Rail-led Decentralisation: a proposed rebalancing

1. Rail-led decentralisation: a proposed rebalancing Tony Smith Melbourne Emergence Meetup 12 November 2015

2. 0 5 10 15 205 Scale of Miles 0510 5 10 15 20 25 30 Scale of Kilometres Scale: 1 to 2,000,000 RailwayMapofVictoria,1860 Copyright 1999, Andrew Waugh Broad Gauge (5'3") Standard Gauge (4'8.5") Narrow Gauge (2'6") Other VR Private Scale: 1 to 750,000 Ballarat Area Melbourne Area Scale of Miles Scale of Kilometres 543210 54321 0 Scale: 1 to 350,000 1 1 6 7 8 Inner & Western MelbourneScale: 1 to 150,000 Geelong Sandhurst Scale: 1 to 500,00 Scale: 1 to 500,000 Not Open 5 0 10 5 0 5 10 15 Scale of Kilometres Scale of Miles 5 1 0 1 2 3 4 Scale of Kilometres 1 0 1 2 3 Scale of Miles 50 1 0 1 2 3 Scale of Kilometres Scale of Miles 1 1 2 3 4 5 St Kilda & Brighton Rly Geelong & Melbourne Rly Geelong & Melb Rly Duck Ponds Little River W erribee Diggersrest Sunbury Keilor Rd Balaclava Elsternwick Williamstown W illiam stow n Pier Melbourne Raglan St Sandridge Emerald Hill St Kilda Footscray Geelong Jn FlindersStPrincesBridge Richmond N th M elbourne Geelong Nth Williamstown Footscray (Suburban) Bay Street BotanicalG ardensChapelStreet Cremorne Cowies Ck Melbourne & Hobsons Bay Rly Melbourne Suburban Rly The original version of this presentation started by ﬂipping through decadal rail maps 1860 to 2000, four of which are shown here as a representative sample

3. 0 5 10 15 205 Scale of Miles 0510 5 10 15 20 25 30 Scale of Kilometres Scale: 1 to 2,000,000 RailwayMapofVictoria,1900 Copyright 1999, Andrew Waugh Broad Gauge (5'3") Standard Gauge (4'8.5") Narrow Gauge (2'6") Other VR Private Scale: 1 to 750,000 Ballarat Area Melbourne Area Scale of Miles Scale of Kilometres 543210 54321 0 Scale: 1 to 350,000 1 1 6 7 8 Inner & Western MelbourneScale: 1 to 150,000 Geelong Bendigo Scale: 1 to 500,00 Scale: 1 to 500,000 Not Open 5 0 10 5 0 5 10 15 Scale of Kilometres Scale of Miles 5 1 0 1 2 3 4 Scale of Kilometres 1 0 1 2 3 Scale of Miles 50 1 0 1 2 3 Scale of Kilometres Scale of Miles 1 1 2 3 4 5 Cattle Sdg McDougall's Sdg Merri Merri Sdg Ballast Pit Great Southern Consols Sdg C ave H illSdg Sale W harf Bairnsdale W harf CoalCk BallaratCattleYds Cargeegs Sdg Albion Sdg McKenzie & Hollands Sdg Newmarket Saleyards GasCoysSdg C alifornia G ully C attle Sdg Cattle Sdg W edges Sdg Hay's Sdg Jefferson'sSdg Barkers Ck Sdg Portland Freezing Coy Sdg New HavilahSdg Lethbridge Quarry Sdg Mathieson's Sdg Burkes H ill Sdg Lignite Sdg M dm H opkinsG M Sdg Meat Coy's Sdg Schoolhouse Lane Sdg Lowry Sdg Meat Coys Sdg O'Conner'sBallastSdg Russell's Sdg Cattle Yards Eureka Sdg H ernesO ak GreatM orw ell Coy Sdg Walwal Ballast Pits Horsham Tramway Sdg ColeraineJn C urdiesRiverJn Shelbourne Jn Maldon Jn Wildwoods Sdg Stratford Jn Brooklyn N ew portSth Jn A rden St Yd Melbourne Yard Newport Workshops Cattle Sdg Nth Ballarat Jn Rupertswood Byrneside SpencerCrossing Mt Clear Mt Helen Sulky Bald Hills Shenley Stanley Marcus Hill G annaw arra Woomelang Watchupga Curyo Kinnabulla Karyrie Birchip Morton Plains Watchem Massey Litchfield Lake Buloke Donald Cope Cope Swanwater Sutherland St Arnaud C arapooee Em u Bealiba Goldsborough Dunolly Bet Bet Havelock Simsons M aryborough A delaide Lead Bung Bong H om ebush A voca A m phitheatre Elm hurst Eversley C row lands D unnew orthy W arraYadin Carisbrook MoolortJoycesCreek Daisy Hill Talbot Clunes Tourello Painswick Laurie Tarnagulla Llanelly Arnold's Bridge Bullabul Inglew ood Bridgew ater D erby K urting G lenalbyn Wedderburn Jn Korong Vale Wedderburn W ychitella Buckrabanyule Barrakee C harlton Teddywaddy GlenlothFairviewWycheproof Tyrell Ck Nullawil Kaneira Berriwillock Boigbeat Sea Lake Borung Mysia Boort Barraport Gredgwin Oakvale Quambatook Cannie Lalbert Meatian Ultima Swan Hill Lake Boga Mystic Park Lake Charm Yeoburn Koondrook H inksons South Kerang Tragowel Macorna H appy Valley Linton Trawalla Beaufort M iddleCreek Buangor Dobie's Ararat Armstrong's Great Western Stawell Deep Lead Glenorchy Walwal Lubeck Jackson Rupanyup Hopefield Murtoa JungJung Dooen Horsham Pimpinio Wail Dimboola Gerang Gerung Kiata Salisbury N hill D iapur Miram Piram K aniva Lillim ur Serviceton Antwerp Tarranyurk Jeparit Ellam Pullut Rainbow C orom by Minyip Nullan Sheep Hills Kellalac Warracknabeal Lah Brim Galaquil Beulah Rosebery Goyura Hopetoun V ectisEast Q uantong EastN atim uk N atim uk A rapiles StM ary's G ym bow en G oroke Noradjuha M aroona G len Thom pson D unkeld M outajup Hamilton Branxholme Condah Myamyn Milltown Heywood Portland N th M iakite M erino H enty Sandford Casterton Bochara Wannon G ritjurk Coleraine Beeac O ndit W inchelsea Birregurra Warncoort Irrew arraColac Larpent Pirron Yallock Whoorel Dean's Marsh Pennyroyal Murroon Barwon Downs Gerangamete Yaugher Forrest Stoneyford Pomborneit W eerite C am perdow n Boorcan Terang GarvocPanmure CudgeeAllansford W arrnam bool D ennington Illow a K oroit W arrnambool Pier C rossley K irstall Rosebrook Port Fairy W arrong Woolsthorpe Hawkesdale Minhamite Purdeet Penshurst C rxton East Yatchaw Naroghid Cobden Glenfyne Timboon Mortlake Terang Rc Mincha Pyramid Hill Mologa Mitiamo Prairie Dingee Tandarra Raywood Sebastian Sydney Flat Leichardt M arong Newstead Strangways GuildfordCampbell'sCk Shelbourne Pollard Maldon Muckleford Woodburn Daylesford M usk BullartoLyonvilleTrentham Fern Hill Tylden BallanIngliston Bradshaw 'sC k BacchusParwan Rowsley Staughton SdgMeltonRockbank Elaine Meredith Lethbridge Leigh Rd Gheringhap Moorabool Buckley'sRdM tM oriac PettavelRd G erm antow n Layard Gherang Wormbete Wensleydale Scarborough Drysdale Mannerim Queenscliff Lara Little River W erribee W erribee Rc Fyan'sC reek Grampians Diggers' Sunbury Lancefield Jn Riddell GisborneMacedonW oodend Carlsruhe Kyneton Redesdale Jn Malmsbury Taradale Elphinstone Chewton Castlemaine Harcourt Ravenswood Huntly Bagshot Wellsford Goornong Sth Elmore Elmore Rochester Echuca Moama Echuca Wharf Moira Mathoura Deniliquin Edgecombe Green Hill East Metcalfe Emberton Barfold Redesdale AxeCk A xedale AxedaleRcIngham 'sSdg K now sley D errinalH eathcote South H eathcote Tooboorac Pyalong HighCampPlain Moranding W illowmavin Kilmore Bolinda Monegeeta Monegeeta Nth Romsey Lancefield Bylands Leslie Craigieburn Donnybrook Beveridge Wallan Kilmore Jn Wandong Kilmore East Broadford Tallarook Seymour Mangalore Avenel M onea Burnt Ck Longw ood Creighton Euroa Balm attum Violet Tow n Baddaginnie Benalla W inton Glenrowan W angaratta Beechworth Jn Springhurst Chiltern Lilliput Rutherglen Wahgunyah Londrigans Tarrawingee Everton Lee'sC rossing Beechw orth W oorragee Yackandandah W odonga Albury Bandiana Bonegilla Bethanga Rd H uon Lane Bolga Tallangatta Tatonga C attle Sdg Palm erston M yrtleford O vensV ale Eurobin PorepunkahBright Barnawatha Brookfield Oxley Docker Moyhu Edi Whitfield Goorambat Nooramunga Devenish St James Tungamah Telford Yarrawonga Tabilk Nagambie Wahring Murchison East Arcadia Toolamba M ooroopna Shepparton Congupna Rd Tallygaroopna Wunghnu Numurkah Katunga Strathmerton Yarrow eyahC obram W aaia N athalia Barw o Picola C osgrove Pine Lodge D ookie Yabba Sth Yabba Nth Youanmite Katamatite Tatura M errigum K yabram Tongala K oyuga Echuca Rc M urchison W hroo Rd Sdg W aranga Rushw orth Trawool Falls Creek Sdg Kerrisdale H om ew ood YeaCheviot Molesworth Cathkin Alexandra Rd Yarck Kanumbra M erton W oodfield Bonnie D oon M aindam ple M ansfield Whittlessea Yan Yean Sth Yan Yean C roydon M ooroolbark Lilydale C oldstream Yering Yarra G len Tarraw araH ealesville Bayswater U Ferntree Gully L Ferntree Gully H allam 's Rd N arreW arren Berw ick Beaconsfield O fficer Pakenham N arN arG oon TynongG arfield Bunyip Longwarry Drouin W arragul Bloomfield Darnum Yarragon Trafalgar M oe M orwell TraralgonLoy Yang Flynn's Ck Rosedale Fulham Sale Montgomery Stratford Munro Fernbank LindenowH illsideBairnsdale Briagolong BushyPark Boisdale M affra Tinam ba H eyfield D aw son C ow w arr Toongabbie Glengarry Coalville Narracan Thorpdale Hazelwood Yinnar Boolarra D arlim urla N th M irboo Lillico Buln Buln Crossover Rokeby Bravington Neerim Sth Cranbourne Clyde Tooradin Koo Wee Rup Koo Wee Rup Monomeith Caldermeade Lang Lang Loch Jeetho Bena W hitelaw Korum burra Kardella Ruby Leongatha Koonwarra Tarwin Meeniyan Stony Creek Buffalo Ck Boys FishCreek H oddle Range Foster FranklinRiver TooraAgnesRiver W elshpoolHedley A lberton Gelliondale Port Albert Jumbunna Outtrim Outtrim Nth Hastings Bittern Crib Point Stony Point Portland Marsh Rest Nyora Tyabb Canadian Buninyong Lal Lal Yendon Navigators W arrenheip D unnstow n Bungaree W allaceM illbrook G ordons Ballarat East Ballarat ScarsdaleJn Cardigan Trunk Lead Haddon Nintingbool Smythesdale Scarsdale Newtown Dowling Forest W inderm ere Burrum beet Waubra Jn Creswick Nth Creswick Newlyn Rocky LeadW om bat Leonard's Hill BallaratRc Pisgah MtBlowhard Midas Learm onth NthLearm onth Creswick Rc Broomfield Allendale Kingston Sailor's Fall Addington Waubra NorthcoteSth FairfieldPark Alphington Ivanhoe Heidelberg Northcote Croxton Thornbury Preston (Bell St) Preston (Murray Rd) Preston (Regent St) Preston (Reservoir) Thomastown Epping Sth M orang S Brunswick Brunswick Moreland Coburg Fawkner Somerton Ascot Vale Moonee Ponds Essendon Nth Essendon Pascoe Vale Glenroy Broadmeadows St Albans Sydenham Hawksburn Balaclava Elsternwick Toorak Armadale Malvern Caulfield Glen Huntly Rosstown Murrumbeena Oakleigh EastRichmond Burnley Heyington Kooyong Tooronga Gardiner Glen Iris Auburn Glenferrie Barker's Rd KewH aw thorn Camberwell Riversdale Hartwell Ashburton Darling D eepdene East Camberwell C anterbury Surrey Hills M ontA lbert Box H ill Albion D eerPark Beach W illiamstown W illiam stow n Pier WilliamstownRc Brighton Brighton Beach Hampton Sandringham Ormond McKinnon East Brighton Highett Cheltenham Mentone Mordialloc Aspendale Park Carrum Clayton Spring Vale Sandown Park Rc Dandenong Lyndhurst Middle Frankston Langwarrin Mornington Jn M oorooduc Somerville Mornington Blackburn TunstallM itcham Ringwood Laverton Spencer St Montague Port Melbourne Nth Graham St Port Melbourne Sth Melbourne Albert Park Middle Park St Kilda Macaulay Kensington Sth Kensington Footscray (M ain Line) Footscray W est Tottenham Braybrook Jn N ew m arket Flemington Rc Newport Yarraville Flemington Bridge RoyalPark Fitzroy Spottisw oode NthCarlton NthFitzroy Northcote Clifton H ill FlindersStPrincesBridge Prahran Sth Yarra Richmond Windsor N th M elbourne Golden Square Bendigo Epsom Rc Epsom Eaglehaw k Myers Flat North Shore Nth Geelong Geelong Sth Geelong M oolap Marshall Nth Williamstown Cattle Sdg Kangaroo Flat Brighton Kerr's Lane Flour Mill Sdg Cowie's Ck G eelong Show grounds Lal Lal Rc FlindersStYd Leeor Tarranginnie G rassdale W ickcliffe Rd Leopold Footscray (Suburban) MtW illiam GoldieSpringfield HighParkForbes West Collingwood StGeorgesRdJn Bow m an's Forest Geelong Rc Middle Bell Park Nth Coburg Campbellfield Nth Fulham Grange Willsmere EastK ew Nth Moyne Reedy Lake Kerang Koondrook Tramway Show Grounds Campbellfield South Brighton Ballarat Gardens Burrum beetRc

4. 0 5 10 15 205 Scale of Miles 0510 5 10 15 20 25 30 Scale of Kilometres Scale: 1 to 2,000,000 RailwayMapofVictoria,1950 Copyright 1999, Andrew Waugh Broad Gauge (5'3") Standard Gauge (4'8.5") Narrow Gauge (2'6") Other VR Private Scale: 1 to 750,000 Ballarat Area Melbourne Area Scale of Miles Scale of Kilometres 543210 54321 0 Scale: 1 to 350,000 1 1 6 7 8 Inner & Western MelbourneScale: 1 to 150,000 Geelong Bendigo Scale: 1 to 500,00 Scale: 1 to 500,000 Not Open 5 0 10 5 0 5 10 15 Scale of Kilometres Scale of Miles 5 1 0 1 2 3 4 Scale of Kilometres 1 0 1 2 3 Scale of Miles 50 1 0 1 2 3 Scale of Kilometres Scale of Miles 1 1 2 3 4 5 Electric Street Railway Electric Street Railway Gypsum Torpey's Sdg M affescioni'sSdg Charlton Cattle Sdg Pile Sdg McDougall Dysart Mobilization Sdg Lam rock Cave Hill Sdg Sale W harf Maryvale PowerscourtSdg A PM Sdg Collins Sdg W hiteRockLimeSdg Ballast Sdg CoalCk Dudley Area Eastern A rea Mitchell's Sdg Vacuum Oil Sdg BallaratCattleYds Selkirks Sdg White'sSdg M ontPark Albion Sdg C O R Sdg Darling Sdg Forsyth's Sdg Shell Sdg A ircraftSdg Thomas' Mill McKenzie & Hollands Sdg (Sth Brooklyn) Melb Quarries W illiams Highfield SdgSdg Little Brooklyn Rheem Sdg Jas Hardie Sdg K enstore Newmarket Saleyards Holden Oil Dock Newport Power Station Freezing White Hills Sdg GasCoysSdg CaliforniaGully Phosphate Sdg Corio Quay Fyansford C heetham Sdg C oysSdg Ford'sSdg C attle Sdg Ballast Sdg Portland Freezing Coys Sdg BallastSdgShell&CRBSdgs Mildura Co-op Fruit Sdg ShellSdg Shepparton Preserving Sdg BallastSdg Tim berSdg Sandhurst Fowlers Sdg Braybrook Quarries Sdg W illis' Bros Sdg C'wealth Quarry Sdg C altex Sdg Donald Freezing Coy Sdg Staughton's Sdg Princes Pier Oil Dock Geelong Grammar Sdg Int' Havester Sdg Marmalake Warrackside Grampians Wheat Depot V ictA griculturalLim e Sdg Livestock Sdg Kirrak Mulyara Albistore Broadstore Bandiord Bandolier Distillers Sdg Eureka Redan Caltex Sdg Smorgon's Sdg Armbrook Sdg Monsanto Western & Metro A ngliss'Sdg Noojee Ext Cattle Yards Daylesford Woollen & Worsted Mills Sdg C 'w ealth Sdg APM Sdg Ravenhall Alumatta Sdg Market Trust Sdg Brunswick Plaster Mills Sdg Brooklyn Quarries Sdg A m al. Prossor Quarries Stanley W right W 'Shops Borthwick's Sdg Stephenson Sdg M aidstone M unistone Raafstone Coleraine Jn Tim boon Jn Shelbourne Jn Maldon Jn Wildwoods H ernesO ak Stratford Jn State M ine W odonga Coal Sdg D rom e Loop Brooklyn N ew portSth Jn Tottenham Yard A rden St Yd Melbourne YardFootscray Goods Newport Workshops Nth Bendigo Jn BankBox Rock Loop MortlakeJn Brookwood M aribrynong River Jn Elliminyt Tulloh Coram Birnam WimbaMcDevitt Ditchley Buchanan Rupertswood Targoora Laceby Skehan Byrne Angleside Claremont Dwyer Hyem Jarrott Pieper RM SP 28 Hendersyde Byrneside K y V alley Kanyapella RMSP 17 RMSP 10 RMSP 9 Tecoma Selby W rightFielder C laybank Sulky Bald Hills RMSP27 RMSP 25 RM SP 30 RMSP 26 RMSP 21 RMSP 13 RMSP 14 RMSP 18 RMSP 23 C O R Platform RMSP 54 RMSP 55 RM SP 29RM SP 36 RMSP31 RM SP 32 RM SP 37 RM SP 38 RM SP 34 RM SP 39 Mornington Rc RM SP 70 RMSP 75 RMSP 46 RM SP 53 RMSP52 RM SP 45RM SP 44 RM SP 43 RM SP 42 RM SP 41 RMSP 68 RMSP 67 RMSP 66 RMSP63 RMSP71 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Moolort JoycesCreek Daisy Hill Talbot ClunesTourello Painswick Laurie Tarnagulla Llanelly Arnold Bullabul Inglew ood Bridgew ater D erby K urting G lenalbyn Wedderburn Jn Korong Vale Wedderburn W ychitella Buckrabanyule Barrakee C harlton Teddywaddy GlenlothFairviewWycheproof Dumosa Nullawil Culgoa Warne Berriwillock Boigbeat Sea Lake Ninda Nyarrin Nandaly Pier Millan Mittyack Leitpar Kulwin Borung Mysia Boort Barraport Gredgwin Oakvale Quambatook Cannie Lalbert Meatian Ultima Gowanford Waitchie Chillingollah Chinkapook Cocamba Manangatang Bolton Koimbo Annuello Margooya Bannerton Robinvale Yungera Koorkab Kooloongong Natya Piangil Nyahwest Coonimur Miralie Pira Woorinen Swan Hill Pental Lake Boga Tresco Mystic Park Lake Charm Fairley Kerang Yeoburn Westby Myall Murrabit Koondrook H inksons South Kerang Tragowel Macorna Moulamein Berambong Perekerten Moolpa Impini Yangalake Balranald H appy ValleyLinton Pittong Skipton Berringa Illabrook Rokewood Werneth Trawalla Beaufort Middle Creek Buangor Dobie Ararat Armstrong Great Western Stawell Deep Lead Glenorchy Wal Wal Lubeck Jackson Rupanyup Bolangum Marnoo Banyena Burrum Ashens Murtoa Jung Dooen Horsham Dahlen Pimpinio Wail Dimboola Gerang Gerung Kiata Salisbury N hill Tarranginnie Diapur Miram K aniva Lillim ur Serviceton Arkona Antwerp Tarranyurk Jeparit Ellam Pullut Rainbow Albacutya Yaapeet D etpa Lorquon N etherby Yanac C orom by Minyip Nullan Sheephills Mellis Warracknabeal Batchica Sdg Lah Brim Galaquil Beulah Rosebery Goyura Hopetoun Burroin Dattuck Yarto Willa Patchewollock Rem law Sdg V ectis Q uantong EastN atim uk N atim uk A rapiles M itre G ym bow an D uffholm e G oroke M ortat C arpolac Noradjuha Jallumba Toolondo Jeffries Kanagulk Balmoral Englefield Vasey Gatum Urangara Cavendish Kyup Kanawalla Langi Logan Maroona Calvert W illaura Stavely G len Thom pson D unkeld M outajup Strathkellar Hamilton Branxholme Condah Myamyn Milltown Heywood Heathmere Gorae Portland N th SinclairSdg Lyons G reenw ald W innap D artm oor M arp Puralka Rennick K rom elite M urraw a M tG am bier G rassdale M erino H enty Sandford Casterton BocharaWannon Parkw ood Coleraine Tatyoon Mininera Westmere Nerrin Nerrin Pura Pura Vite Vite Derrinallum Lism oreG narkeetBerrybank D uverneyC ressy PoorneetW ingeel Doroq Inverleigh Barpinba Beeac Ondit W inchelsea Armytage Birregurra W arncoort Irrewarra Colac Larpent Pirron Yallock Whoorel Dean Marsh Pennyroyal Murroon Barwon Gerangamete Yaugher Forrest Lovat Kawarren Barongarook Gellibrand Banool Dinmont Beech Forest Ferguson W eeaproinah K incaid SdgW yelangta Stalker LaversH ill Crowes Cororooke Coragulac Alvie Stoneyford Pomborneit W eerite C am perdow n Boorcan Terang GarvocPanmure CudgeeAllansford W arrnam bool D ennington Illow a K oroit C rossley K irstall M oyne Rosebrook Port Fairy W arrong Woolsthorpe Hawkesdale Minhamite Purdeet Penshurst Tabor Yatchaw Naroghid Cobden Elingamite Glenfyne Curdie Timboon Mortlake Terang Rc Mincha Pyramid Mologa Mitiamo Prairie Dingee Tandarra Raywood Sebastian Woodvale Leichardt M arong N ew stead Strangw ay GuildfordCampbell Shelbourne Pollard Maldon Muckleford Woodburn Daylesford M usk Bullarto LyonvilleTrentham Fern Hill Tylden Ballan Ingliston Bradshaw Llandeilo BacchusParwan Rowsley MeltonRockbank Elaine Meredith LethbridgeQuarry Sdg Lethbridge Bannockburn Murgheboluc Gheringhap Moorabool BuckleyM oriacPettavel G rovedaleLeopold C urlew is Drysdale Mannerim Queenscliff Lara Little River Manor W erribee W erribee Rc Diggers Sunbury Clarkefield Riddell GisborneMacedon Woodend Carlsruhe Kyneton Redesdale Jn Malmsbury Taradale Elphinstone Chewton Castlemaine Harcourt Ravenswood Huntly Bagshot Wellsford Goornong Avonmore Elmore Rochester Strathallan Echuca Moama Echuca Wharf Barnes Moira Mathoura Gulpa Sdg Hill Plain Southdown Deniliquin Benarca Womboota Thyra Bunnaloo Tantonan Caldwell Yallakool Wakool Burraboi Jimaringle Niemur Dhuragon Hunter Warragamba McColl Lockington Kotta Roslynmead Patho 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Devon Calrossie W on W ron N apierW oodside Jumbunna Outtrim Outtrim Nth W oodleighKernot Almurta Glen Forbes W oolamai Anderson K ilcunda D alyston Wonthaggi Bayles Catani Yannathan Hastings Crib Point Red H ill M erricks Balnarring NavalBase StonyPoint Portland Marsh Rest Nyora Tyabb Lal Lal Yendon Navigator W arrenheip Dunnstown Bungaree Rc Bungaree Wallace M illbrook G ordon Ballarat East Ballarat Nth Ballarat Linton Jn W endouree Cardigan Kopke Haddon Nintingbool Smythesdale Scarsdale Newtown W inderm ere Burrum beet Waubra Jn Creswick Nth Creswick Newlyn RocklynW om bat Leonard BallaratRc Pisgah Blowhard Midas Learm onth Creswick Rc Broomfield Allendale Kingston Sailor's Fall Addington Waubra W estgarthFairfield Dennis Alphington Ivanhoe Eaglemont Heidelberg Rosanna Macleod Watsonia G reensborough M ontm orency Northcote Croxton Thornbury Bell Preston Regent Reservoir Keonpark Thomastown Epping Sth M orang S Brunswick Brunswick Anstey Moreland Coburg Batman Merlynston Fawkner Campbellfield Nth Campbellfield Somerton Ascot Vale Moonee Ponds Essendon Glenbervie Nth Essendon Pascoe Vale Glenroy Broadmeadows St Albans Sydenham Hawksburn Balaclava Ripponlea Elsternwick Gardenvale Toorak Armadale Malvern Caulfield Glen Huntly CarnegieMurrumbeena Oakleigh Hughesdale EastRichmond Burnley Heyington Kooyong Tooronga Gardiner Glen Iris A uburn G lenferrie Barker KewH aw thorn C am berw ell Riversdale Willison Hartwell Burwood Ashburton Darling Eastmalvern Holmesglen JordanvilleM tW averley EastC am berw ell C anterbury C hatham Surrey Hills M ontA lbert Box H ill DarebinAlbion D eerPark W illiamstownBeach W illiamstown W illiam stow n Pier Paisley G alvin WilliamstownRc Seaholme Altona Nth Brighton Brighton Beach Hampton Sandringham Ormond McKinnon Bentleigh Moorabbin Highett Cheltenham Mentone Parkdale Mordialloc Aspendale Edithvale Bonbeach Chelsea Carrum Eastoakleigh Clayton Spring Vale Spring Vale Cemetary Sandown Park Noble Park Dandenong Lyndhurst Syndal G len W averley Middle Seaford Frankston Langwarrin Baxter M oorooduc Somerville Mornington Blackburn N unaw ading M itcham Ringwood RingwoodEast Heathmont Eltham Diamond Creek W attleglen Hurstbridge Laverton A ircraft Spencer St Jolim ont Montague North Port Graham Port Melbourne Sth Melbourne Albert Park Middle Park St Kilda Macaulay Kensington SthKensington Footscray M iddleFootscray W estFootscray Tottenham W hite City Sunshine N ew m arket Show G rounds Flem ington Rc Newport YarravilleSeddon Flemington Bridge RoyalPark Fitzroy Spotswood NthCarlton NthFitzroy Rushall Merri NorthcoteLoopJn Clifton H ill Victoria Park Collingwood W est Richm ond Nth Richm ond FlindersStPrincesBridge Prahran Sth Yarra Richmond Windsor N th M elbourne Golden Square Bendigo Bendigo Rc Epsom Eaglehaw k Corio North Shore Nth Geelong Geelong Sth Geelong Marshall Geelong Rc Nth Williamstown SW Milk Coy Sdg Kangaroo Flat Brighton K arw een M orkalla Bittern Wangamong Oaklands A rdeer Alamein Station Pier 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5. 0 5 10 15 205 Scale of Miles 0510 5 10 15 20 25 30 Scale of Kilometres Scale: 1 to 2,000,000 RailwayMapofVictoria,2000 Copyright 1999, Andrew Waugh Broad Gauge (5'3") Standard Gauge (4'8.5") Narrow Gauge (2'6") Other VR Private Scale: 1 to 750,000 Ballarat Area Melbourne Area Scale of Miles Scale of Kilometres 543210 54321 0 Scale: 1 to 350,000 1 1 6 7 8 Inner & Western MelbourneScale: 1 to 150,000 Geelong Bendigo Scale: 1 to 500,00 Scale: 1 to 500,000 Not Open 5 0 10 5 0 5 10 15 Scale of Kilometres Scale of Miles 5 1 0 1 2 3 4 Scale of Kilometres 1 0 1 2 3 Scale of Miles 50 1 0 1 2 3 Scale of Kilometres Scale of Miles 1 1 2 3 4 5 Hazelwood Charlton GEB Sdg Apex Sdg M aryvale A PM Sdg White'sSdg BP Sdg Darling & Sons Sdg Melb Quarries Sdg Little Brooklyn C alifornia G ully Phosphate Sdg Corio Quay Fyansford BosloftSdg Mildura Co-op Fruit Sdg ShellSdg C anning Factory Sdg Sandhurst Fowlers Sdg Donald Freezing Coy Sdg Marmalake Warrackside Redan Portland Harbour Trust Caltex Sdg Sarnia Packing Co Sdg Livestock Sdg A G M Sdg BriquetteSdg Fords Sdg Commonwealth Engineering Sdg BoralResourcesSdg NRC MFT Dynon Esso Sdg Long Island W aurn Ponds GEB Sdg VR Tip GEB Sdg GEB Sdg Livestock Sdg Maribrynong River Terminal WebbDock Goninans Sdg C RT Sdg Elders Sdg Bung Bong BallastSdg U nam ed Sdg Grainco Terminal Patrick Sdg Beulah GEB Sdg Grone Kalari Sdg Portland Depot Sdg Deniliquin Rice Growers Sdg A m polSdg O ilSdgs Bandiana Caltex Sdg A R ScoonesSdg C am pbellsSdg M orw ellFreightgate Traralgon Cem entSdg SaleIndustrialSdg SC T Sdg Ballarat Ballast Sdg Deniliquin Freighters Sdg H ernesO ak Wodonga Coal Sdg N ew portSth Jn Tottenham Yard Newport Workshops N th Bendigo Jn BankBoxLoop Brooklyn Patterson Tullam arine Loop Somerton Loop McIntyre Loop ChilternLoop WodongaLoop A lum atta LoopGlenrow an Loop Benalla LoopViolet Tow n Loop Longw ood Loop Seymour Loop Broadford Loop Tallarook Loop Wallan Loop Donnybrook Loop Long Island Jn Tottenham B Salisbury Loop DeerPark 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Sutherland St Arnaud Bealiba Dunolly M aryborough Carisbrook Moolort Talbot Inglew ood Bridgew ater K urting Korong Vale W ychitella Buckrabanyule Barrakee C harlton Teddywaddy Glenloth Wycheproof Dumosa Nullawil Culgoa Warne Berriwillock Boigbeat Sea Lake Ninda Nyarrin Nandaly Pier Millan Mittyack Kulwin Borung Boort Barraport Gredgwin Oakvale Quambatook Cannie Lalbert Meatian Ultima Gowanford Waitchie Chillingollah Chinkapook Cocamba Manangatang Bolton Annuello Bannerton Robinvale Piangil Nyah West Miralie Pira Woorinen Swan Hill Lake Boga Mystic Park Kerang Moulamein Trawalla Beaufort Buangor Ararat Stawell Glenorchy Lubeck Loop Murtoa Jung Dooen Horsham Pimpinio Wail Dimboola Gerang Gerung Kiata Salisbury N hill Diapur Loop Miram K aniva Lillim ur Serviceton Arkona Antwerp Tarranyurk Jeparit Ellam Pullut Rainbow Albacutya Yaapeet C orom by Minyip Nullan Sheep Hills Warracknabeal Batchica Lah Brim Galaquil Beulah Rosebery Goyura Hopetoun Maroona W illaura G len Thom pson Loop D unkeld H am ilton Heywood Loop Portland D artm oor Westmere Berrybank Loop Inverleigh W inchelsea Birregurra Camperdown Boorcan Terang W arrnam bool D ennington Pyramid Mitiamo Prairie Dingee Tandarra Raywood Ballan Bacchus MeltonRockbank Meredith Gheringhap Lara Little River W erribee W erribee Rc Diggers Sunbury Clarkefield Riddell's Ck Gisborne Macedon Woodend Kyneton Malmsbury Castlemaine Goornong Elmore Rochester Echuca Barnes Mathoura Deniliquin Womboota Bunnaloo Caldwell Wakool Burraboi Craigieburn Wallan Heathcote Jn Wandong Kilmore East Broadford Tallarook Seymour Avenel Euroa Balm attum Violet Town Benalla W angaratta Springhurst Chiltern Rutherglen Wahgunyah Wodonga Albury Barnaw atha Goorambat Devenish St James Tungamah Yarrawonga Sloane Warragoon Rennie Nagambie Murchison East Toolamba M ooroopna Shepparton Congupna Tallygaroopna Wunghnu Numurkah Katunga Strathmerton C obram Tocumwal C osgrove Pine Lodge D ookie Tatura K yabram Tongala Croydon Mooroolbark Lilydale C oldstream Bayswater U Ferntree Gully Fern Tree Gully Boronia Hallam N arre W arren Berwick Beaconsfield Officer Pakenham N arN arG oon TynongG arfield BunyipLongwarryDrouin W arragul Yarragon Trafalgar M oe Morwell Traralgon Sale Stratford Fernbank H illsideBairnsdale Cranbourne Koo Wee Rup Lang Lang LochBena Korum burra Leongatha Hastings C rib Point StonyPoint Marsh Rest N yora Tyabb Lal Lal Bungaree Loop Ballarat Nth Ballarat W estgarthFairfield Dennis Alphington Ivanhoe Eaglemont Heidelberg Rosanna Macleod Watsonia G reensborough M ontm orency Northcote Croxton Thornbury Bell Preston Regent Reservoir Keonpark Thomastown Jewell Brunswick Anstey Moreland Coburg Batman Merlynston Fawkner Upfield Somerton Ascot Vale Moonee Ponds Essendon Glenbervie Strathmore Pascoe Vale Glenroy Broadmeadows St Albans Sydenham Hawksburn Balaclava Ripponlea Elsternwick Gardenvale Toorak Armadale Malvern Caulfield Glenhuntly CarnegieMurrumbeena Oakleigh Hughesdale EastRichmond Burnley Heyington Kooyong 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Hill Victoria Park Collingwood W est Richm ond Nth Richm ond FlindersSt Prahran Sth Yarra Richmond Windsor N th M elbourne Bendigo Eaglehaw k Corio North Shore Nth Geelong Geelong Sth Geelong Geelong Rc Nth Williamstown Brighton Bittern Wangamong Oaklands A rdeer Alamein Sangar Gowrie Lalor G M H Westall Laburnam Heatherdale Epping Jacana Oak Park Tecoma Selby Upwey Belgrave MenziesCk Clematis Emerald Hoppers Crossing Donnybrook Dahlen Colac Lakeside Kananook Ruthven Yarraman Tarranginnie Dim boola Loop Parliament MelbourneCentral Flagstaff W estona Ginnifer M tG am bier Maldon Muckleford Marcus Mannerim LakersSdg Drysdale Queenscliff Yarra G len H ealesville CockatooGem brook TantiPark M oorooduc Daylesford M usk Bullarto Thomson H appy V alley Merinda Park

6. Where to tonight/beyond? • Starting perspectives (prejudices?) • Taking an independent look around • Historical trends and bubbles • The problem and proposed solution • Setting out an achievable program

7. Perspectives-1 Triple bottom line: econ-social-enviro

8. Perspectives-1 Triple bottom line: econ-social-enviro Economy emerges in Society Economy supervenes Society Society emerges in Environment Society supervenes Environment These economic processes run a million times faster than the enviro.

9. Perspectives-1 Triple bottom line: econ-social-enviro Economy emerges in Society Economy supervenes Society Society emerges in Environment Society supervenes Environment These economic processes run a million times faster than the enviro. economy exists by social consent

10. Perspectives-2 Arguable schizophrenic dichotomy between planning a more marvellous Melbourne and encouraging indigenous cultural renaissance • Always was, always will be, Aboriginal land • Bill Gammage: The Biggest Estate on Earth • Bruce Pascoe: Dark Emu: Black seeds agriculture or accident? • In wake of Blanket Bay massacre

11. Perspectives-3 Community Campaign Creek Overshadowing Mistake after mistake Focus on the positive

12. How the world works Aristotle’s four causes Perspectives-4

13. How the world works Aristotle’s four causes Final cause seen as coming from the future Prefer “uses to which it is put” Acting forwards but visible backwards Work funded based on expectations Perspectives-4

14. Perspectives-4

15. Free choice v standard platforms Biology/food, understanding language Electricity, telecomms, other services Perspectives-5

16. Free choice v standard platforms Biology/food, understanding language Electricity, telecomms, other services Beware hidden assumptions Cars without roads, trains without rails Journey time, driving time, planning time Availability, frequency, side beneﬁts Perspectives-5

17. Look around • Collecting experiential data since 2007 • Grew up next to train line near station • Driving, interstate and overseas • Rediscovered public transport in Sydney • Seniors free V/Line travel entitlements • Familiarisation with many Victorian towns

18. Look around-i view from outside old back gate

19. Sometimes in the early hours, steam trains would let off too much pressure on run down from Glenroy, stall on the Glenbervie Bank and roll back towards Pascoe Vale to make another attempt. Look around-i Hearing the ﬁrst train leave Pascoe Vale on a Saturday morning I could get out of bed, dress, grab stuff, run to station and catch it in the four minutes that allowed.

20. Look around-i Glenbervie station subway more recently

21. Look around-ii Driving a fair bit to Sydney and Adelaide, tried many alternatives to direct routes, becoming familiar with numerous towns. Starting to travel internationally for business in 1986-87, each ﬁrst arrival in Los Angeles, New York and London was by driving rental car from another city.

22. Look around-iii putting the trams back but not this depot

23. Look around-iii In Sydney during lead up to Olympics, their commitment to getting people on public transport showed a train system which had leapfrogged Melbourne’s despite decades earlier refurbishment of major tram depot and network closure.

24. Look around-iii outside Frankston station before current renovation

25. Look around-iii Back in Melbourne started using public transport to get to and from trail walks. Then Senior Entitlements to free V/Line trips spread exploration to the country.

26. Look around-1 Portland Buchan Dimboola Benalla

27. Look around-1 various personal reasons for early choices Omeo Claims home via Lakes Entrance twice

28. Look around-2 day trips Ararat Inverloch Bendigo Shepparton

29. Look around-2 same day in Shepparton, a reminder of the reach of VR

30. Look around-3 2012: southwest WA after presenting at a foresight conference held at Perth Zoo WA’s only country line terminates at Bunbury Rail freight to port at Albany Woody Island stopover on Recherché Archipelago cruise

31. Look around-3 Upgrading rail freight to port at Esperance Indian Paciﬁc Kalgoorlie to Adelaide leg stretch at Cook

32. Look around-4 headlands beyond Cumberland, Wye and Kennett rivers

33. Look around-4 Spending as much time as possible on the east Otway coast, value contrasts between closed Lorne, open Apollo Bay. Much travel via Geelong gives familiarity from Warrnambool to Ballan and Rye. Presented a year ago on bad separation of Geelong and Melbourne planning.

34. Calder peri-urban Look around-5 Monthly visits to Kyneton

35. Look around-5 Macedon from Keilor Plains Riddells Creek Woodend Castlemaine

36. Look around-5 Old Daylesford Boat House afternoon before burnt down Hanging Rock Trentham Falls Lanceﬁeld

37. 2014: 4 corners Look around-6 In the North West, Mildura revolves around the Murray. Conﬂuence with the Darling.

38. Look around-6 In the North East, Corryong provides view to Kosciusko. Home via Wodonga station.

39. Look around-6 South West: Mt. Gambier South East: Bermagui

40. Look around-7 2015: intermediate range Halls Gap gateway Dunkeld to the Grampians Disused station on freight line

41. 2015: intermediate range Look around-7 Port of Echuca terminus Dilapidated Kyabram platform Echuca yard Maintained Kyabram irrigation

42. 2015: intermediate range Look around-7 Former Yarram station Port of Sale Yarram main street Swing Bridge on Thomson

43. Look around-7 Horsham slipped to 2016 Wimmera River Water management experience held back by weir(s) Side trip to Rainbow

44. Across time • 1998-2013 municipal population base line • Feeling contemporary city-country divide • Too much of a good thing: the motor car • Corporatisation of government operations • Knowledge sharing gets wheels • Dropping away from the exponential

45. Across time-i Extrapolating from data by municipality 1998 2013 Annual Doubling years Regional Victoria 1,287,196 1,455,936 0.825% 84.4 Metro Melbourne 3,367,741 4,283,405 1.616% 43.2 Total Victoria 4,654,937 5,739,341 1.406% 49.6 Casey-Cardinia 204,728 359,181 3.819% 18.5 NW Growth Areas 361,641 675,051 4.249% 16.7 Geelong-Surf Coast 204,696 249,797 1.336% 52.2 Moorabool-Macedon Ranges-Mitchell 85,190 111,784 1.828% 38.3 Inner Melbourne 389,625 541,872 2.223% 31.5

46. • Cumulative impression gained visiting many • A lot of space within to accommodate growth • Commercial cores low rent/widely dispersed • Basic infrastructure not being stretched • Flicking through some 2015 indicative images Towns planned with great aspirations Across time-1

47. Across time-1 Towns planned with great aspirations Echuca Kyabram Dunkeld

48. Across time-2 Melbourne's 40 year population doubling • Short term fluctuations peaked in the 1880s • Marvellous Melbourne • Long term 40 year doubling persists • Can’t imagine another doubling without significant change • Question is more When that Whether

49. Across time-3 fuel pipelines haven’t halted truck trafﬁc in inner west

50. The ascendancy of the motor car in Australia dates from the mid 1950s with the arrival of General Motors Holden. Trafﬁc congestion dominates the city, but greater dependency in the bush. A slow change from the mid naughties sees reduced enthusiasm young & old. Across time-3

51. Across time-4 MMBW, PWD, VR, MMTB, SEC, Gas & Fuel

52. Across time-4 MMBW, PWD, VR, MMTB, SEC, Gas & Fuel • Well established governmental agencies facilitated Melbourne’s post war boom • Purposes and planning were transparent • Market mythology about efﬁciencies encouraged corporatisation & privatisation • Instead of pipeline, work broke into projects • New millennium growth killed lead times

53. Across time-5 broad concrete aprons in otherwise surviving green belt

54. Across time-5 Just one of those public institutions survived almost intact: VicRoads Long ago contract at their Kew railway HQ to design an intersection database showed key difference city v country. While they cling to old reservations, VicRoads power to act has been eroded.

55. Apple v Micro$oft Apple v IBM Apple v Google Apple v Samsung Apple v Tandy Across time-6

56. Social media adds degrees of Freedom Across time-6 Apple v Exxon The car as expression of Freedom

57. Across time-7 Knowledge sharing deﬁnes humanity • ‘Hunter-gatherers’ with fire & tools maintained knowledge in song lines • Transition to agriculture & mnemonic monuments • Accounting on clay tablets • Writing on parchment • Printing on paper/books • Photography, film & sound • Digital social hypermedia

58. Across time-8 Move into cities; exponential collapse Exponential trends always end, but how? Towards linearity, asymptotic limit, collapse. Movement into cities deﬁnes current era but leaves open question of best balance. Separately projecting current growth rates 50 years ﬁts Melbourne’s long term trend. Moving million of this growth city to country gives city 100%, country 120% on current.

59. Hypothesis • Melbourne struggling to catch up lack of integrated planning • Of next population doubling, divert million out of Melbourne • Rail can provide conﬁdence in service accessibility • Teens/twenties and old persons most need service access • V/Line coaches not good with mobility problems, bikes, etc.

60. Hypothesis-1 Struggle to catch up lack of planning • Voluntary redundancy lost knowledge, talent • Car honeymoon stops rail in its tracks • Institutional breakup • Miss congestion coming • Hiding all ‘in the plan’ • Transport Integration Act’s 2010-14 hiatus

61. Hypothesis-2 Diverting growth via decentralisation

62. Hypothesis-2 Diverting growth via decentralisation Population doubling must slow or stall, at least globally, but while we proclaim ‘liveability’, must plan at least one more. 1998-2013 growth projected 50 years with a million switched city to country gives city doubling while country +120%

63. Hypothesis-3 Rail ups legibility, investor conﬁdence • Steel rails and operational platform say train will come • Overcoming half century history of line closures • Densification opportunities near just out of town stations • Committing to ongoing roll out • Local services on regional lines • Seeing country as destination rather than dormitory

64. Hypothesis-4 Geelong’s reconciliation of station heritage with hosting NDIS

65. Hypothesis-4 Individuals may not want their whole life in peri-urban, regional or rural towns. Aim for even demographic, not ghettos. Teens, twenties and older folk not well served without local service ﬂexibility. Decentralise travel options between such places to better avail education, employment and care facilities.

66. Hypothesis-5 Buses cheap to deploy; miss diverse needs Clearly, while bus services are proposed as alternatives to trains, the populace vote with their feet. Virtually everyone uses the trains but only a small proportion use the bus. This is a lesson in real life for transport planners, who pretend that a bus can realistically replace a train service. They do not! Scott Ramsay Public Relations Manager Rail Revival Alliance In more than one sense, a step up from suburban buses, V/Line ‘coaches’ are generally a comfortable ride, but they… • ban on board food & drink consumption like all buses • are difﬁcult to climb on & off for any with mobility issues • strongly discourage moving around in transit • do not allow travelling with bikes, pets, etc.

67. First steps • What steps to achieve decentralisation? • Timetabling for country as destination • Putting future routes into planning scheme • Local route reﬁnement, gap ﬁlling • Construction pipeline, long-term guarantee • Southeast SA, Riverina, Eden-Monaro

68. First steps-i Plan Melbourne refresh submission

69. First steps-i Plan Melbourne refresh submission • Submission deadline: 18 December • Depth of Melbourne’s planning deﬁcit • Rail-led decentralisation can help • Arbitrary boundaries don’t help plan • Tonight seeking constructive feedback • Must tick more than economic boxes

70. First steps-1 Turning sources back into destinations

71. First steps-1 Turning sources back into destinations At PTV’s Regional Network Development Plan workshop, Castlemaine locals were as keen to get to Bendigo as Melbourne. Current V/Line timetables designed to get country folk in & out of Melbourne, not attract tourists or frequent visitors.

72. First steps-2 PTV didn’t workshop visitors ex Melbourne

73. First steps-2 PTV didn’t workshop visitors ex Melbourne Echuca Port station closure shows disregard for day tourist potential. Getting back to suburbia from evening events in the regions not supported. V/Line initially reluctant about return trains from Geelong home night games. Timetabling precludes many potential day trip destinations.

74. First steps-3 Putting future routes into planning scheme • Planning scheme overlays can alert to risk without blocking • E.g. Special Building Overlay indicating 1 in 100 flood extent • Bushfire Management Overlay added post Black Saturday • Create Rail Corridor Overlay • Jump start along every old line • Guarantee trail network ongoing

75. First steps-4 Local route reﬁnement, gap ﬁlling • Allow time for wider input to resolve local alignment issues • Add network gap filling routes • Provide extra track capacity • Move to more explicit zoning with appropriate lead times: • Public Use - Transport (PUZ4) • Public Acquisition Overlay • Aim for no surprises and community consent

76. First steps-5 Construction pipeline, long-term guarantee From community-supported network plan Prioritisation process to pipeline roll out No more politicised ‘project’ selection Parallel pipeline for supply of rolling stock Conﬁdence for industry capacity building Supporting provision of other infrastructure Guarantee trains will be staying this time

77. First steps-6 Interstate but better connected to Victoria

78. First steps-6 Interstate but better connected to Victoria Freight lines still operate into Riverina, SA neglect their SE, Mildura-Broken Hill While equally linked to Victoria, Federal electorate Eden-Monaro is longer term. V/Line operates to Batemans Bay 120km from NSW rail at Bomaderry & Canberra via Bombala terminal of old Cooma line

79. Thank you Questions?