My neuropsychiatric assignment in Year 5 IUMP.

1. DRUG ABUSE GROUP MEMBERS: AHMAD ABID ABAS [2] AHMAD ASYRAF MOHAMAD [3] AHMAD DANIAL AHMAD FUAD [5] AHMAD FARABI AB MANAF [7] ADIBA MD ZAIN [8] ADIBAH ABDUL JABAR [9] KHAIREZA KHAIRUDIN [10] ASIF AMRI HUSSIN [11]

2. BY:ASIF AMRI BIN HUSSIN (07-5-11)

11. This map shows the Malaysia and it’s states.

12. The following table illustrates the number of drug abuse in Malaysia by states from January to June 2011 and the differences in the number for the same period during 2010.

13. This table shows the number of drug abuser in Malaysia from January to June 2011 and the differences of the numbers in the same months from the last year.

16. The table above shows the number of drug abuser according to the job and the differences in number compared to 2010 statistics.

20. FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DRUG ABUSE by: AHMAD DANIAL BIN AHMAD FUAD,5

27. The A1 allele of the dopamine receptor gene DRD2 is more common in people addicted to alcohol or cocaine Increased expression of the Mpdz gene results in mice experiencing less severe withdrawal symptoms from sedative-hypnotic drugs such as barbiturates Mice bred to lack the cannabinoid receptor gene Cnr1 have a reduced reward response to morphine . Mice bred to lack the serotonin receptor gene Htr1b are more attracted to cocaine and alcohol Mice bred to lack the β2 subunit of nicotinic cholinergic receptors have a reduced reward response to cocaine Mice with low levels of neuropeptide Y drink more alcohol, whereas those with higher levels tend to abstain Fruit flies mutated to be unable to synthesize tyramine remain sedate even after repeated doses of cocaine Mice mutated with a defective Per2 gene drink three times more alcohol than normal Non-smokers are more likely than smokers to carry a protective gene, CYP2A6 , which causes them to feel more nausea and dizziness from smoking Alcoholism is rare in people with two copies of the ALDH*2 gene variation Mice with the Creb gene "knocked-out" are less likely to develop morphine dependence.

32. CLASSIFICATIONS OF DRUG ABUSE

33. Cannabinoids and hallucinogens By: Ahmad Asyraf bin Mohamed (3)

42. Tablets of MDMA

50. AMPHETAMINES ADDICTION By : ADIBAH ABDUL JABAR (9)

59. Tobacco and Inhalants Ahmad Abid Abas 2

62. Adverse Effects on Health

63. Tobacco Free Initiative (WHO)

65. Malaysian Smoking Cessation Programme and Smoke-Free Air Laws

89. A blood toxicology screen can determine the presence and level (amount) of a drug in your body. Urine sample results are usually reported as positive (substance is found) or negative (no substance is found).

91. DRUGS DURATION OF DETECTION IN URINE: Alcohol up to 1 day Amphetamines (including MDMA, MDA) 1-3 days Barbiturates 1-3 days Benzodiazepines 1-3 days Cannabis up to 14 days Cocaine 1-3 days Codeine 1-2 days Cyclizine 1-2 days Dihydrocodeine 1-2 days Heroin (morphine) up to 1 day Methadone 1-3 days 6-MAM up to 1 day

93. PRINCIPLE AND METHODS OF TREATMENT BY: ADIBA MD ZAIN [8]

102. REHABILITATION CENTER

104. Prepared By: AHMAD FARABI BIN AB MANAF (7) PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR ADDICTIVE DISORDER