1. Yapa Wijeratne
Health
“A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of
diseases or infirmity”
International Health Conference in Newyork 1946.07.22. From 1948.04.07 with the
establishment of WHO under UN, it is accepted till now.
Health is…
1. A fundamental right.
2. Essence of productive life & not the result of ever increase expenditure on medical
care.
3. Intersectoral.
4. A integral part of development.
5. Central to the concept of the quality of life.
6. Involving individual, state, international responsibility.
7. & its maintenance is a major social investment.
8. A worldwide goal.
Physical Health- When all the organs 7 tissues are functioning normally for the individuals
age & sex.
Mental Health- Either a level of cognitive (learning ability) / emotional well being & the
absence of mental disorder.
Social Health- How well you get along with others. When you are socially healthy; you have
loving relationship, respect others rights & give & accept help.
Social determinants of health by WHO
1. Income/ social status
2. Social support network
3. Education/ literacy e.g. health literacy
4. Employment/ working condition
5. Social environment
6. Physical env.
7. Culture
8. Personnel health practice & copying skills
9. Healthy child development.
10. Biological & genetic endowment
11. Health service
12. Gender
Complex interactions among man, agent & environment.
Environment
Host (man) Agent
Agents : biological, physical, chemical, psycho social, nutritional
Environment factor : biological env., physical env. , psycho social env.
Host factors :- biological- mental state, genetics, immunity ; demographic factors-age, sex;
socio economic factors-education, occupation, income ; life style-behavior, habits
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2. Yapa Wijeratne
Mental state largely affect health- problems at school & work place, family & economic;
social, transport & physical health stress disease
Health indicators –Assessment of health
1. Mortality indicators
2. Morbidity indicators
3. Health Service Coverage indicators
4. Risk factor indicators
5. Health System resource indicators
6. Demographic & Socioeconomic indicators
Mortality indicators
1. Crude death rate
2. Infant mortality rate
3. Under 5 year death rate
4. Maternal mortality rate
5. Life expectancy at birth
Morbidity indicators
1. Prevalence of tuberculosis
2. Prevalence of diabetes
3. Distribution of mental disorders
4. Prevalence of heart disease
Health service coverage indicators
1. Antenatal care coverage-caring of pregnant mothers
2. Percentage of birth attended by skilled health personnel-midwives
3. Contraceptive prevalence
4. Immunization coverage-vaccination
5. Number of hospital beds per population
Risk factor indicators
1. Percentage of over weight children among 05 years of age
2. Percentage of under weight new births
3. Percentage of population supply with safe drinking methods
Demographic and socioeconomic indicators
1. Adult literacy rate
2. Expenditure on health services from Gross National Product
3. Population growth rate
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