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Today‘s Lecture
These powerpoint files were produced for the Earth History class at the Free University Berlin,
Department of Geological Sciences

The copyright for texts, graphical elements, and images lies with C. Heubeck, unless otherwise
specified.

Download, reproduction and redistribution of theses pages in any form is hereby permitted for
private, personal, non-commercial, and class-related purposes use as long as the source is
identified.

Despite of my efforts, I cannot guarantee the completeness, correctness and actuality of the                              Reservoirs
material.

Prof. Christoph Heubeck
Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften
Freie Universität Berlin
Malteserstr. 74-100
12249 Berlin
GERMANY

ph: ++49-(0)30-83870695         fax: ++49-(0)30-83870734
cheubeck@zedat.fu-berlin.de     http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~cheubeck/




           Today‘s Lecture: Reservoirs                                                              What is a Petroleum Reservoir ?


 • What is a reservoir ?                                                                                      A petroleum reservoir is an accumulation
 • What types of reservoirs exist ?                                                                                 of oil (and gas) in porous rock.
 • Why study petroleum reservoirs ?
 • Three examples
 • Links and Literature
                                                                                                  A reservoir is that volume of rock that occurs downdip of a seal
                                                                                                  and updip of the 100% Sw oil-free level. The HCs in the pores are
                                                                                                  in pressure- and Sw-equilibrium with the free-water level.




                                                                                                                                                                      1
What kind of reservoirs ?                                                           carbonate reservoir facies

                                                                                              •   Marine embayment
                                                                                              •   Sabkha/tidal flat
                                                                                              •   Restricted shelf/lagoon
                                                                                              •   Open shelf
                                                                                              •   Nearshore bar/beach
                                                                                              •   Offshore bar
                                                                                              •   Platform/ramp margin shoal
                                                                                              •   High-energy ramp
                                                                                              •   Pinnacle reef
                                                                                              •
                                          • Siliciclastic                                     •
                                                                                              •
                                                                                                  Patch reef
                                                                                                  Reef mound
                                                                                                  Barrier reef
                                          • Carbonate                                         •
                                                                                              •
                                                                                                  Fringing reef
                                                                                                  Skeletal bank
                                          • Fractured                                         •
                                                                                              •
                                                                                                  Mud-rich reef mound
                                                                                                  Mud-rich skeletal bank
                                                                                              •   Karst-related detrital wedge
                                                                                              •   Debris flow/turbidite
                                                                                              •   Pelagic
                                                                                              •   Coquina bank




                                                                                                                                   C&C reservoirs




                                            Siliciclastic reservoir facies                                                         Fractured reservoirs
Not deep-water                    Deep-water                                                  •   BASEMENT
• Alluvial fan                    • Debris flow/turbidite                                     •   BURIAL DOLOMITE
                                  • Pelagic                                                   •   CARBONATE SAND
•   Meandering river              • Sublacustrine fan                                         •   CHERT AND SILICEOUS SHALE
•   Braided river                                                                             •   COAL BED
•   Straight/anastomosing river   •   Gravel-rich slope/basin                                 •   FORESLOPE CARBONATE
                                  •   Mud-rich slope/basin                                    •   FORESLOPE CHALK
•   Mixed aeolian/fluvial         •   Submarine canyon                                        •   FORESLOPE CHERT
•   Erg                           •   Slope apron                                             •   MICROPOROUS CHERT
•   Lacustrine delta                                                                          •   MICROPOROUS DIATOMITE
•   Shoreline/shelf               •   Submarine-fan channel                                   •   MICROPOROUS DOLOMITE
•   Estuary                       •   Submarine-fan lobe                                      •   MICROPOROUS LIMESTONE
•   Coastal plain                 •   Submarine-fan lobe                                      •   MUDDY CARBONATE
•   Tidal flat                    •   Submarine-fan channel levee                             •   MUDDY DOLOMITE
•   Barrier-island/lagoon                                                                     •   ORGANIC BUILDUP
•   Strandplain/chenier                                                                       •   SHALE
•   Shoreface-shelf                                                                           •   SHALE AND SILTSTONE
                                                                                              •   SHELF CHALK
•   Delta                                                                                     •   SILICEOUS SHALE
•   Glaciofluvial                                                                             •   TIGHT SANDSTONE
•   Lacustrine river-delta                                                                    •   VOLCANICS
•   Lacustrine fan-delta                                                                      •   KARSTIC/ CARBONATE SAND
•   Fluvial-dominated delta                                                                   •   KARSTIC/ MUDDY CARBONATE
•   Wave-dominated delta                                                                      •   KARSTIC/ MUDDY DOLOMITE
•   Tide-dominated delta                                                                      •   KARSTIC/ ORGANIC BUILDUP
•   Mixed-influence delta                                                                     •   LOW-RESISTIVITY SANDSTONE
•   Marine fan-delta                                                                          •   TIGHT CONGLOMERATE
                                                                             C&C reservoirs   •   TIGHT SANDSTONE




                                                                                                                                                              2
Zhanjiajie, Hunan Province
                                                                   The view of your Petroleum Engineer



                                                                             A reservoir is a tank to be drained




                                                                   Why study Petroleum Reservoirs ?
      Questions you need to answer


 • What is the most efficient way to empty the tank ?
 • What do I need to know about its internal structure ?
 • What obstacles am I likely to encounter ?




One of the main objectives of reservoir geology evaluation is to
examine the impact of reservoir heterogeneities on reservoir
behaviour.




                                                                                                                   3
Levels of Reservoir Heterogeneity                                                                                                 How is permeability (k) and porosity (φ) related ?

                                    Flow patterns,                                                                      Grain and Pore Scale
                              drainage efficiency,
             vertical and lateral sweep efficiency
                                                                  0.1-
                                                                  1m




             k, So/Sw , flow,
         formation damage                      1-10
                                               cm




                                                                         1- 100
                                                                         m
                           0.1-10
                           mm
                                                                                                                                                                              http://www.creationresearch.org/vacrc/sem02.html
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Hairy Illite
                                                      0.1-10                                                                                                                                                       Rotliegendes-
                                                      km
1-100µ
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Problem


                                                                                        HC volume,                                                                             Kaolinite
                                                                                  areal distribution,
                                                                                        play trends




                                                                                                                                             Reservoir Heterogeneity Matrix


                                                                                                                                             Low                          Moderate                                 High

                                                                                                                                             Wave-dominated delta         Delta-front mouth bar                    Meander belt
                                                                                                                                             Barrier core                 Proximal delta front                     Fluvially-dominated
                                                                                                                                 Low                                                                               delta
                                                                                                                                             Barrier shoreface            Tidal deposits
                                                                                                                                             Sand-rich shoreface          Mud-rich strand plain                    Back barrier
            “The geological and reservoir properties of sedimentary rocks depend




                                                                                                        Vertical Heterogeneity
            upon an interplay of tectonics, sea level, sediment supply, physical and                                                         Eolian                       Shelf bars                               Braided stream
            biological processes of sediment transport and deposition, and climate.”                                                         Wave-modified delta          Alluvial fans                            Tide-domainated delta




                                                                                                                                  Moderate
                                                                                                                                             (distal)                     Fan delta
                                                                                                                                                                          Lacustrine delta
                                                                                                                                                                          Distal delta front
                                                                                                                                                                          Wave-modified delta
                                                                                                                                                                          (proximal)
                                                                                                                                             Basin-floor turbidites       Coarse-grained meander belt              Back barrier
                                                                                                                                                                          Braid delta                              Fluvially-dom. delta
                                                                                                                                 High                                                                              Fine-grained meander
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   belt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Submarine fans



                                                                                                                                                                      Lateral Heterogeneity




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           4
Depositional Environments                                                      How is permeability (k) and porosity (φ) related ?
                         10000
                                                                                                     DEs take influence        Reservoir-Scale: 3-Dimensionality; Heterogeneity
                                                                                         Beach       through grain size,
                                                          Barrier Bar
                                                                                                     sorting, clay content,
                          1000                                                                       mineralogy
                                                     Tidal Flat

                                                                                                  Tidal Ridge
Air Permeability (mD)




                           100




                            10
                                                                                                                                Navajo Sandstone, Utah
                                                                                                                                Äolische Dünen
                                                                           Lagoon
                                                                                                                Average and
                                                                                                                Limits of
                             1
                                                                                                                porosity and                    Kmax ?           φ max ?
                                      Swamp                                                                     permeability                    K min ?            φ min

                            0,1
                                  0       5          10       15      20      25    30       35
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Namib


                        After Nagtegaal, 1978;               Porosity (%)
                        modified from Selley, 1998                                                                                                                  http://www.bdrg.esci.keele.ac.uk/Staff/mountney/sedimentary_research/sed_research_frames.htm




                                                                                                   Instructions from a Guru
                                                                                                   (Bob Sneider)                                What data are available ?

                                                                                                                                                 Data Type                                                     Use
                                                                                                                                Core (slabbed or oriented)                     Facies, dep environment
                                                                                                                                Sidewall cores                                 Paleocourrent directions
                                                                                                                                Cuttings                                       Mineralogy, lithology
                                                                                                                                Thin sections                                  Mineralogy, lithology
                                                                                                                                Paleontology (micro, macro, traces),           Water depth, dep environment, time
                                                                                                                                Palynology                                     line; pcurrent direction, lithofacies

                                                                                                                                Logs
                                                                                                                                FMS / FMI                                      Pcurrent directions, lithofacies
                                                                                                                                SP,GR                                          Lithology, curve shape analysis
                                                                                                                                Sonic, density, neutron                        Porosity, curve shape analysis
                                                                                                                                Repeat Formation Tester                        Pressure (sand body connectedness)




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   5
How is permeability (k) and porosity (φ) related ?
Basin scale                                                                         Three samples of
                                                                                    ~21 % porosity




                                                                                    CoreLab Promotionary
                                                                                    Material




                                                             Three samples of       Three samples of
                                                             ~21 % porosity         ~21 % porosity




                                                             CoreLab Promotionary   CoreLab Promotionary
                                                             Material               Material




                                                                                                           6
Deep-water fan morphology

                                                                                                                                    Slope

                                                                                                Upper Fan                   Channels
                                                                                                                                                Overbanks
                                                                                                             Lobes

        How does depositional                                                                                                       Channel-
                                                                                                                                    Mouth Bar
      environment affect reservoir                                                              Mid-Fan
                                                                                                                                                  Lobes
             properties ?                                                                                    Lobes

                                                                                                                                        Lobe
                                                                                                                            Lobes      Fringe


                                                                                                                                                     Basin Plain
                                                                                                Lower Fan




                                                                                                            Example: Model of deep-water fan morphology
             Reservoir potential of turbidite facies



Mutti                                       Layer       Lateral     Depositional   Reservoir
          Principal       Lithology
                                          Thickness    Continuity    Porosity      Potential
Facies   Environment      ms   ss   cgl
                                          1   10 100   Poor good    low     high   Low   high

           Proximal
  A
           Channel

  B      Distal Channel


  C          Lobe


  D       Lobe Fringe


  E        Overbank


  F          Slope


  G       Basin Plain




                                                                                                                                                                   7
Three Examples                                                                          •Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska
• Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska
• Seneca Field, Ohio
• Pecos Field, Alberta




 All scanned graphs from articles in

 John H. Barwis, John G. McPherson, Joseph R.J. Studlick, 1990, Sandstone
 Petroleum Reservoirs (Casebooks in Earth Sciences): Springer Verlag New York,
 582 p.




                Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska                                                                          Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska




http://www.arcticphoto.co.uk




                                                                                                                  Permian braid-plain stream
                                                                http://www.channel6.dk/native/uk/page214.html
                                                                                                                  and gravelly delta deposits




                                                                                                                                                8
Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska / Salar del Carmen, N Chile
                                                                           Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska / Sierra de Argomedo, N Chile




Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska / Sierra de Argfomedo, N Chile                   Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska




                                                           Vertical view
                                                           from bridge,
                                                           south of
                                                           Santa Cruz




                                                                                                                                     9
Type log         Relationship between petrophysical and geological parameter
                                 • Lithology
                                 • Permeability
                                 • Porosity
                                 • Depositional
                                   Environment




                                                  Which facies has the better reservoir quality ?




             Seneca Gas Field                                   Seneca Gas Field: Log-correlation


Lower Silurian isopach map (in
ft) in SE Ohio showing 3 major
depositional lobes




                                                                                                                10
Seneca Gas Field: Sand Isopachs
Seneca Gas Field: Core sketches




Seneca Gas Field: Sand Isopachs   Seneca Gas Field: Sand Isopachs




                                                                                 Altwasser (abgeschnittener
                                                                                 Mäanderarm)
                                                                Mäander                                   Gleithang

                                                             Prallhang




                                                                                                              Flussaue

                                                                     Gleithang
                                                                                             Mäanderhals (zukünftige
                                                                                             Abkürzung des Flußlaufs)




                                                                                                                         11
Seneca Gas Field: Sand Isopachs                  Seneca Gas Field: Detailed isopach mapping

                                                  “Birdfoot Delta” geometry




       Peco Gas Field: Structural Cross section           Peco Gas Field: Structure Map Top Reservoir




Anticline in footwall of thrust sheet




                                                                                                            12
Peco Gas Field: Type log description                                          Peco Gas Field: Stratigraphic cross-section Through Peco A, N Pool


                                              Fining-upward fluvial
                                              facies




                                                                      Thickness and lateral
                                                                      extent of reservoir




Peco Gas Field: Facies, reservoir character
                                                                               Lectura                        Practica             Lectura
                                                                               9:15-10:45                     11:30-13:00          15:15-16:45
                                                                      Lu       Lectura 1 / 2 (Introduction;   Lab 2 (Internet      Lectura 3 (Geochemistry: Origin of
                                                                               The petroleum system)          resources)           HC; organic matter, source rocks,
                                                                                                                                   accumulation. The "petroleum
                                                                                                                                   kitchen")

                                                                      Ma       Lectura 4 (porosidad,          Lab 4 (Porosity      Lectura 6 (The reservoir: Lithology,
                                                                               permeabilidad)                 calculation)         geometry, and facies. Reservoir
                                                                                                                                   characterization and management)

                                                                      Mi       Lectura 5 (Reservoir           Lab 5 (Bound         Lectura 7 (Reservoir engineering:
                                                                               petrophysics: capillary        water, capillarity   Drive mechanisms, phase behavior,
                                                                               pressure, pore-size            exercise)            production problems, scale
                                                                               distribution, bound water                           formation etc.)
                                                                               etc.)

                                                                      Ju       Lectura 9 (Logging             Lab 9 (Logging       Lectura 8 (Geophysics in
                                                                               concepts and tools;            exercise)            exploration and reservoir
                                                                               quantitative evaluation of                          management)
                                                                               lithology, fluids, and
                                                                               porosity)

                                                                      Vi       Lectura 10 (Exploration:       Lab 10 (Petro        Lectura 11 (Summary: Reserves
                                                                               Hydrocarbon classification     Mod)                 and Resources, unconventional HC)
                                                                               of basins; play types)




                                                                                                                                                                          13
Links and Literature

Links
• http://www.ccreservoirs.com/reservoirtypes.htm
  (3 lists of approx. 300 fields in each category;
  along with some short description / classification:
  good enough for a start).


Literature
• John H. Barwis, John G. McPherson, Joseph R.J.
  Studlick, 1990, Sandstone Petroleum Reservoirs
  (Casebooks in Earth Sciences): Springer Verlag
  New York, 582 p.




                                                        14

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06 reservoir bw

  • 1. Today‘s Lecture These powerpoint files were produced for the Earth History class at the Free University Berlin, Department of Geological Sciences The copyright for texts, graphical elements, and images lies with C. Heubeck, unless otherwise specified. Download, reproduction and redistribution of theses pages in any form is hereby permitted for private, personal, non-commercial, and class-related purposes use as long as the source is identified. Despite of my efforts, I cannot guarantee the completeness, correctness and actuality of the Reservoirs material. Prof. Christoph Heubeck Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften Freie Universität Berlin Malteserstr. 74-100 12249 Berlin GERMANY ph: ++49-(0)30-83870695 fax: ++49-(0)30-83870734 cheubeck@zedat.fu-berlin.de http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~cheubeck/ Today‘s Lecture: Reservoirs What is a Petroleum Reservoir ? • What is a reservoir ? A petroleum reservoir is an accumulation • What types of reservoirs exist ? of oil (and gas) in porous rock. • Why study petroleum reservoirs ? • Three examples • Links and Literature A reservoir is that volume of rock that occurs downdip of a seal and updip of the 100% Sw oil-free level. The HCs in the pores are in pressure- and Sw-equilibrium with the free-water level. 1
  • 2. What kind of reservoirs ? carbonate reservoir facies • Marine embayment • Sabkha/tidal flat • Restricted shelf/lagoon • Open shelf • Nearshore bar/beach • Offshore bar • Platform/ramp margin shoal • High-energy ramp • Pinnacle reef • • Siliciclastic • • Patch reef Reef mound Barrier reef • Carbonate • • Fringing reef Skeletal bank • Fractured • • Mud-rich reef mound Mud-rich skeletal bank • Karst-related detrital wedge • Debris flow/turbidite • Pelagic • Coquina bank C&C reservoirs Siliciclastic reservoir facies Fractured reservoirs Not deep-water Deep-water • BASEMENT • Alluvial fan • Debris flow/turbidite • BURIAL DOLOMITE • Pelagic • CARBONATE SAND • Meandering river • Sublacustrine fan • CHERT AND SILICEOUS SHALE • Braided river • COAL BED • Straight/anastomosing river • Gravel-rich slope/basin • FORESLOPE CARBONATE • Mud-rich slope/basin • FORESLOPE CHALK • Mixed aeolian/fluvial • Submarine canyon • FORESLOPE CHERT • Erg • Slope apron • MICROPOROUS CHERT • Lacustrine delta • MICROPOROUS DIATOMITE • Shoreline/shelf • Submarine-fan channel • MICROPOROUS DOLOMITE • Estuary • Submarine-fan lobe • MICROPOROUS LIMESTONE • Coastal plain • Submarine-fan lobe • MUDDY CARBONATE • Tidal flat • Submarine-fan channel levee • MUDDY DOLOMITE • Barrier-island/lagoon • ORGANIC BUILDUP • Strandplain/chenier • SHALE • Shoreface-shelf • SHALE AND SILTSTONE • SHELF CHALK • Delta • SILICEOUS SHALE • Glaciofluvial • TIGHT SANDSTONE • Lacustrine river-delta • VOLCANICS • Lacustrine fan-delta • KARSTIC/ CARBONATE SAND • Fluvial-dominated delta • KARSTIC/ MUDDY CARBONATE • Wave-dominated delta • KARSTIC/ MUDDY DOLOMITE • Tide-dominated delta • KARSTIC/ ORGANIC BUILDUP • Mixed-influence delta • LOW-RESISTIVITY SANDSTONE • Marine fan-delta • TIGHT CONGLOMERATE C&C reservoirs • TIGHT SANDSTONE 2
  • 3. Zhanjiajie, Hunan Province The view of your Petroleum Engineer A reservoir is a tank to be drained Why study Petroleum Reservoirs ? Questions you need to answer • What is the most efficient way to empty the tank ? • What do I need to know about its internal structure ? • What obstacles am I likely to encounter ? One of the main objectives of reservoir geology evaluation is to examine the impact of reservoir heterogeneities on reservoir behaviour. 3
  • 4. Levels of Reservoir Heterogeneity How is permeability (k) and porosity (φ) related ? Flow patterns, Grain and Pore Scale drainage efficiency, vertical and lateral sweep efficiency 0.1- 1m k, So/Sw , flow, formation damage 1-10 cm 1- 100 m 0.1-10 mm http://www.creationresearch.org/vacrc/sem02.html Hairy Illite 0.1-10 Rotliegendes- km 1-100µ Problem HC volume, Kaolinite areal distribution, play trends Reservoir Heterogeneity Matrix Low Moderate High Wave-dominated delta Delta-front mouth bar Meander belt Barrier core Proximal delta front Fluvially-dominated Low delta Barrier shoreface Tidal deposits Sand-rich shoreface Mud-rich strand plain Back barrier “The geological and reservoir properties of sedimentary rocks depend Vertical Heterogeneity upon an interplay of tectonics, sea level, sediment supply, physical and Eolian Shelf bars Braided stream biological processes of sediment transport and deposition, and climate.” Wave-modified delta Alluvial fans Tide-domainated delta Moderate (distal) Fan delta Lacustrine delta Distal delta front Wave-modified delta (proximal) Basin-floor turbidites Coarse-grained meander belt Back barrier Braid delta Fluvially-dom. delta High Fine-grained meander belt Submarine fans Lateral Heterogeneity 4
  • 5. Depositional Environments How is permeability (k) and porosity (φ) related ? 10000 DEs take influence Reservoir-Scale: 3-Dimensionality; Heterogeneity Beach through grain size, Barrier Bar sorting, clay content, 1000 mineralogy Tidal Flat Tidal Ridge Air Permeability (mD) 100 10 Navajo Sandstone, Utah Äolische Dünen Lagoon Average and Limits of 1 porosity and Kmax ? φ max ? Swamp permeability K min ? φ min 0,1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Namib After Nagtegaal, 1978; Porosity (%) modified from Selley, 1998 http://www.bdrg.esci.keele.ac.uk/Staff/mountney/sedimentary_research/sed_research_frames.htm Instructions from a Guru (Bob Sneider) What data are available ? Data Type Use Core (slabbed or oriented) Facies, dep environment Sidewall cores Paleocourrent directions Cuttings Mineralogy, lithology Thin sections Mineralogy, lithology Paleontology (micro, macro, traces), Water depth, dep environment, time Palynology line; pcurrent direction, lithofacies Logs FMS / FMI Pcurrent directions, lithofacies SP,GR Lithology, curve shape analysis Sonic, density, neutron Porosity, curve shape analysis Repeat Formation Tester Pressure (sand body connectedness) 5
  • 6. How is permeability (k) and porosity (φ) related ? Basin scale Three samples of ~21 % porosity CoreLab Promotionary Material Three samples of Three samples of ~21 % porosity ~21 % porosity CoreLab Promotionary CoreLab Promotionary Material Material 6
  • 7. Deep-water fan morphology Slope Upper Fan Channels Overbanks Lobes How does depositional Channel- Mouth Bar environment affect reservoir Mid-Fan Lobes properties ? Lobes Lobe Lobes Fringe Basin Plain Lower Fan Example: Model of deep-water fan morphology Reservoir potential of turbidite facies Mutti Layer Lateral Depositional Reservoir Principal Lithology Thickness Continuity Porosity Potential Facies Environment ms ss cgl 1 10 100 Poor good low high Low high Proximal A Channel B Distal Channel C Lobe D Lobe Fringe E Overbank F Slope G Basin Plain 7
  • 8. Three Examples •Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska • Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska • Seneca Field, Ohio • Pecos Field, Alberta All scanned graphs from articles in John H. Barwis, John G. McPherson, Joseph R.J. Studlick, 1990, Sandstone Petroleum Reservoirs (Casebooks in Earth Sciences): Springer Verlag New York, 582 p. Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska http://www.arcticphoto.co.uk Permian braid-plain stream http://www.channel6.dk/native/uk/page214.html and gravelly delta deposits 8
  • 9. Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska / Salar del Carmen, N Chile Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska / Sierra de Argomedo, N Chile Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska / Sierra de Argfomedo, N Chile Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska Vertical view from bridge, south of Santa Cruz 9
  • 10. Type log Relationship between petrophysical and geological parameter • Lithology • Permeability • Porosity • Depositional Environment Which facies has the better reservoir quality ? Seneca Gas Field Seneca Gas Field: Log-correlation Lower Silurian isopach map (in ft) in SE Ohio showing 3 major depositional lobes 10
  • 11. Seneca Gas Field: Sand Isopachs Seneca Gas Field: Core sketches Seneca Gas Field: Sand Isopachs Seneca Gas Field: Sand Isopachs Altwasser (abgeschnittener Mäanderarm) Mäander Gleithang Prallhang Flussaue Gleithang Mäanderhals (zukünftige Abkürzung des Flußlaufs) 11
  • 12. Seneca Gas Field: Sand Isopachs Seneca Gas Field: Detailed isopach mapping “Birdfoot Delta” geometry Peco Gas Field: Structural Cross section Peco Gas Field: Structure Map Top Reservoir Anticline in footwall of thrust sheet 12
  • 13. Peco Gas Field: Type log description Peco Gas Field: Stratigraphic cross-section Through Peco A, N Pool Fining-upward fluvial facies Thickness and lateral extent of reservoir Peco Gas Field: Facies, reservoir character Lectura Practica Lectura 9:15-10:45 11:30-13:00 15:15-16:45 Lu Lectura 1 / 2 (Introduction; Lab 2 (Internet Lectura 3 (Geochemistry: Origin of The petroleum system) resources) HC; organic matter, source rocks, accumulation. The "petroleum kitchen") Ma Lectura 4 (porosidad, Lab 4 (Porosity Lectura 6 (The reservoir: Lithology, permeabilidad) calculation) geometry, and facies. Reservoir characterization and management) Mi Lectura 5 (Reservoir Lab 5 (Bound Lectura 7 (Reservoir engineering: petrophysics: capillary water, capillarity Drive mechanisms, phase behavior, pressure, pore-size exercise) production problems, scale distribution, bound water formation etc.) etc.) Ju Lectura 9 (Logging Lab 9 (Logging Lectura 8 (Geophysics in concepts and tools; exercise) exploration and reservoir quantitative evaluation of management) lithology, fluids, and porosity) Vi Lectura 10 (Exploration: Lab 10 (Petro Lectura 11 (Summary: Reserves Hydrocarbon classification Mod) and Resources, unconventional HC) of basins; play types) 13
  • 14. Links and Literature Links • http://www.ccreservoirs.com/reservoirtypes.htm (3 lists of approx. 300 fields in each category; along with some short description / classification: good enough for a start). Literature • John H. Barwis, John G. McPherson, Joseph R.J. Studlick, 1990, Sandstone Petroleum Reservoirs (Casebooks in Earth Sciences): Springer Verlag New York, 582 p. 14