Urban Gardening with Native Plants
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Presented at the 2018 Native Plants in the Landscape Conference at Millersville, Pennsylvania
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Urban Gardening with Native Plants
- 1. Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener) Native Plants in the Landscape Conference 2018 URBAN GARDENING WITH NATIVE PLANTS
- 2. About Me Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)2
- 3. 1981-1992: East Village, Manhattan Lesson: Buildings -> Shade 1992-2002: Park Slope, Brooklyn Lesson: Concrete -> Containers 2002-2005: Park Slope Lesson: Weeds and Invasives 2005 to Present: Flatbush, Brooklyn Lessons: all of the above My New York City Gardens Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)3
- 4. Genius Loci Geography is Destiny Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)4
- 5. Long Island Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)5 NASA Landsat satellite global mosaic image of Long Island, New York
- 6. Long Island Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)6 Bennington, J Bret, 2003. New observations on the glacial geomorphology of Long Island from a digital elevation model (DEM). Long Island Geologists Conference, Stony Brook, New York, April 2003. HHm: Harbor Hill Moraine My Garden Glacial Outwash Plain
- 7. Central Brooklyn Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)7 My Garden Greenwood Cemetery Grand Army Plaza Prospect Park Prospect Lake Prospect Expressway Gowanus Canal B/Q Subway Line HHm
- 8. “Flatbush”: Anglicization of old Dutch: • “vlachtebos” (vlacke bos, vladbos, flakkebos) Land use History: • Home of Lenape and Canarsie • Dutch “settled” in early 1600s • Primarily used for agriculture: woodland -> pasture, meadow • Last farms converted to residential in 1890s, early 1900s: pasture/meadow -> savannah The Wooded Plain Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)8
- 9. Ground Truth (My Neighborhood) Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)9
- 10. Ecological Regions (EcoRegions) Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)10
- 11. My Garden Garden Where You Are Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)11
- 12. 2009: Certificate in Horticulture, Brooklyn Botanic Garden 2011: National Wildlife Federation Wildlife Habitat #141,173 2012: Xerces Society Pollinator Habitat 2017: NABA Butterfly Garden #2348 and Monarch Garden Garden #4 Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)12
- 13. My Backyard Native Plant Garden Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)13
- 14. The Front Yard Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)14
- 15. Biodiversity If you plant it, they will come Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)15
- 16. Plants 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Other Regional Native NYC-Native Total Total, NYC-Native Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)16
- 17. Family Common Name # Species Coleoptera Beetles 19 Diptera Flies 23 Hemiptera Bugs 9 Hymenoptera Bees 27 Hymenoptera Wasps 26 Lepidoptera Butterflies, Moths, and Skippers 22 126 Insects in my Garden Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)17
- 18. Allium triccocum, ramps Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)18
- 19. Aquilegia canadensis, red columbine Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)19
- 20. Aristolochia tomentosa, pipevine Battus philenor, pipevine swallowtail Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)20
- 21. Coccinella novemnotata, C9 Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)21
- 22. Stop using pesticides in the garden. Not just insecticides, but herbicides, fungicides, etc. Grow more native plants, and more varieties of them. Many insects feed on plants in their larval stages, e.g.: caterpillars, and can't feed effectively on plants with which they haven't co-evolved. A variety of native plant species also provides more flowers to provide nectar and pollen for adult insects. Choose plants that have clusters of small flowers, which will attract a larger diversity of insects than big, blowsy flowers. Leave piles of leaf litter, old logs and branches, standing dead stems of plants. These provide shelter for eggs, pupae, and adults. Gardening for Insects Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)22
- 23. Colletes thoracicus, cellophane bee Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)23
- 24. Dioprosopa clavata, four-speckled hoverfly Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)24
- 25. Heuchera ‘Caramel’ Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)25
- 26. Impatiens capensis, orange jewelweed Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)26
- 27. Oxalis stricta, yellow wood-sorrel Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)27
- 28. Pycnanthemum muticum, mountain-mint Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)28
- 29. Sphecius speciosus, cicada killer Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)29
- 30. Viburnum dentatum, arrowwood Pyrrhalta viburni, Viburnum leaf beetle Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)30
- 31. Yucca filamentosa, Adam’s needle Carpophilus melanopterus, Yucca beetle Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)31
- 32. Why Bother? Living (and Gardening) in the Anthropocene Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)32
- 33. Climate Change Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)33
- 34. The Sixth Extinction Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)34
- 35. Defiance and Resistance Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)35
- 36. Twitter: Flatbush Gardener https://twitter.com/xrisfg/ Blog: Flatbush Gardener https://flatbush gardener.blogspot.com/ Flickr: Flatbush Gardener https://flickr.com/flatbushgardener Email: xrisfg@gmail.com Contact Chris Kreussling (Flatbush Gardener)36
Editor's Notes
- PLACE: Long Island Geography > NYC Eco-Regions > Flatbush The arrows denote the approximate locations of the northern Harbor Hill Moraine, and southern Ronkonkoma Moraine, deposited by the receding Wisconsin glacier about 21,000 years ago. Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Long_Island NASA Landsat satellite global mosaic image of Long Island, New York URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Long_Island_Landsat_Mosaic.jpg
- Rpm: Roanoke Point Moraine – North Fork Rm: Ronkonkoma Moraine – South Fork HHm: Harbor Hill Moraine – North Shore, into Brooklyn and Staten Island Kd: Kame Deltas
- My garden is located roughly ½ mile south of Prospect Lake.
- One of five townships consolidated into the City of Brooklyn (Kings County) in 1890s. Primarily used for agriculture: woodland -> pasture, meadow Railways provided access from “the city” (Brooklyn) through “the country” (Flatbush) to beach resorts, e.g.: Coney Island 1870s: Prospect Park 1880s: Brooklyn Bridge Excursion railways converted to commuter lines Last farms converted to residential in 1890s, early 1900s: pasture/meadow -> savannah Refs: https://native-land.ca/
- http://ecologicalregions.info/htm/na_eco.htm https://www.epa.gov/eco-research/ecoregions https://www.epa.gov/eco-research/ecoregions-north-america Bailey (Roman numerals for Levels) v. Omernik/EPA (3-digit #s + letters) Bailey: Levels I, II, and III Level I: 8.0 Eastern Temperate Forests 5.0 Northern Forests Level II: 8.5 Mississippi Alluvial and Southeast USA Coastal Plains 8.3 Southeastern USA Plains 8.1 Mixed Wood Plains Level III: 8.1.7/59: Northeastern Coastal Zone 8.5.4/84: Atlantic Coastal Pine Barrens 8.3.1/64: Northern Piedmont Level IV (Omernik):
- URL: http://goo.gl/8LgEN#mygarden
- 2009: Certificate in Horticulture, Brooklyn Botanic Garden 2011: @NWF Wildlife Habitat #141,173, first garden tours for NYC Wildflower Week and Victorian Flatbush House (& Garden!) Tour 2012: Xerces Society Pollinator Habitat 2017: NABA Butterfly and Monarch Garden
- 2014 – replaced front yard
- Native Plants Species Acquisitions – “Plant More” Can you tell from this chart the first year I attended NPILC?!
- Cumulative count of my observations of insects in my garden Excludes many other arthropod groups, including other insect families not listed here, spiders, centipedes, millipedes, etc. 1st BugGuide post: 2007! Neotibicen canicularis, dog-day/annual cicada: https://bugguide.net/node/view/151051 Joined iNaturalist in 2013, but posted my first observation in 2017: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/6589569
- Limestone Calcareous Alvar Grike
- Glossary: Extirpated http://flatbushgardener.blogspot.com/2006/06/news-june-15-2006-albany-ny.html http://flatbushgardener.blogspot.com/2016/06/coccinella-novemnotata-nine-spotted.html Timeline 1970: Coccinella novemnotata (C9) is the most common lady beetle species in the northeastern U.S. 1980: Nominated as New York state insect. 1980s: Begins rapidly declining. Speculation as to causes includes competition with introduced species, but no definitive answers have yet been found. 1982: Last seen in New York state. 1989: Designated NY State Insect, despite being apparently absent for 7 years. 1992: Last seen in the eastern U.S. 2000: The Lost Ladybug Project initiated as a citizen science project. 2006-06-15: Bill 2005-A06247 passes the NY State Assembly to change the state insect from Coccinella novemnotata, extirpated from NY State, to Coleomegilla maculata. October 2006: C9 re-discovered in Virginia, first time it's seen on the East Coast since 1992, 14 years. 2011-07-30: C9 rediscovered on Long Island, first time seen in New York since 1982, 29 years. 2016: Lost Ladybug Project launches program to re-introduce captively bred C9
- NEW YORK STATE RECORD Glossary: Adventive
- Glossary: Native Hybrid Selection Cultivar Patent Plant Patent (PP) #15,560 https://patents.google.com/patent/USPP16560P3/en Sandrine Delabroye “The inventor discovered the new cultivar, ‘Caramel’ as a chance seedling in a cultivated nursery bed in Hantay, France, CT in 2003. Although the parentage is unknown, the characteristics of the new cultivar and the proximity of plants of Heuchera villosa ‘Autumn Bride’ (not patented) suggests that ‘Autumn Pride’ is a probable parent.”
- Volunteers and urban habitats – the “moist meadow”
- What’s a “weed”? Other native weeds: Acalypha virginica, Virginia Copperleaf, Virginia Threeseed Mercury Ageratina altissima, white snakeroot Amaranthus retroflexus, Redroot Pigweed (Amaranth) Conyza canadensis (Erigeron canadensis), Horseweed Erechtites hieraciifolius, American burnweed Juncus tenuis, Slender Rush, Path Rush, Poverty Rush Lepidium virginicum, Virginia pepperweed, peppergrass Lobelia inflata, Indian tobacco, puke weed Oxalis stricta, Upright Yellow Wood-Sorrel, Common Yellow Oxalis Phytolacca americana, Pokeweed Plantago rugelii, blackseed plantain Solanum ptycanthum, Eastern Black Nightshade Viola sororia, Common Blue Violet
- Pycnanthemum muticum, clustered mountain-mint Pollinator magnet https://vimeo.com/136679893
- Sphecius speciosus, Eastern cicada killer
- Pyrrhalta viburni, Viburnum leaf beetle
- Yucca beetle
- Population Urbanization Habitat Loss Environmental Justice
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_New_York https://whitneyhess.com/blog/2012/11/05/the-people-who-were-killed-by-hurricane-sandy/ 65 people died in New York state, 44 of them in New York City, 8 in Brooklyn, as a result of Sandy.