facilitates proper startup/shutdown sequencing – Dependencies can have various flavors such as strong/weak/restart – Works across different cluster nodes β€’ Implemented by Resource Group Manager (RGM) Solaris Cluster Roadshow 62
  • 63. Example of a Failover RG Name: Oracle-rg Maximum_primaries: 1 Type: LogicalHostname Hostname: ora-1 Type: HAStoragePlus Name: hafs1 FilesystemMountPoints: /global/ora-1 Type: SUNW.Oracle_server Oracle_home: /global/ora-1/oracle/ Oracle_SID: D001 Resource_dependencies: hafs1 Solaris Cluster Roadshow 63
  • 64. Developing Resource Types (aka HA Agents) β€’ Manages an applications such as Oracle, Apache, NFS etc. β€’ Implements callback methods > To Start, Stop and Monitor the application β€’ Manages specific properties needed to manage the applications > eg, value of ORACLE_HOME, timeout value for a specific task > Optionally implement methods to VALIDATE and UPDATE these properties β€’ Supplies a Resource Type Registration (RTR) file to specify the above information Solaris Cluster Roadshow 64
  • 65. Available APIs β€’ Sun Cluster High Availability API (SCHA API) – Querying properties: scha_resource_get(1HA) – Taking action on failures: scha_control(1HA) – Managing status: scha_resource_setstatus(1HA) – Available in C and CLI form β€’ PMF (Process Monitoring Facility) – To manage application processes – Quick restart after failures – Guaranteed stop – CLI interface pmfadm(1M) β€’ To run arbitrary commands under a timeout – hatimerun(1M) Solaris Cluster Roadshow 65
  • 66. Available APIs (contd...) β€’ Data Services Development Library (DSDL) – Brings together SCHA API, PMF and hatimerun – Provides an integrated fault monitor model – Local restarts after application failures, repeated failures lead to inter node failover – Provides APIs for application fault monitoring – scds_fm_net_connect(3HA) – scds_simple_probe(3HA) – scds_timerun(3HA) – Available only in C β€’ Generic Data Service (GDS) – Layered on top of DSDL – Allows developers to plug in simple scripts and create RTs – Customers love it because there is very little code to own and maintain Solaris Cluster Roadshow 66
  • 67. Solaris Cluster Agent Builder β€’ GUI based code generation tool for RTs β€’ You only specify how to start your app > Uses Sun Cluster Process Monitoring Facility (PMF) to monitor the application processes > Reliable application shutdown > Tunable local restart and failover decisions > Can perform simple TCP handshake level monitoring > Optionally specify a monitor script for detailed application health checks β€’ Can generate Agent in ksh, C and GDS β€’ Creates a Solaris package for the Agent Solaris Cluster Roadshow 67
  • 68. Sun Cluster Agent Builder Create Screen Solaris Cluster Roadshow 68
  • 69. Sun Cluster Agent Builder Configure Screen Solaris Cluster Roadshow 69
  • 70. Developing Application Agents on Solaris Cluster Exercise Solaris Cluster Roadshow 70
  • 71. Agent Development Exercise β€’ Double check that Apache is setup correctly – Start it on BOTH nodes with /usr/apache2/bin/apachectl start – Check /var/apache2/logs/error_log in case of failures – Start web browser and connect with apache – Stop apache β€’ Start scdsbuilder and create a custom Apache Agent – Remember to set your DISPLAY shell variable – Suggest using GDS, Failover and Network aware – Use your own start, stop, validate and probes – Package would be created in working directory/pkg – Pkgadd it on all cluster nodes Solaris Cluster Roadshow 71
  • 72. Exercise contd... β€’ Deploy your Agent – Run /ws/galileo/tools/bin/labinfo -v $your-cluster-name – Look under the headings β€œFailover ADDRESSES” and β€œShared ADDRESSES” to find out available HA hostnames – Make sure the HA address you are going to use is not configured already – Run /opt/$pkgname/util/startapache -h <logical-hostname> -p 80/tcp β€’ Test your Agent – Kill the Apache processes, they should be restarted – Reboot the node running Apache, it should fail over to the other node Solaris Cluster Roadshow 72
  • 73. More informations ? Solaris Cluster Roadshow 73
  • 74. For further information β€’ Check out Solaris Cluster blogs - http://blogs.sun.com/SC β€’ Discuss Solaris Cluster @ Sun Developer Network (SDN) http://forum.java.sun.com/forum.jspa?forumID=842 β€’ Check out http://www.sun.com/cluster β€’ Download Solaris Cluster software @ http://www.sun.com/download β€’ Get trained in Solaris Cluster @ http://www.sun.com/training/catalog/server/cluster.xml β€’ SC Documentation @ http://docs.sun.com > SC 3.2 Documentation Center http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/doc/820-0335/ Solaris Cluster Roadshow 74